2022 Pulp and Paper Effluent Regulations annual report

Review notice

The information used in this report was submitted to Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) by regulated pulp and paper mills and off-site treatment facilities as required under section 7 of the Pulp and Paper Effluent Regulations (PPER) pursuant to the Fisheries Act. Environment and Climate Change Canada compiled this report to inform the regulated community, other stakeholders and the interested public on the PPER, for informational purposes only. For all purposes of interpreting and applying the law, users should consult the Pulp and Paper Effluent Regulations, as registered by the Clerk of the Privy Council and published in Part II of the Canada Gazette.

Executive summary

This report summarizes compliance and effluent discharge amounts of Canadian pulp and paper mills with respect to the selected standards prescribed by the Pulp and Paper Effluent Regulations (PPER), which came into force on May 7, 1992.

The data used in this report were provided to Environment and Climate Change Canada under section 9, 28, 29, and 30 of the Regulations, which requires mills to submit monthly reports to Environment and Climate Change Canada as well as environmental effects monitoring (EEM) reports on a designated cycle. The format for the monthly effluent reports is specified in Schedule II of the Regulations. The monthly effluent reports include:

• the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of BOD matter in effluent;
• the quantity of suspended solids in effluent;
• effluent volume; and
• summary results of rainbow trout acute lethality tests and Daphnia magna monitoring tests.

In 2022, 74 pulp and paper mills operating in Canada were subject to the Regulations. The self-reported data showed a high level of compliance, with 99% of results below the limits for suspended solids (SS) and biological oxygen demand (BOD), 98.7% of tests not acutely lethal to rainbow trout, and 98.5% of tests showing no effect on Daphnia magna.

The annual effluent loading from Canadian pulp and paper mills (SS released per tonne of production and kilograms of BOD released per tonne of production) remained stable at the national level, with a total of 2.82 kg/tonne of production of SS and 1.38 kg/tonne of production of BOD released to the environment in 2022.

Canadian pulp and paper mills subject to the PPER are required to conduct comprehensive environmental effects monitoring (EEM) studies. The EEM requirements consist of sublethal toxicity testing of mill final effluent and biological monitoring studies conducted in the receiving environment to assess potential impacts of effluent. Mill final effluents show sublethal toxicity impacts of growth and reproduction inhibition in laboratory test species in more than half of all tests conducted. The data from biological monitoring studies, submitted up until 2019 show that mill final effluents from 77% of the mills have impacts on receiving environments.

Introduction

The Pulp and Paper Effluent Regulations (PPER) were first published, under the Fisheries Act in 1971 to control discharges of deleterious substances and reduce the effects on fish and fish habitat that had been observed at pulp and paper mills across Canada at that time. By the late 1980s, Environment and Climate Change Canada had determined that the 1971 Regulations had not yielded all of the desired effluent quality improvements. The Government amended the PPER in 1992 to introduce enforceable effluent quality standards for all mills; a requirement for effluents to be non-acutely lethal to rainbow trout; and a requirement to conduct comprehensive environmental effects monitoring (EEM) studies to assess potential impacts of mill effluent on receiving environments.

The PPER set limits on the amounts of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) matter and suspended solids (SS) that may be deposited by pulp and paper mills, and prohibit deposits of effluents that are acutely lethal to rainbow trout. The PPER also set out monitoring and reporting requirements. The Regulations are administered by Environment and Climate Change Canada and apply to all pulp and paper mills in Canada. The full text of the Regulations outlining all the requirements is available online.

This report summarizes compliance, effluent quality data and environmental effects monitoring results up to and including 2022. Supplementary information on individual mills is provided in the appendices.

Overview of direct deposit mills subject to the PPER in 2022

In 2022, 74 pulp and paper mills depositing effluent directly into water frequented by fish in Canada were subject to the Regulations. These mills have a total of 116 outfall structures, which are structures through which effluent is conveyed from a mill to a location where it is deposited in water frequented by fish, or in any place from which it may enter such water, or to a wastewater treatment system. Mills are located in all provinces except for Prince Edward Island and Saskatchewan. No mills are located in the territories. A map illustrating each mill’s location is presented in Figure 1. A detailed list of mills is in Appendix A.

Figure 1: Distribution of Canadian mills in operation (2022)

Overview of annual compliance and discharge amounts over time

Table 1 shows compliance of self-reported data on suspended solids, BOD tests, acute lethality tests on rainbow trout, and effect on Daphnia magna tests. In addition, Table 1 shows the total suspended solids and BOD discharged annually under the PPER from 2006 to 2022.

