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Evaluation of Government Assisted Refugees (GAR) and Resettlement Assistance Program (RAP)

Appendix I: Regression analysis

Table I-1: Logistic regressions for reporting employment earnings ( GARs)
  1 2 3 5
Category Coeff. Sig Chi-2 Coeff. Sig Chi-2 Coeff. Sig Chi-2 Coeff. Sig Chi-2
Intercept -0.551 c   0.066     0.6161 c   1.213 c  
Cohorts     10.79     23.22c     11.52a     11.44b
2000 0.126   3.44 0.215 c 10.96c 0.1427 a 4.95a 0.115   3.58
2001 0.149 a 4.84a 0.196 b 8.92b 0.0646   1.01 -0.067   1.22
2002 0.030   0.19 0.266 c 16.23c 0.1965 b 9.35b ref.  ref.  ref.
2003 0.000   0.00 0.186 b 7.78b 0.1140   3.04 – – –
2004 0.007   0.01 0.048   0.54 ref. ref. ref. – – –
2005 -0.011   0.03 ref. ref. ref. – – – – – –
2006 ref. ref. ref. – – – – – – – – –
2007 – – – – – – – – – – – –
Gender (Ref. Women) 1.227 c 1255.18c 1.064 c 885.92c 0.986 c 657.68c 0.667 c 203.94c
Age at landing (Ref. 18-29 years old)     468.04c     668.21c     642.88c     530.26c
30-39 years old -0.243 c 34.90c -0.395 c 86.32c -0.335 c 53.70c -0.318 c 32.63c
40-49 years old -0.590 c 133.28c -0.707 c 189.58c -0.659 c 147.67c -0.671 c 107.97c
50 years old and over -1.653 c 420.10c -1.955 c 616.39c -1.981 c 609.65c -2.180 c 505.46c
Education (Ref. None)     98.62c     106.62c     86.20c     86.57c
Secondary or less 0.446 c 65.27c 0.413 c 51.92c 0.331 c 28.81c 0.361 c 17.56c
Formal trade Cert. Or Apprenticeship, or Non-University Certificat or Diploma 0.692 c 90.52c 0.761 c 102.25c 0.697 c 75.41c 0.778 c 57.24c
Some University No Degree, or Bachelor’s Degree or Some Post-Grad. Education - No Degree or Master’s Degree or Doctorate 0.533 c 59.48c 0.530 c 56.49c 0.527 c 48.42c 0.723 c 51.02c
Knowledge of official languages (Ref. Neither English nor French) 0.444 c 133.15c 0.322 c 64.49c 0.250 c 33.54c 0.130 a 6.03a
Marital Status (Ref. Single)     357.67c     261.57c     261.81c     123.74c
Married or common law -0.743 c 355.02c -0.647 c 238.85c -0.680 c 214.39c -0.607 c 103.65c
Divorced. widowed. separated  -0.614 c 85.69c -0.746 c 128.80c -0.915 c 177.05c -0.811 c 85.19c
Country/region of birth (Ref. Afghanistan)     1058.68c     738.75c     526.30c     302.74c
Central America / Caribbean & Bermuda / South America 0.516 c 42.78c 0.641 c 57.54c 0.801 c 67.51c 0.579 c 16.72c
Northern, western, eastern and southern Europe (excluding Yugoslavia) 0.856 c 83.91c 0.745 c 62.41c 0.870 c 73.12c 0.631 c 31.66c
Western, Eastern, Central and Southern Africa (excluding: Ethiopia. Democratic republic of Somalia and Democratic Republic of Congo) 1.495 c 436.87c 1.398 c 305.86c 1.027 c 126.55c 0.951 c 47.33c
Northern Africa / West Central Asia and Middle East (excluding: Democratic Republic of Sudan, Iran, Iraq and Afghanistan) 0.154   1.74 0.257 a 4.70a -0.069   0.21 -1.099 c 23.74c
Eastern, South-East and South Asia (Excluding: Myanmar) 0.954 c 68.96c 0.332 b 6.98b 0.325 a 4.94a 0.212   0.41
