Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality: Guideline Technical Document: N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)

Table of Contents

• Part I. Overview and Application
  • 1.0 Guideline
  • 2.0 Executive summary
    • 2.1 Health effects
    • 2.2 Exposure
    • 2.3 Treatment
  • 3.0 Application of the guideline
    • 3.1 Monitoring
• Part II. Science and Technical Considerations
  • 4.0 Identity, use, sources and fate in the environment
    • 4.1 Identity, uses and sources in the environment
    • 4.2 Environmental fate
  • 5.0 Exposure
    • 5.1 Water
    • 5.2 Air
    • 5.3 Food
    • 5.4 Consumer products
    • 5.5 Contribution of drinking water to total exposure
    • 5.6 Multi-route exposure through drinking water
      • 5.6.1 Dermal exposure
      • 5.6.2 Inhalation exposure
  • 6.0 Analytical methods
  • 7.0 Treatment considerations
    • 7.1 NDMA formation during disinfection
    • 7.2 Preventing NDMA formation
    • 7.3 Treatment technology
      • 7.3.1 Municipal scale
        • 7.3.1.1 UV irradiation and advanced oxidation
        • 7.3.1.2 Reverse osmosis and adsorption
    • 7.3.2 Residential scale
  • 8.0 Kinetics and metabolism
    • 8.1 Absorption
    • 8.2 Distribution and excretion
    • 8.3 Metabolism
  • 9.0 Health effects
    • 9.1 Effects in humans
      • 9.1.1 Acute and short-term toxicity
      • 9.1.2 Epidemiology: cancer effects
    • 9.2 Effects in experimental animals and in vitro
      • 9.2.1 Acute toxicity
      • 9.2.2 Short-term exposure
      • 9.2.3 Long-term exposure and carcinogenicity
      • 9.2.4 Genotoxicity and related end-points
      • 9.2.5 Reproductive and developmental toxicity
      • 9.2.6 Mode of action
  • 10.0 Classification and assessment
    • 10.1 International considerations
  • 11.0 Rationale
  • 12.0 References
  • Appendix A: List of acronyms

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