Section 1: Compliance of direct deposit mills subject to the PPER in 2022

Analysis of the self-reported effluent data generated during 2022 by Canadian pulp and paper mills concluded that mills continued to have high rates of compliance with the effluent quality limits prescribed in the PPER. In 2022, compliance rates calculated from self-reported data were over 99% for SS and BOD, and 98.7% for the requirement that effluent not be acutely lethal to rainbow trout. Although not a regulatory compliance parameter, the effect on Daphnia magna test is reported. Should a Daphnia magna test be failed, a mill is then required to perform an additional acute lethality test. The percentage of passed tests for effect on Daphnia magna was 98.5%. Figure 2 shows compliance for effluent parameters in 2022, and Figure 3 shows compliance for effluent parameters from 2006 - 2022.

Figure 2: PPER effluent parameter compliance (2022)

Figure 3: PPER effluent parameter compliance over time (2006 - 2022)

Section 2: Regulatory data summary of direct deposit mills subject to the PPER in 2022

Analysis of the self-reported effluent data generated during 2022 by Canadian pulp and paper mills showed mills deposited 1,206 million cubic metres of effluent, 46.1 kilotonnes of suspended solids and 22.6 kilotonnes of BOD matter. Figure 4 illustrates total releases from all Canadian mills in 2022. Figures 5 and 6 below demonstrate the total annual release of BOD and SS by Canadian pulp and paper mill effluent at the national level from 2006 to 2022.

Figure 4: Total deleterious substances and effluent deposited by Canadian mills subject to the PPER in 2022

Figure 5: Annual release of BOD by Canadian pulp and paper mill effluent over time (2006 to 2022) 

Figure 6: Annual release of SS by Canadian pulp and paper mill effluent over time (2006 to 2022)

Figures 7 and 8 demonstrates the annual effluent loading, kilograms of BOD and SS released per tonne of production, in Canadian pulp and paper mill effluent at the national level from 2006 to 2022.

Figure 7: Annual loading of BOD by Canadian pulp and paper mill effluent over time (2006 to 2022)

Figure 8: Annual loading of SS by Canadian pulp and paper mill effluent over time (2006 to 2022)

Figure 9 demonstrates both the effluent volume released on an annual basis (effluent efficiency) by Canadian pulp and paper mills, compared to the total effluent volume released per tonne of production of all Canadian pulp and paper mills from 2006 to 2022. Effluent volume has decreased since 2006, and effluent volume per tonne of production has increased.

Figure 9: Total effluent volume and total effluent released per tonne of production by Canadian pulp and paper mills over time (2006 to 2022)

Figure 10 represents the total number of instances where effluent was found to be acutely lethal to rainbow trout, and the total number of times effluent had an effect on Daphnia magna by Canadian pulp and paper mill effluent from 2006 to 2022.

Figure 10: Total number of failures of acute lethality (rainbow trout) and Daphnia magna testing by Canadian pulp and paper mill effluent over time (2006 to 2022)

Section 3: Environmental effects monitoring results

Environmental effects monitoring (EEM) is a science-based, performance measurement tool used to collect information for assessing the effectiveness of effluent regulations in achieving objectives of protecting water quality that sustains fish, fish habitat, and the use of fisheries resources. The EEM requirements in the PPER consists of sublethal toxicity testing of mill final effluent and biological monitoring studies conducted to assess potential impacts of effluent on receiving environments and to determine the cause of and identify solutions for any observed impacts. Information gained through sublethal toxicity testing supports the interpretation of biological monitoring study results. Biological monitoring studies are presently conducted every three years over a period of three years, and there have been nine study periods since the EEM requirements came into force in 1992. Data obtained through PPER EEM requirements are summarized below. More detailed information for each mill is listed in Appendix C.

Sublethal toxicity of final effluent

Mills are required to conduct sublethal toxicity (SLT) testing on final effluent. These tests assess the non-lethal (sublethal) impacts of effluent on growth and reproduction of plant and invertebrate species. The measurement used to assess sublethal impacts is the effluent concentration that causes a 25% reduction in growth or reproduction in test organisms, known as the inhibiting concentration (IC₂₅). If a 100% concentration of effluent causes less than a 25% inhibition, the effluent is reported as showing no sublethal toxicity for that test. Starting in 1992, sublethal toxicity testing has been conducted twice a year by all Canadian mills in production or once a year if the mill released effluent on fewer than 120 days in that calendar year. Figure 11 depicts the percentage of sublethal toxicity tests conducted during each of the biological monitoring study periods where sublethal toxicity was reported.

Figure 11: Percentage of tests showing sublethal toxicity during each biological monitoring study period (number of tests conducted)^{Footnote 2}

Biological monitoring studies

Biological monitoring studies are conducted to assess and investigate^{Footnote 3} effects in three components: fish health, fish habitat and human usability of fisheries resources. To assess effects of mill effluent on fish health and/or habitat, biological monitoring studies are conducted to compare statistical differences between data collected in an area exposed to mill effluent to data from a similar area not exposed to mill effluent^{Footnote 4}. For human usability of fisheries resources, fish tissue data from the exposure area are assessed against an established threshold for chlorinated dioxins and furans. If mill effluent has an effect on any one or more of the 3 components, the biological monitoring studies determine the cause of the effect and then identify solutions to eliminate the effect.