Democratic Republic of Sudan 1.312 c 517.96c 1.033 c 300.26c 0.840 c 166.09c 0.566 c 42.07c
Yugoslavia 0.834 c 181.70c 0.571 c 90.04c 0.398 c 41.78c 0.122   3.26
Iran 0.120   3.07 0.064   0.90 0.091   1.68 0.003   0.00
Iraq -0.114   2.00 -0.215 b 7.58b -0.386 c 23.60c -0.738 c 63.67c
Myanmar 1.212 c 134.99c 1.562 c 99.71c 1.687 c 76.03c 0.833 a 4.11a
Democratic Republic of Somalia 0.908 c 76.49c 0.492 c 20.45c 0.239   3.82 0.013   0.00
Ethiopia 1.465 c 199.76c 1.194 c 102.84c 0.999 c 56.59c 0.589 b 10.08b
Democratic Republic of Congo 1.050 c 83.66c 1.004 c 57.21c 1.041 c 45.26c 0.893 c 15.30c
Province of residence (Ref. Alberta)     1031.67c     730.56c     634.25c     473.75c
Atlantic -0.397 c 23.92c -0.438 c 22.27c -0.647 c 39.03c -0.933 c 47.21c
Quebec -1.788 c 111.53c -1.518 c 100.11c -1.436 c 92.12c -1.491 c 79.24c
Ontario -1.392 c 930.63c -1.221 c 660.44c -1.227 c 558.43c -1.284 c 381.75c
Manitoba -0.686 c 92.41c -0.596 c 57.40c -0.480 c 29.23c -0.326 b 7.48b
Saskatchewan -0.639 c 57.14c -0.463 c 22.46c -0.380 c 11.67c -0.172   1.08
British Colombia -0.966 c 281.78c -0.831 c 187.83c -0.696 c 109.34c -0.638 c 56.85c
n 21,145     18,855     16,385     10.770    
df 35     34     33     31    
Pseudo-r2 0.2308     0.2081     0.1973     0.1777    
LL -11,184.499     -10,307.788     -8,921.928     -5,940.500    
Chi-2 6,710.74 c   5,416.41 c   4,385.18 c   2,566.77 c  

Table I-2: Linear regression on the log of employment earnings ( GARs)
  1 2 3 5
Category Coeff. Sig Chi-2 Coeff. Sig Chi-2 Coeff. Sig Chi-2 Coeff. Sig Chi-2
Intercept 8.489 c   8.955 c   9.1319 c   9.407 c  
Cohorts     3.09b     2.33a     4.82c     3.82a
2000 -0.116 b 10.03b -0.077 a 5.24a -0.1032 c 11.11c -0.070 a 5.83a
2001 -0.047   1.700 -0.113 c 11.14c -0.1312 c 17.95c -0.073 a 6.33a
2002 -0.109 b 8.77b -0.067 a 3.96a -0.0639 a 4.34a ref.  ref. ref.
2003 -0.077 a 4.58a -0.047   2.00 -0.0544   3.20 – – –
2004 -0.068   3.76 -0.048   2.14 ref. ref. ref. – – –
2005 -0.009   0.06 ref. ref. ref. – – – – – –
2006 ref. ref. ref. – – – – – – – – –
2007 – – – – – – – – – – – –
Gender (Ref. Women) 0.465 c 571.49c 0.486 c 680.03c 0.482 c 647.02c 0.449 c 398.65c
Age at landing (Ref. 18-29 years old)     6.82c     8.24c     9.06c     10.66c
30-39 years old 0.005   0.05 0.070 b 10.32b 0.046 a 4.31a 0.081 b 9.58b
40-49 years old -0.038   1.60 0.035   1.47 -0.032   1.23 0.031   0.85
50 years old and over -0.243 c 18.30c -0.168 b 9.26b -0.218 c 15.94c -0.268 c 16.39c
Education (Ref. None)     1.84     7.87c     3.76a     8.82c
Secondary or less 0.066 a 4.30a 0.052   2.84 0.049   2.40 0.080   3.32
Formal trade Cert. Or Apprenticeship, or Non-University Certificat or Diploma 0.091 a 5.02a 0.120 b 9.22b 0.118 b 8.76b 0.219 c 18.77c
Some University - No Degree, or Bachelor’s Degree or Some Post-Grad. Education - No Degree or Master’s Degree or Doctorate 0.065   2.77 -0.032   0.72 0.023   0.36 0.135 b 7.28b
