Evaluation of the Federal Business Immigration Program — Appendix D: Weighting of the Survey Results
The following table presents a comparison of the distribution of the three immigration classes, the actual total population (column 2) versus the percentage of those that consented to participate (third column). The table demonstrated that the Entrepreneur class is over sampled by a factor of 2.75 (35.2% / 12.6%) while the Investor class is under sampled by a factor of 1.39 (58.2% / 82.1%).
| Immigration Classes | As a Frequency of the total population (n = 12,402) |
As a Percentage of the total population (n = 12,402) |
As a Frequency of the survey sample (n1 = 12,364) |
As a Frequency of the survey sample (n1 = 12,364) |
As a Frequency of those surveyed (n2 = 850) |
As a Percentage of those surveyed (n2 = 850) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entrepreneur | 1,565 | 12.6% | 1,554 | 12.6% | 299 | 35.2% |
| Self-employed | 657 | 5.3% | 654 | 5.3% | 56 | 6.6% |
| Investor | 10,180 | 82,1% | 10,156 | 82.1% | 495 | 58.2% |
Given the under-over sampling situation it was decided to weigh the results of those surveyed so that the % of each of the three classes was more proportionately representative of the total population (n1). Sensitivity analysis on different weighting options was conducted and the decision came down to three options:
Option 1: Immigration Classes
- Entrepreneur (EN)
- Self-Employed (SE)
- Investor (IN)
Option 2: China plus Immigration Classes
- Residency is China
- Immigration Classes
- Entrepreneur (EN)
- Self-Employed (SE)
- Investor (IN)
Option 3: Asia plus Immigration Classes
- Residency is Asia
- Immigration Classes
- Entrepreneur (EN)
- Self-Employed (SE)
- Investor (IN)
While the weighting exercise did bring the sample to more closely represent the population of the program, variances are still present, as depicted in the table presented on the following page.
| OPTION 1 | OPTION 2 | OPTION 3 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weighting Options | Completed Surveys n=850 | Population n=12,402 |
Weighted by TYPE (EN, SE, IN) | Variation in % with weighting | Weighted by TYPE and China | Variation in % with weighting | Weighted by TYPE and Asia | Variation in % with weighting |
| Immigration class | ||||||||
| Entrepreneur | 35.2% | 12.6% | 12.6% | 0.0% | 13.0% | 0.0% | 12.6% | 0.0% |
| Self-employed | 6.6% | 5.3% | 5.3% | 0.0% | 5.0% | 0.0% | 5.3% | 0.0% |
| Investor | 58.2% | 82.1% | 82.1% | 0.0% | 82.0% | 0.0% | 82.1% | 0.0% |
| Gender | ||||||||
| Female | 19.5% | 17.5% | 20.9% | 3.4% | 23.0% | 5.3% | 22.8% | 5.3% |
| Male | 80.5% | 82.5% | 79.1% | -3.4% | 77.0% | -5.3% | 77.2% | -5.3% |
| Year of Admission | ||||||||
| 2007 | 25.2% | 17.6% | 23.8% | 6.2% | 23.0% | 5.5% | 22.9% | 5.3% |
| 2008 | 22.7% | 23.0% | 21.1% | -1.9% | 20.0% | -2.6% | 21.9% | -1.1% |
| 2009 | 17.5% | 21.9% | 16.6% | -5.3% | 17.0% | -4.9% | 16.6% | -5.3% |
| 2010 | 20.0% | 21.9% | 21.8% | -0.1% | 23.0% | 0.7% | 22.0% | 0.1% |
| 2011 | 14.4% | 15.6% | 16.6% | 1.0% | 17.0% | 1.4% | 16.6% | 1.0% |
| Age group | ||||||||
| 0 to 14 years of age | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| 15 to 24 years of age | 0.1% | 0.3% | 0.0% | -0.3% | 0.0% | -0.3% | 0.0% | -0.3% |
| 25 to 44 years of age | 40.1% | 44.7% | 42.9% | -1.8% | 46.0% | 1.2% | 45.3% | 0.6% |
| 45 to 64 years of age | 57.3% | 53.6% | 54.7% | 1.1% | 52.0% | -1.4% | 52.8% | -0.8% |
| 65 years of age or more | 2.5% | 1.3% | 2.3% | 1.0% | 2.0% | 0.5% | 1.8% | 0.5% |
| Mean age | 46.9 | 45.7 | ||||||
| Country of last permanent residence, world area | ||||||||
| Africa | 20.2% | 0.1 | 16.5% | 3.7% | 13.0% | 0.6% | 10.5% | -2.3% |
| Asia, Australia, Pacific | 62.1% | 0.8 | 68.0% | -11.5% | 74.0% | -5.7% | 79.6% | 0.1% |
| Europe and UK | 10.9% | 0.0 | 9.7% | 4.9% | 8.0% | 3.2% | 6.1% | 1.3% |
| United States | 3.8% | 0.0 | 3.2% | 1.5% | 3.0% | 1.0% | 2.1% | 0.4% |
| South America | 3.1% | 0.0 | 2.7% | 1.5% | 2.0% | 1.0% | 1.7% | 0.5% |
| Education | ||||||||
| 0 to 9 years | 5.6% | 0.1 | 4.6% | -4.5% | 5.0% | -4.2% | 4.7% | -4.4% |
| 10 to 12 years | 15.2% | 0.2 | 13.6% | -6.6% | 13.0% | -6.8% | 13.5% | -6.7% |
| 13 or more years | 7.5% | 0.1 | 6.9% | 1.6% | 7.0% | 1.5% | 6.2% | 0.9% |
| Trade certificate | 6.2% | 0.1 | 6.0% | -0.7% | 7.0% | 0.0% | 6.1% | -0.6% |
| Non university diploma | 31.5% | 0.2 | 22.8% | 0.9% | 25.0% | 3.5% | 24.5% | 2.6% |
| Bachelor's degree | 20.7% | 0.3 | 31.1% | 4.8% | 29.0% | 3.1% | 30.9% | 4.6% |
| Master's degree | 11.4% | 0.1 | 12.8% | 4.0% | 12.0% | 2.9% | 12.5% | 3.7% |
| Doctorate | 1.8% | 0.0 | 2.1% | 0.5% | 2.0% | 0.1% | 1.5% | -0.1% |
| Knowledge of official languages | ||||||||
| English | 56.2% | 0.4 | 51.0% | 11.9% | 44.0% | 4.7% | 45.6% | 6.5% |
| French | 0.4% | 0.0 | 0.4% | 0.3% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.1% |
| Both | 3.1% | 0.0 | 3.5% | 2.0% | 3.0% | 1.3% | 2.2% | 0.7% |
| Neither | 40.4% | 0.6 | 45.0% | -14.2% | 53.0% | -6.1% | 52.0% | -7.2% |
| Main countries of last permanent residence | ||||||||
| People's Republic of China | 35.0% | 0.5 | 42.0% | -11.1% | 53.0% | 0.0% | 49.3% | -3.8% |
| Taiwan | 7.0% | 0.1 | 8.9% | -1.1% | 7.0% | -3.1% | 10.6% | 0.6% |
| Republic of Korea | 7.0% | 0.1 | 6.9% | -1.8% | 5.0% | -3.3% | 7.9% | -0.8% |
| Iran | 10.0% | 0.1 | 7.4% | 1.0% | 6.0% | -0.3% | 4.9% | -1.5% |
| United Arab Emirates | 4.0% | 0.0 | 4.2% | 1.3% | 3.0% | 0.4% | 2.4% | -0.5% |
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