Data from the first eight biological monitoring study periods have been reviewed, while data review for the ninth study period is in progress. Figure 12 depicts the percentage of these mills for which effluent is designated as showing effects or showing an absence of effects based on all studies conducted as of 2019. A percentage of mills are not required to conduct biological monitoring studies because the mill’s effluent dilutes to less than 1% at a distance of 100 meters from where the effluent is released into the environment.

Figure 12: Percent effects designation for Canadian mills in operation (as of 2019)^{Footnote 5}

The prevalent effects on fish are due to increased nutrient levels in the receiving environment, sometimes combined with an effect on reproduction (reduced fish gonad size). The primary effects on fish habitat, measured by assessing benthic invertebrate communities, are associated with eutrophication from nutrient enrichment.

Appendix A: Overview of Canadian direct deposit mills subject to the PPER (2022)

1. QC01 - Sappi: Matane, QC - 400 Rue du Port, Matane, G4W 3P6
   • Receiving Environment: Saint-Lawrence River
   • 1 Outfall(s): Final Effluent - Biological Treatment
2. QC02 - Papiers White Birch - F.F. Soucy: Riviere-du-Loup, QC - 191 Delage Street, Rivière-du-Loup, G5R 6E2
   • Receiving Environment: Rivière Du Loup
   • 1 Outfall(s): Final Effluent - 1 - EF
3. QC03 - Cascades: Cabano, QC - 520 Rue Commerciale N, Témiscouata-sur-le-Lac, G0L 1E0
   • Receiving Environment: Cabano River
   • 1 Outfall(s): Final Effluent - Mix of 2 Effluents: biologically treated and untreated process water
4. QC04 - Resolute Forest Products: Alma, QC - 1100 Melancon West Street, Alma, G8B 5R7
   • Receiving Environment: Petite Décharge River
   • 1 Outfall(s): Final Effluent
5. QC05 - Resolute Forest Products: Kénogami, QC - 3750 Champlain Street, Jonquière, G7S 5J7
   • Receiving Environment: Saguenay River
   • 1 Outfall(s): Final Effluent - 1
6. QC06 - Fibrek: Saint-Félicien, QC - 4000 Rte. St. Eusebe, St. Félicien, G8K 2R6
   • Receiving Environment: Mistassini & Ashuapmushuan Rivers
   • 7 Outfall(s):
     1. Final Effluent - Ashuapmushaun River (site 61) with combination
     2. Final Effluent - Ashuapmushaun River (site 61) without combination
     3. Final Effluent - Mistassini River (site 01) with combination
     4. Final Effluent - Mistassini River (site 01) without combination
     5. Final Effluent Cooling Water - Ashuapmushaun River (site 61)
     6. Non-treated Effluent (site 21)
     7. Treated Effluent - Biological Treatment (site 11)
7. QC07 - Resolute Forest Products: Dolbeau, QC - 1, 4e Avenue, Dolbeau, G8L 2R4
   • Receiving Environment: Mistassini River
   • 1 Outfall(s): Final Effluent
8. QC08 - BP Canada: Pont Rouge, QC - 420 Rue Dupont, Pont Rouge, G3H 1S2
   • Receiving Environment: Jacques-Cartier River
   • 1 Outfall(s): Final Effluent
9. QC09 - MPI Moulin: Portneuf, QC - 200 Rue du Moulin, Portneuf, G0A 2Y0
   • Receiving Environment: Portneuf River
   • 1 Outfall(s): Final Effluent
10. QC10 - Papiers White Birch: Stadacona, QC - 10 Boulevard des Capucins, Stadacona, G1J 3R4
    • Receiving Environment: Saint-Lawrence River
    • 1 Outfall(s): Final Effluent
11. QC11 - Resolute Forest Products: Clermont, QC - 100 Rue Donohue, Clermont, G4A 1A7
    • Receiving Environment: Malbaie River
    • 1 Outfall(s): Final Effluent
12. QC12 - Cascades: Kingsey Falls, QC - 467 Boulevard Marie-Victorin, Kingsey Falls, J0A 1B0
    • Receiving Environment: Nicolet River
    • 1 Outfall(s): Final Effluent
13. QC14 - Westrock: La Tuque, QC - 1000 Chemin De L'Usine, La Tuque, G9X 3P8
    • Receiving Environment: St-Maurice River
    • 1 Outfall(s): Final Effluent - 1 EF
14. QC15 - Kruger - Wayagamack: Trois-Rivières, QC - Chemin de l'ile-de-la-Potherie, Trois-Rivières, G9A 5E9
    • Receiving Environment: Saint-Lawrence & St-Maurice River
    • 3 Outfall(s):