Knowledge of official languages (Ref. Neither English nor French) 0.125 c 38.00c 0.095 c 22.61c 0.070 c 11.99c 0.007   0.07
Marital Status (Ref. Single)     1.29     6.25b     0.83     5.00b
Married or common law -0.033   2.58 -0.060 b 8.79b 0.015   0.55 -0.018   0.49
Divorced. widowed. separated  -0.018   0.23 -0.105 b 8.19b -0.025   0.48 -0.135 b 9.60b
Country/region of birth (Ref. Afghanistan)     30.40c     19.90c     20.79c     11.38c
Central America / Caribbean & Bermuda / South America 0.089   3.50 -0.013   0.08 0.062   1.78 0.181 b 8.72b
Northern, western, eastern and southern Europe (excluding Yugoslavia) 0.212 c 14.24c 0.287 c 30.25c 0.324 c 42.04c 0.302 c 34.20c
Western, Eastern, Central and Southern Africa (excluding: Ethiopia. Democratic republic of Somalia and Democratic Republic of Congo) 0.439 c 145.02c 0.292 c 65.52c 0.364 c 84.23c 0.256 c 23.44c
Northern Africa / West Central Asia and Middle East (excluding: Democratic Republic of Sudan, Iran, Iraq and Afghanistan) 0.218 b 8.48b -0.026   0.13 0.127   2.15 0.013   0.01
Eastern, South-East and South Asia (Excluding: Myanmar) 0.198 b 9.98b 0.161 a 5.33a 0.132   3.31 0.310 a 4.14a
Democratic Republic of Sudan 0.422 c 182.93c 0.220 c 55.10c 0.163 c 28.81c 0.044   1.32
Yugoslavia 0.398 c 121.47c 0.262 c 61.84c 0.300 c 84.40c 0.210 c 36.59c
Iran 0.006   0.02 -0.068   2.76 -0.087 a 4.85a -0.084   3.36
Iraq -0.031   0.35 -0.077   2.54 -0.101 a 4.55a -0.202 c 13.92c
Myanmar 0.098   3.10 0.459 c 50.77c 0.382 c 32.09c 0.207   2.00
Democratic Republic of Somalia 0.443 c 63.26c 0.314 c 31.11c 0.202 c 11.11c 0.021   0.04
Ethiopia 0.491 c 95.71c 0.343 c 43.20c 0.359 c 43.99c 0.226 b 9.42b
Democratic Republic of Congo 0.245 c 17.49c 0.036   0.35 0.029   0.20 0.281 b 10.03b
Province of residence (Ref. Alberta)     15.96c     14.27c     20.28c     19.55c
Atlantic -0.262 c 45.05c -0.186 c 19.74c -0.296 c 40.39c -0.237 c 13.31c
Quebec -0.244 a 4.92a -0.241 b 6.90b -0.251 b 9.00b -0.479 c 27.42c
Ontario -0.151 c 44.33c -0.168 c 56.26c -0.185 c 65.06c -0.258 c 88.32c
Manitoba -0.152 c 19.50c -0.041   1.35 -0.156 c 17.61c -0.210 c 19.94c
Saskatchewan -0.259 c 35.55c -0.231 c 25.24c -0.202 c 17.76c -0.333 c 26.62c
British Colombia -0.031   1.05 -0.028   0.85 0.017   0.33 -0.110 b 9.09b
n 9,455     10,135     9,595     6,525    
df 35     34     33     31    
F 38.97 c   37.61 c   36.73 c   24.81 c  
r2 0.1265     0.1124     0.1125     0.1059    

Table I–3: Logistic regressions for reporting employment earnings ( GARs, PSRs and GAR Quebec)
  1 2 3 5
Category Coeff. Sig Chi–2 Coeff. Sig Chi–2 Coeff. Sig Chi–2 Coeff. Sig Chi–2
Intercept -0.571 c   -0.011     0.5422 c   0.983 c  
Cohorts     19.06b     22.55c     9.99a     8.04a
2000 0.141 b 7.25b 0.178 c 13.39c 0.1062 a 5.00a 0.070   2.32
2001 0.131 a 6.34a 0.113 a 5.43a 0.0461   0.95 -0.047   1.06
2002 0.009   0.03 0.190 c 14.57c 0.1342 b 7.88b ref.  ref. ref.