      1. Final Effluent - Outfall #1
      2. Final Effluent - Outfall #5
      3. Final Effluent - Biological Treatment
15. QC16 - Kruger: Trois-Rivières, QC - 3735 Blvd Gene H. Kruger, Trois-Rivières, G9A 6B1
    • Receiving Environment: Saint-Lawrence River
    • 1 Outfall(s): Final Effluent
16. QC17 - Domtar: Windsor, QC - 609 12e Rang, Windsor, J1S 2L9
    • Receiving Environment: Saint-François River
    • 1 Outfall(s): Final Effluent
17. QC18 - Kruger: Brompton, QC - 220 route de Windsor, Sherbrooke, J1C 0E6
    • Receiving Environment: Saint-François River
    • 1 Outfall(s): Final Effluent
18. QC19 - Kruger: Sherbrooke, QC - 2888 Rue du College, Sherbrooke, J1M 1Z4
    • Receiving Environment: Massawippi River
    • 1 Outfall(s): Final Effluent
19. QC20 - Resolute Forest Products: Gatineau, QC - 79 Rue Main, Gatineau, J8P 4C8
    • Receiving Environment: Ottawa River
    • 1 Outfall(s): Final Effluent
20. QC21 - Papiers White Birch - Papiers Masson: Gatineau, QC - 2 Chemin de Montréal O, Gatineau, J8M 1A4
    • Receiving Environment: Ottawa River
    • 1 Outfall(s): Final Effluent
21. QC22 - Fortress Specialty Cellulose: Thurso, QC - 451 Rue Victoria, Thurso, J0X 3B0
    • Receiving Environment: Ottawa River
    • 1 Outfall(s): Final Effluent
22. QC23 - Kruger: Gatineau, QC - 20 Laurier St, Gatineau, J8X 4H3
    • Receiving Environment: Ottawa River
    • 1 Outfall(s): Final Effluent
23. QC24 - Resolute Forest Products: Amos, QC - 801 Rue des Papetiers, Amos, J9T 3X5
    • Receiving Environment: Harricana River
    • 1 Outfall(s): Final Effluent
24. QC25 - Rayonier: Témiscaming, QC - 33 Chemin Kipawa, Temiscaming, J0Z 3R0
    • Receiving Environment: Ottawa River
    • 3 Outfall(s):
      1. Final Effluent - North-South (4EF)
      2. Final Effluent - Biological Treatment (3-EF)
      3. Final Cooling Water Effluent - Gordon Creek (61-ER)
25. QC26 - Resolute Forest Products: Baie-Comeau, QC - 20 Avenue Marquette, Baie Comeau, G4Z 1K6
    • Receiving Environment: Saint-Lawrence River
    • 1 Outfall(s): Final Effluent
26. QC27 - Nordic Kraft: Lebel-sur-Quévillon, QC - 30 Chemin du Moulin, Lebel-sur-Quévillon, J0Y 1X0
    • Receiving Environment: Quévillon River
    • 2 Outfall(s):
      1. Final Effluent - 01 – EF
      2. Final Cooling Water Effluent - 01
27. QC28 - Sustana Fiber: Breakyville, QC - 3805 St. Augustin Avenue, Breakeyville, G0S 1E2
    • Receiving Environment: Chaudière River
    • 1 Outfall(s): Final
28. QC29 - Kruger: Crabtree, QC - 100 1re Av, Crabtree, J0K 1B0
    • Receiving Environment: Ouareau River
    • 1 Outfall(s): Final Effluent Municipal Treatment
29. QC30 - Cascades: Lachute, QC - 115 Rue Princesse, Lachute, J8H 4M3
    • Receiving Environment: Rivière Du Nord
    • 2 Outfall(s):
      1. Final Effluent - with Combination
      2. Final Effluent - without Combination
30. QC31 - Enterprises Rolland: St. Jerome, QC - 256 Jean-Baptiste-Rolland Blvd., Saint-Jerome, J7Y 3Z7
    • Receiving Environment: Rivière Du Nord
    • 1 Outfall(s): Final Effluent
31. AB01 - Alberta Newsprint: Whitecourt, AB - Postal Bag 9000 10km West, Hwy 43, Whitecourt, T7S 0A1
    • Receiving Environment: Athabasca River
    • 1 Outfall(s): Polishing Basin Outlet (Pumphouse)
32. AB02 - Alberta Pacific Forest Industries: Boyle, AB - Range Road 195A, Boyle, T0A 0M0
    • Receiving Environment: Athabasca River
    • 1 Outfall(s): PF-140119
33. AB03 - Mercer Celgar: Peace River, AB - 1 Pulp Mill Site Road, Peace River, T8S 1V7
    • Receiving Environment: Peace River
    • 2 Outfall(s):
      1. Post Aeration Chamber (PAC)
      2. Combined Chiller-Cooling Water
34. AB05 - Millar Western: Whitecourt, AB - 5004 52 St, Whitecourt, T7S 1N2
    • Receiving Environment: Athabasca River
    • 2 Outfall(s):
      1. 218 Final Effluent
      2. Non-Contact Cooling Water (NCCW)
35. AB06 - West Fraser: Slave Lake, AB - East, W Mitsue Ind Rd, Slave Lake, T0G 2A0
    • Receiving Environment: Lesser Slave River