2003 0.048   0.85 0.176 c 12.56c 0.0620   1.68 – – –
2004 0.035   0.45 0.076   2.35 ref. ref. ref. – – –
2005 -0.034   0.39 ref. ref. ref. – – – – – –
2006 ref. ref. ref. – – – – – – – – –
2007 – – – – – – – – – – – –
Category (ref. GAR fed.)     2689.39c     1033.86c     470.94c     137.02c
PSR federal 1.795 c 2613.95c 1.10 c 988.67c 0.79 c 446.39c 0.497 c 113.84c
GAR Qc. -0.224 b 8.79b -0.186 b 7.16b -0.134   3.64 -0.249 b 9.81b
Gender (Ref. Women) 1.256 c 2141.38c 1.066 c 1527.76c 0.972 c 1119.57c 0.705 c 394.80c
Age at landing (Ref. 18-29 years old)     1044.56c     1217.97c     1162.48c     902.68c
30-39 years old -0.231 c 50.18c -0.400 c 147.97c -0.352 c 100.86c -0.324 c 57.45c
40-49 years old -0.570 c 205.22c -0.659 c 278.76c -0.667 c 259.70c -0.688 c 192.06c
50 years old and over -1.861 c 990.31c -1.960 c 1172.60c -1.967 c 1112.70c -2.120 c 858.72c
Education (Ref. None)     125.68c     141.48c     106.47c     110.35c
Secondary or less 0.373 c 75.67c 0.351 c 65.77c 0.273 c 35.42c 0.282 c 20.39c
Formal trade Cert. Or Apprenticeship, or Non-University Certificat or Diploma 0.579 c 109.54c 0.639 c 131.74c 0.565 c 92.47c 0.634 c 71.73c
Some University - No Degree, or Bachelor’s Degree or Some Post-Grad. Education - No Degree or Master’s Degree or Doctorate 0.498 c 88.01c 0.478 c 81.39c 0.437 c 60.99c 0.600 c 65.69c
Knowledge of official languages (Ref. Neither English nor French) 0.411 c 173.24c 0.330 c 106.06c 0.274 c 62.84c 0.212 c 24.99c
Marital Status (Ref. Single)     494.39c     360.70c     347.27c     181.87c
Married or common law -0.688 c 491.41c -0.580 c 326.63c -0.576 c 269.76c -0.565 c 154.11c
Divorced. widowed. separated  -0.574 c 118.82c -0.689 c 182.19c -0.839 c 247.12c -0.756 c 120.99c
Country/region of birth (Ref. Afghanistan)     1398.82c     1082.76c     801.89c     432.28c
Central America / Caribbean & Bermuda / South America 0.776 c 201.59c 0.977 c 311.02c 0.893 c 226.07c 0.952 c 140.18c
Northern, western, eastern and southern Europe (excluding Yugoslavia) 0.911 c 151.32c 0.822 c 125.07c 0.858 c 124.17c 0.735 c 78.81c
Western, Eastern, Central and Southern Africa (excluding: Ethiopia. Democratic republic of Somalia and Democratic Republic of Congo) 1.309 c 585.66c 1.151 c 416.08c 1.023 c 257.43c 0.964 c 118.88c
Northern Africa / West Central Asia and Middle East (excluding: Democratic Republic of Sudan, Iran, Iraq and Afghanistan) 0.236 a 5.69a 0.313 b 9.82b 0.049   0.17 -0.275   2.84
Eastern, South-East and South Asia (Excluding: Myanmar) 1.035 c 128.27c 0.632 c 42.38c 0.688 c 38.53c 0.839 c 23.44c
Democratic Republic of Sudan 1.219 c 583.67c 1.042 c 393.74c 0.864 c 226.68c 0.698 c 82.39c
Yugoslavia 0.852 c 275.22c 0.677 c 186.16c 0.465 c 85.12c 0.283 c 26.96c
Iran 0.163 b 7.74b 0.100   3.02 0.085   2.00 0.089   1.44
Iraq 0.297 c 33.68c 0.229 c 20.01c 0.011   0.04 -0.196 b 9.64b