    • 1 Outfall(s): Reaeration Discharge
36. AB07 - International Paper: Grande Prairie, AB - Grande Prairie County No. 1, Grande Prairie, T8V 3A9
    • Receiving Environment: Wapiti River
    • 1 Outfall(s): Final Effluent Outfall
37. AB08 - West Fraser: Hinton, AB - 760 Switzer Drive, Hinton, T7V 1V7
    • Receiving Environment: Athabasca River
    • 1 Outfall(s): Combined Final Effluent
38. MB02 - Canadian Kraft Paper Industries: The Pas, MB - MB-285, The Pas, R9A 1L4
    • Receiving Environment: Saskatchewan River
    • 1 Outfall(s): Lagoon Outfall
39. NB01 - AV Group: Atholville, NB - 175 Mill Ch., Atholville, E3N 4S7
    • Receiving Environment: Restigouche River
    • 3 Outfall(s):
      1. Final Effluent Parshall Flume
      2. Storm Sewer East
      3. Storm Sewer South
40. NB03 - Twin Rivers Paper: Edmunston, NB - 27 Rue Rice, Edmunston, E3V 1S9
    • Receiving Environment: Saint John River
    • 3 Outfall(s):
      1. Final Effluent
      2. Groundwood Mill Grinder
      3. Surface Condenser
41. NB06 - Irving (Paper): Saint John, NB - 435 Bayside Drive, Saint John, E2J 1B2
    • Receiving Environment: Courtenay Bay
    • 3 Outfall(s):
      1. ASB Final to Courtenay Bay
      2. Chip Yard Storm Sewer
      3. Wetwell Emergency Outfall
42. NB07 - Irving (Pulp and Paper): Saint John, NB - 408 Mill Road, Saint John, E2M 3H1
    • Receiving Environment: Saint John River
    • 5 Outfall(s):
      1. Cooling Water
      2. Finishing Room
      3. Hog and Press
      4. Main Mill
      5. Tissue Mill
43. NB08 - Irving: Lake Utopia, NB - 600 NB-785, Utopia, E5C 2K4
    • Receiving Environment: L'Étang Estuary
    • 1 Outfall(s): Parshall Flume
44. NB09 - AV Group: Nackawic, NB - 103 Pinder Road, Nackawic, E6G 1W4
    • Receiving Environment: Saint John River
    • 1 Outfall(s): Effluent Discharge to Saint John River
45. NF03 - Kruger: Corner Brook, NF - 1 Mill Road, Corner Brook, A2H 6B9
    • Receiving Environment: Humber Arm
    • 3 Outfall(s):
      1. Combined West Sewer
      2. East Sewer
      3. Main AST Outfall
46. NS01 - Maibec: East River, NS - 2005 Highway 3, East Chester, B0J 1T0
    • Receiving Environment: Little East River
    • 1 Outfall(s): Rous Point
47. NS03 - CKF Incorporated: Hansport, NS - 48 Prince Street, Hantsport, B0P 1P0
    • Receiving Environment: Avon River
    • 1 Outfall(s): CKF Outfall
48. NS04 - Paper Excellence: Northern Pulp, NS - 260 Granton Abercrombie Branch Road, Pictou County, B2H 5E8
    • Receiving Environment: Boat Harbour Basin and Northumberland Strait
    • 2 Outfall(s):
      1. Northern Pulp Nova Scotia Outfall (Point C) - Boat Harbour Basin
      2. Point D - Northumberland Strait
49. NS06 - Port Hawkesbury Paper: Port Hawkesbury, NS - 120 Pulp Mill Road, Port Hawkesbury, B9A 1A1
    • Receiving Environment: Strait of Canso
    • 2 Outfall(s):
      1. Clearwell
      2. Main
50. ON05 - Domtar: Dryden, ON - 1 Duke Street, Dryden, P8N 2Z7
    • Receiving Environment: Wabigoon River
    • 3 Outfall(s):
      1. Final Effluent
      2. Pumphouse Cooling Water
      3. Standpipe Creek Cooling Water
51. ON06 - Resolute Forest Products: Thunder Bay, ON - 2001 Neebing Avenue, Thunder Bay, P7E 6S3
    • Receiving Environment: Kaministiquia River
    • 3 Outfall(s):
      1. Combined Mill
      2. Kraft Clean Water
      3. News Clean Water
52. ON07 - Bioveld Canada: Thorold, ON - 2 Allanburg Road, Thorold, L2V 3Z5
    • Receiving Environment: Welland Canal
    • 1 Outfall(s): Combined Effluent
53. ON11 - Cascades: Trenton, ON - 300 Marmora Street, Trenton, K8V 5R8
    • Receiving Environment: Trent River
    • 1 Outfall(s): Total Mill Effluent
54. ON12 - Domtar: Espanola, ON - 1 Station Road, Espanola, P5E 1R6
    • Receiving Environment: Spanish River
    • 2 Outfall(s):
      1. Main Sewer
      2. Warm Water Tank Overflow
55. ON15 - Dunn Paper: St. Catharines, ON - 45 Merritt Street, St. Catharines, L2T 1J4
    • Receiving Environment: Welland Canal
    • 1 Outfall(s): Polishing Basin
56. ON17 - AV Group: Terrace Bay, ON - 21 Mill Road, Terrace Bay, P0T 2W0
    • Receiving Environment: Lake Superior
    • 3 Outfall(s):
      1. Backflush
      2. Cooling Water
      3. Final Effluent
57. ON21 - Rayonier: Kapuskasing, ON - 1 Government Road E, Kapuskasing, P5N 2Y2
    • Receiving Environment: Kapuskasing River
    • 1 Outfall(s): Combined Effluent Outfall
58. ON23 - Sonoco: Trent Valley, ON - Trenton Frankford Road, Trenton, K0K 2C0
    • Receiving Environment: Trent River
    • 1 Outfall(s): Final Effluent
59. ON24 - Strathcona Paper: Napanee, ON - 77 County Road 16 R.R. #7, Napanee, K7R 3L2
    • Receiving Environment: Napanee River
    • 4 Outfall(s):
      1. Boiler Room Raw Water Drain (Cooling Water #2)
      2. Cooling Water (CW1)
      3. Final Process Effluent
      4. Raw Water Drain (Cooling Water #1)
60. PY01 - Catalyst: Crofton, BC - 8541 Hay Road, Crofton, V0R 1R0
    • Receiving Environment: Stuart Channel
    • 2 Outfall(s):
      1. Catalyst Paper (1) at Crofton
      2. Catalyst Paper (2) at Crofton
61. PY02 - Paper Excellence: Howe Sound, BC - 3838 Port Mellon Highway, Port Mellon, V0N 2S0
    • Receiving Environment: Thornbrough Channel
    • 2 Outfall(s):
      1. Howe Sound Pulp and Paper (1) at Port Mellon
      2. Howe Sound Pulp and Paper (2) at Port Mellon
62. PY05 - Catalyst: Port Alberni, BC - 4000 Stamp Avenue, Port Alberni, V9Y 5J7
    • Receiving Environment: Alberni Inlet
    • 1 Outfall(s): Catalyst Paper at Port Alberni
63. PY07 - Catalyst: Powell River, BC - 5775 Ash Avenue, Powell River, V8A 4R3
    • Receiving Environment: Malaspina Strait
    • 5 Outfall(s):
      1. Catalyst Paper (1) at Powell River
      2. Catalyst Paper (2) at Powell River
      3. Catalyst Paper (3) at Powell River
      4. Catalyst Paper (4) at Powell River
      5. Catalyst Paper (5) at Powell River (Virtual)
64. PY12 - Paper Excellence: Mackenzie, BC - 1000 Coquawaldy Road, Mackenzie, V0J 2C0
    • Receiving Environment: Williston Lake
    • 2 Outfall(s):
      1. MacKenzie Pulp (1) at MacKenzie
      2. MacKenzie Pulp (2) at MacKenzie
65. PY13 - Cariboo Pulp and Paper: Quesnel, BC - 50 North Star Road, Quesnel, V2J 3J6
    • Receiving Environment: Fraser River
    • 1 Outfall(s): Cariboo Pulp and Paper at Quesnel
66. PY14 - Paper Excellence: Skookumchuck, BC - 4501 Farstad Way, Skookumchuck, V0B 2E0
    • Receiving Environment: Kootenay River
    • 1 Outfall(s): Tembec Pulp and Paper at Skookumchuk
67. PY17 - Canfor - Northwood Pulp: Prince George, BC - 5353 Northwood Pulp Road, Prince George, V2L 4W2
    • Receiving Environment: Fraser River
    • 1 Outfall(s): Northwood Pulp and Timber at Prince George
68. PY18 - Mercer Celgar: Castlegar, BC - 1921 Arrow Lakes Drive, Castlegar, V1N 3H9
    • Receiving Environment: Columbia River
    • 1 Outfall(s): Celgar Pulp at Castlegar
69. PY19 - Canfor - PGI: Prince George, BC - 2533 Prince George Pulpmill Road, Prince George, V2N 2K3
    • Receiving Environment: Fraser River
    • 1 Outfall(s): Canadian Forest Products at Prince George
70. PY20 - Quesnel River Pulp: Quesnel, BC - 1000 Finning Road, Quesnel, V2J 6A1
    • Receiving Environment: Fraser River
    • 1 Outfall(s): Quesnel River Pulp at Quesnel
71. PY21 - Kruger: New Westminster, BC - 1625 5th Avenue, New Westminster, V3M 1Z7
    • Receiving Environment: Fraser River Estuary
    • 1 Outfall(s): Kruger Products Limited at New Westminster
72. PY22 - Kruger: Kamloops, BC - 2005 Mission Flats Road, Kamloops, V2C 1A9
    • Receiving Environment: Thompson River
    • 1 Outfall(s): Domtar at Kamloops
73. PY25 - Canfor: Taylor, BC - 8300 Cherry Avenue East, Taylor, V0C 2K0
    • Receiving Environment: Peace River
    • 1 Outfall(s): Taylor Pulp and Paper at Taylor
74. PY26 - Nanaimo Forest Products: Harmac, BC - 1000 Wave Place, Nanaimo, V9X 1J2
    • Receiving Environment: Northumberland Channel
    • 1 Outfall(s): Harmac Pulp at Nanaimo