Myanmar 1.218 c 164.50c 1.527 c 121.03c 1.627 c 95.41c 0.954 c 11.73c
Democratic Republic of Somalia 0.560 c 43.60c 0.324 c 13.46c 0.087   0.79 -0.025   0.03
Ethiopia 1.668 c 535.50c 1.338 c 328.38c 1.127 c 197.95c 0.806 c 54.39c
Democratic Republic of Congo 0.954 c 145.67c 0.881 c 111.44c 0.765 c 68.53c 0.612 c 23.90c
Province of residence (Ref. Alberta)     1269.82c     916.98c     765.70c     543.27c
Atlantic -0.405 c 27.99c -0.418 c 23.46c -0.639 c 44.76c -0.874 c 48.20c
Quebec -1.597 c 365.17c -1.330 c 291.64c -1.286 c 260.16c -1.034 c 122.81c
Ontario -1.298 c 1097.33c -1.130 c 789.93c -1.125 c 662.63c -1.149 c 439.81c
Manitoba -0.664 c 123.71c -0.473 c 54.51c -0.468 c 43.58c -0.322 c 11.68c
Saskatchewan -0.613 c 64.81c -0.416 c 22.58c -0.353 c 12.30c -0.132   0.78
British Colombia -1.088 c 455.08c -0.865 c 267.56c -0.721 c 157.04c -0.549 c 56.67c
n 37,555     33,425     28,805     18,315    
df 37     36     35     33    
Pseudo-r2 0.2930     0.2281     0.2017     0.1709    
LL -18,384.124     -17,557.372     -15,359.004     -10,098.682    
Chi-2 15,236.00 c   10,374.48 c   7,760.79 c   4,164.47 c  

Table I–4: Linear regressions for the log of employment earnings ( GARs, PSRs and GAR Quebec)
  1 2 3 5
Category Coeff. Sig Chi–2 Coeff. Sig Chi–2 Coeff. Sig Chi–2 Coeff. Sig Chi–2
Intercept 8.646 c   9.022 c   9.1305 c   9.370 c  
Cohorts     11.70c     8.52c     7.78c     8.05c
2000 -0.131 c 33.53c -0.108 c 22.97c -0.0981 c 20.69c -0.078 c 13.45c
2001 -0.119 c 28.45c -0.127 c 32.13c -0.1022 c 23.03c -0.073 c 11.95c
2002 -0.155 c 45.62c -0.107 c 22.22c -0.0698 b 10.58b ref.  ref. ref.
2003 -0.120 c 29.70c -0.060 b 7.38b -0.0319   2.33 – – –
2004 -0.086 c 15.56c -0.045 a 4.25a ref. ref. ref. – – –
2005 -0.029   1.68 ref. ref. ref. – – – – – –
2006 ref. ref. ref. – – – – – – – – –
2007 – – – – – – – – – – – –
Category (ref. GAR fed.)     981.91c     273.63c     135.12c     41.02c
PSR federal 0.606 c 1905.91c 0.34 c 516.11c 0.24 c 227.11c 0.170 c 64.89c
GAR Qc. -0.069   2.69 -0.087 a 5.35a -0.156 c 18.21c -0.123 b 8.26b
Gender (Ref. Women) 0.463 c 1443.47c 0.455 c 1286.33c 0.441 c 1082.40c 0.417 c 623.74c
Age at landing (Ref. 18-29 years old)     24.92c     17.97c     15.64c     13.28c
30-39 years old 0.055 c 15.49c 0.081 c 29.11c 0.044 b 7.92b 0.057 b 8.49b
40-49 years old -0.014   0.50 0.028   1.94 -0.008   0.14 0.008   0.09
50 years old and over -0.228 c 42.48c -0.135 c 13.72c -0.207 c 29.79c -0.235 c 24.21c
Education (Ref. None)     3.40a     9.06c     4.59b     11.52c
Secondary or less 0.058 b 7.66b 0.055 a 6.38a 0.050 a 4.80a 0.070 a 4.91a
Formal trade Cert. Or Apprenticeship, or Non-University Certificat or Diploma 0.081 b 9.62b 0.102 c 14.29c 0.101 c 12.88c 0.182 c 24.56c
Some University - No Degree, or Bachelor’s Degree or Some Post-Grad. Education - No Degree or Master’s Degree or Doctorate 0.062 a 5.80a -0.003   0.01 0.041   2.29 0.130 c 12.68c