Appendix B: Annual effluent data for Canadian direct deposit mills subject to the PPER (2022)

Appendix C: Sublethal toxicity (SLT) values for Canadian mills in operation

Appendix D: Effect designations for Canadian mills in operation (as of 2019)

1. QC01 - Sappi: Matane, QC - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: no effect, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
2. QC02 - Papiers White Birch - F.F. Soucy: Rivière-du-Loup, QC - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
3. QC03 - Cascades: Cabano, QC - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
4. QC04 - Resolute Forest Products: Alma, QC - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
5. QC05 - Resolute Forest Products: Kénogami, QC - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: no effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
6. QC06 - Fibrek: Saint-Félicien, QC - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
7. QC07 - Resolute Forest Products: Dolbeau, QC - Overall: monitoring not required, Fish Habitat: monitoring not required, Fish Population: monitoring not required, Fish Tissue: no effect
8. QC08 - BP Canada: Pont Rouge, QC - Overall: monitoring not required, Fish Habitat: monitoring not required, Fish Population: monitoring not required, Fish Tissue: no effect
9. QC09 - MPI Moulin: Portneuf, QC - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
10. QC10 - Papiers White Birch: Stadacona, QC - Overall: monitoring not required, Fish Habitat: monitoring not required, Fish Population: monitoring not required, Fish Tissue: no effect
11. QC11 - Resolute Forest Products: Clermont, QC - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
12. QC12 - Cascades: Kingsey Falls, QC - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
13. QC14 - Westrock: La Tuque, QC - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
14. QC15 - Kruger - Wayagamack: Trois-Rivières, QC - Overall: monitoring not required, Fish Habitat: monitoring not required, Fish Population: monitoring not required, Fish Tissue: no effect
15. QC16 - Kruger: Trois-Rivières, QC - Overall: monitoring not required, Fish Habitat: monitoring not required, Fish Population: monitoring not required, Fish Tissue: no effect
16. QC17 - Domtar: Windsor, QC - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
17. QC18 - Kruger: Brompton, QC - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
18. QC19 - Kruger: Sherbrooke, QC - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: studies inconclusive, Fish Tissue: no effect
19. QC20 - Resolute Forest Products: Gatineau, QC - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
20. QC21 - Papiers White Birch - Papiers Masson: Gatineau, QC - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
21. QC22 - Fortress Specialty Cellulose: Thurso, QC - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
22. QC23 - Kruger: Gatineau, QC - Overall: monitoring not required, Fish Habitat: monitoring not required, Fish Population: monitoring not required, Fish Tissue: no effect
23. QC24 - Resolute Forest Products: Amos, QC - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
24. QC25 - Rayonier: Témiscaming, QC - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
25. QC26 - Resolute Forest Products: Baie-Comeau, QC - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
26. QC27 - Nordic Kraft: Lebel-sur-Quévillon, QC - Overall: not operational in 2019, Fish Habitat: not operational in 2019, Fish Population: not operational in 2019, Fish Tissue: not operational in 2019
27. QC28 - Sustana Fiber: Breakyville, QC - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
28. QC29 - Kruger: Crabtree, QC - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
29. QC30 - Cascades: Lachute, QC - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: monitoring not required, Fish Tissue: no effect
30. QC31 - Enterprises Rolland: St. Jerome, QC - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
31. AB01 - Alberta Newsprint: Whitecourt, AB - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: monitoring not required, Fish Tissue: no effect
32. AB02 - Alberta Pacific Forest Industries: Boyle, AB - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
33. AB03 - Mercer Celgar: Peace River, AB - Overall: monitoring not required, Fish Habitat: monitoring not required, Fish Population: monitoring not required, Fish Tissue: no effect
34. AB05 - Millar Western: Whitecourt, AB - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: monitoring not required, Fish Tissue: no effect
35. AB06 - West Fraser: Slave Lake, AB - Overall: no effect, Fish Habitat: no effect, Fish Population: monitoring not required, Fish Tissue: no effect
36. AB07 - International Paper: Grande Prairie, AB - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
37. AB08 - West Fraser: Hinton, AB - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: no effect, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
38. MB02 - Canadian Kraft Paper Industries: The Pas, MB - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