Knowledge of official languages (Ref. Neither English nor French) 0.055 c 17.94c 0.025   3.11 0.048 b 10.04b 0.021   1.17
Marital Status (Ref. Single)     0.33     2.81     1.00     4.29a
Married or common law 0.005   0.15 -0.014   0.97 0.010   0.47 -0.005   0
Divorced. widowed. separated  0.019   0.65 -0.059 a 5.59a -0.024   0.82 -0.093 b 7.72b
Country/region of birth (Ref. Afghanistan)     42.45c     29.78c     31.23c     19.54c
Central America / Caribbean & Bermuda / South America 0.039   1.82 0.050   3.08 0.192 c 42.98c 0.265 c 49.73c
Northern, western, eastern and southern Europe (excluding Yugoslavia) 0.190 c 25.64c 0.300 c 64.50c 0.353 c 92.17c 0.395 c 103.22c
Western, Eastern, Central and Southern Africa (excluding: Ethiopia. Democratic republic of Somalia and Democratic Republic of Congo) 0.305 c 182.08c 0.263 c 118.39c 0.332 c 156.66c 0.263 c 55.97c
Northern Africa / West Central Asia and Middle East (excluding: Democratic Republic of Sudan, Iran, Iraq and Afghanistan) 0.157 b 8.29b 0.001   0.00 0.231 c 12.26c 0.273 b 9.07b
Eastern, South-East and South Asia (Excluding: Myanmar) 0.195 c 22.78c 0.177 c 14.29c 0.216 c 18.51c 0.133   3.13
Democratic Republic of Sudan 0.287 c 169.57c 0.174 c 56.80c 0.178 c 52.96c 0.090 b 7.93b
Yugoslavia 0.325 c 158.31c 0.271 c 112.80c 0.352 c 188.20c 0.265 c 90.65c
Iran -0.117 c 12.81c -0.111 c 11.55c -0.069 a 4.35a -0.053   1.79
Iraq 0.148 c 34.70c 0.096 c 13.08c 0.114 c 16.16c -0.030   0.77
Myanmar -0.003   0 0.326 c 39.86c 0.322 c 34.78c 0.237 a 5.53a
Democratic Republic of Somalia 0.235 c 40.63c 0.183 c 19.49c 0.181 c 15.71c -0.036   0.27
Ethiopia 0.367 c 274.02c 0.314 c 161.82c 0.296 c 120.05c 0.186 c 24.22c
Democratic Republic of Congo 0.194 c 25.84c 0.067   2.86 0.113 b 6.91b 0.186 b 10.22b
Province of residence (Ref. Alberta)     52.62c     31.95c     31.31c     26.55c
Atlantic -0.365 c 128.58c -0.251 c 48.02c -0.307 c 56.35c -0.231 c 15.44c
Quebec -0.375 c 70.78c -0.361 c 80.05c -0.317 c 64.56c -0.437 c 88.99c
Ontario -0.189 c 151.40c -0.171 c 107.80c -0.176 c 101.31c -0.214 c 94.02c
Manitoba -0.215 c 108.23c -0.139 c 36.88c -0.164 c 41.79c -0.195 c 32.63c
Saskatchewan -0.334 c 101.96c -0.274 c 53.20c -0.217 c 27.64c -0.288 c 24.84c
British Colombia -0.144 c 39.90c -0.101 c 18.04c -0.035   1.98 -0.104 c 11.40c
n 19,535     19,370     17,625     11,315    
df 37     36     35     33    
F 171.73 c   99.43 c   74.93 c   41.65 c  
r2 0.2458     0.1562     0.1298     0.1086    

Table I–5: Survival regression for exiting a first social assistance episode
  GARs All categories
Category Coeff. Sig Chi–2 Coeff. Sig Chi–2
Cohorts     7.24     6.81
2000 0.116   3.07 0.106   3.38
2001 0.107   2.600 0.096   2.76
2002 0.110   2.71 0.118 a 4.13a
2003 0.139 a 4.39a 0.125 a 4.65a
2004 0.124   3.46 0.100   2.93
2005 0.172 a 6.08a 0 a 5.45a
2006 ref. ref. ref. ref. ref. ref.