39. NB01 - AV Group: Atholville, NB - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: studies inconclusive, Fish Tissue: no effect
40. NB03 - Twin Rivers Paper: Edmunston, NB - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
41. NB06 - Irving (Paper): Saint John, NB - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: studies inconclusive, Fish Tissue: no effect
42. NB07 - Irving (Pulp and Paper): Saint John, NB - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: studies inconclusive, Fish Population: studies inconclusive, Fish Tissue: no effect
43. NB08 - Irving: Lake Utopia, NB - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: studies inconclusive, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
44. NB09 - AV Group: Nackawic, NB - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
45. NF03 - Kruger: Corner Brook, NF - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
46. NS01 - Maibec: East River, NS - Overall: monitoring not required, Fish Habitat: monitoring not required, Fish Population: monitoring not required, Fish Tissue: no effect
47. NS03 - CKF Incorporated: Hansport, NS - Overall: monitoring not required, Fish Habitat: monitoring not required, Fish Population: monitoring not required, Fish Tissue: no effect
48. NS04 - Paper Excellence: Northern Pulp, NS - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
49. NS06 - Port Hawkesbury Paper: Port Hawkesbury, NS - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
50. ON05 - Domtar: Dryden, ON - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
51. ON06 - Resolute Forest Products: Thunder Bay, ON - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
52. ON07 - Bioveld Canada.: Thorold, ON - Overall: not operational in 2022, Fish Habitat: not operational in 2022, Fish Population: not operational in 2022, Fish Tissue: not operational in 2022
53. ON11 - Cascades: Trenton, ON - Overall: monitoring not required, Fish Habitat: monitoring not required, Fish Population: monitoring not required, Fish Tissue: no effect
54. ON12 - Domtar: Espanola, ON - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
55. ON15 - Dunn Paper: St. Catharines, ON - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
56. ON17 - AV Group: Terrace Bay, ON - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
57. ON21 - Rayonier: Kapuskasing, ON - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
58. ON23 - Sonoco: Trent Valley, ON - Overall: monitoring not required, Fish Habitat: monitoring not required, Fish Population: monitoring not required, Fish Tissue: no effect
59. ON24 - Strathcona Paper: Napanee, ON - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
60. PY01 - Catalyst: Crofton, BC - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: effect
61. PY02 - Paper Excellence: Howe Sound, BC - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: no effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
62. PY05 - Catalyst: Port Alberni, BC - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: no effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
63. PY07 - Catalyst: Powell River, BC - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: monitoring not required, Fish Tissue: no effect
64. PY12 - Paper Excellence: Mackenzie, BC - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: monitoring not required, Fish Tissue: no effect
65. PY13 - Cariboo Pulp and Paper: Quesnel, BC - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: no effect, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
66. PY14 - Paper Excellence: Skookumchuck, BC - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
67. PY17 - Canfor - Northwood Pulp: Prince George, BC - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: no effect, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
68. PY18 - Mercer Celgar: Castlegar, BC - Overall: no effect, Fish Habitat: no effect, Fish Population: no effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
69. PY19 - Canfor - PGI: Prince George, BC - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: no effect, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
70. PY20 - Quesnel River Pulp: Quesnel, BC - Overall: monitoring not required, Fish Habitat: monitoring not required, Fish Population: monitoring not required, Fish Tissue: no effect
71. PY21 - Kruger: New Westminster, BC - Overall: monitoring not required, Fish Habitat: monitoring not required, Fish Population: monitoring not required, Fish Tissue: no effect
72. PY22 - Kruger: Kamloops, BC - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: effect, Fish Tissue: no effect
73. PY25 - Canfor: Taylor, BC - Overall: monitoring not required, Fish Habitat: monitoring not required, Fish Population: monitoring not required, Fish Tissue: no effect
74. PY26 - Nanaimo Forest Products: Harmac, BC - Overall: effect, Fish Habitat: effect, Fish Population: monitoring not required, Fish Tissue: no effect

List of acronyms and abbreviations

BOD

biochemical oxygen demand

EEM

environmental effects monitoring

kT

kilo tonnes

PPER

Pulp and Paper Effluent Regulations

SLT

sublethal toxicity

SS

suspended solids