2007 – – – – – –
Category (ref. GAR fed.)           0.66
PSR federal       -0.01   0.07
GAR Qc.       -0.029   0.62
Gender (Ref. Women) 0.082 c 14.39c 0.037 a 4.12a
Age at landing (Ref. 18-29 years old)     807.92c     1005.75c
30-39 years old -0.298 c 159.31c -0.267 c 176.42c
40-49 years old -0.543 c 324.58c -0.483 c 364.60c
50 years old and over -1.271 c 636.68c -1.201 c 836.70c
Education (Ref. None)     35.10c     40.52c
Secondary or less 0.116 b 10.49b 0.097 b 10.58b
Formal trade Cert. Or Apprenticeship, or Non-University Certificat or Diploma 0.217 c 24.06c 0.196 c 28.56c
Some University - No Degree, or Bachelor’s Degree or Some Post-Grad. Education - No Degree or Master’s Degree or Doctorate 0.215 c 25.86c 0.183 c 27.54c
Knowledge of official languages (Ref. Neither English nor French) 0.084 c 13.91c 0.100 c 25.03c
Marital Status (Ref. Single)     546.11c     910.30c
Married or common law 0.354 c 229.06c 0.421 c 435.31c
Divorced. widowed. separated  -0.440 c 116.94c -0.407 c 139.64c
Country/region of birth (Ref. Afghanistan)     168.09c     265.58c
Central America / Caribbean & Bermuda / South America 0.234 c 22.17c 0.362 c 112.60c
Northern, western, eastern and southern Europe (excluding Yugoslavia) 0.360 c 42.84c 0.336 c 51.81c
Western, Eastern, Central and Southern Africa (excluding: Ethiopia. Democratic republic of Somalia and Democratic Republic of Congo) 0.323 c 59.66c 0.353 c 106.95c
Northern Africa / West Central Asia and Middle East (excluding: Democratic Republic of Sudan, Iran, Iraq and Afghanistan) 0.258 b 10.72b 0.288 c 17.29c
Eastern, South-East and South Asia (Excluding: Myanmar) 0.315 c 18.14c 0.356 c 25.90c
Democratic Republic of Sudan 0.167 c 24.30c 0.212 c 45.53c
Yugoslavia 0.201 c 31.84c 0.198 c 39.56c
Iran 0.231 c 33.93c 0.238 c 42.96c
Iraq -0.073   2.42 -0.029   0.54
Myanmar 0.403 c 30.21c 0.424 c 36.19c
Democratic Republic of Somalia 0.117   3.19 0.090   2.38
Ethiopia 0.399 c 44.00c 0.405 c 65.83c
Democratic Republic of Congo 0.153 a 4.46a 0.240 c 24.87c
Province of residence (Ref. Alberta)     222.36c     245.94c
Atlantic -0.179 b 9.82b -0.180 b 10.55b
Quebec -0.246 b 10.38b -0.230 c 32.01c
Ontario -0.322 c 170.68c -0.310 c 190.00c
Manitoba 0.015   0.13 0.021   0.30
Saskatchewan -0.217 c 13.12c -0.202 c 12.83c
British Colombia -0.048   2.14 -0.052   2.92
n 16,820     23,700    
events 10,795     14,845    
LL -97,614.975     -139,472.960    
Chi-2 2,567.43 c   3,547.17 c  

Note: a=p<0.05; b=p<0.01; c=p<0.001

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