Citizenship of Applicants and External Appointments from April 1, 2017 to March 31, 2023

Objective

This report examines how frequently, in comparison to Canadian citizens (referred to here as “citizens”), permanent residents and non-Canadian citizens (“non-citizens”) apply to and are appointed to federal government positions that are advertised to the public. The report also explores the employment equity representation of citizens, non-citizens and permanent resident applicants as well as those that are hired externally.

According to the Employment Equity Act, employment equity aims to achieve equality in the workplace and to correct conditions of disadvantage in employment for the 4 employment equity groups: women, Indigenous Peoples^{Footnote 1}, persons with disabilities and members of visible minorities. Non-citizens are eligible to work in the federal public service, whether they are permanent residents or not. However, prior to the amendments to the Public Service Employment Act (PSEA) in 2021, citizens were given preference over non-citizens in advertised external appointment processes for federal government jobs. The 2021 amendments to the PSEA now give equal preference to citizens and permanent residents in those external advertised appointments. This was intended to remove potential barriers to employment from the hiring process and to provide a level playing field at the federal level for permanent residents.

These changes are reflected in the current report, which extends the results of the previous report by two years, from March 31, 2021 to March 31, 2023, and which details changes in trends following the amendments to the Act. Please note that this report analyzes the trends of applicants and external hires by citizenship status; it is not intended to analyze the impact of the amendments specifically on permanent residents. The impact of the amendments on permanent resident hiring will be explored in a future separate report.

Key takeaways

The scope of this report covers the fiscal years^{Footnote 2} between April 1, 2017 and March 31, 2023. Results show the following:

• Most non-citizen applicants and external hires are permanent residents.
• Permanent residents represent a growing number and share of total applicants and external hires.
• Despite increases in permanent resident recruitment, their share of hires is smaller than their share of applicants.
• Applicants who identify themselves as visible minorities are more likely to be non-citizens than their non-visible minorities counterparts. Further, non-citizens are less likely to be hired than citizens.
• As a result, there are fewer non-citizen visible minority applicants that are appointed.
• For all employment equity groups, non-citizens represented a higher share of applicants for men than for women.

Citizenship status of applicants and external appointments

• In 2022 to 2023, there were 348,520 unique applicants to jobs open to the public on the GC jobs website, a decrease from 375,473 in 2020 to 2021 (see Annex 2, Table A2-1).
• The share of non-citizen applicants to jobs advertised to the public increased from 17.1% (64,184) in 2020 to 2021 to 25.1% (87,407) in 2022 to 2023.
• In 2022 to 2023, there were 24,727 external appointments (external hires) from jobs open to the public for which citizenship could be identified, an increase from 19,065 in 2020 to 2021.
• Canadian citizens accounted for 92.2% (22,786) of all external appointments in 2022 to 2023.
• Non-citizen hires in 2022 to 2023 accounted for 7.8% (1,941) of the total, an increase from the share in 2020 to 2021 (2.5%, 471).
• Although preference in appointment of Canadian citizens and permanent residents are equal, the share of external hires that are non-citizens continued to be well below their relative share of applicants.

Citizenship and employment equity

Non-citizens accounted for 35.4% of visible minority applicants, compared to 20.5% of non-visible minority applicants in 2022 to 2023 (see Graph 1). This is an increase from 27.3% and 13.7% respectively in 2020 to 2021.

Graph 1: Share of citizen versus non-citizen applicants among members of visible minorities and those who are not members of visible minorities fiscal year 2022 to 2023)

Visible minority applicants are more likely to be non-citizens than non-visible minority applicants.^{Footnote 3} Further, non-citizens overall are less likely to be hired than citizens. As a result, non-citizen visible minority applicants are less likely to be appointed relative to citizen visible minority applicants.

This can be seen in Graph 2, which breaks down visible minority applicants and appointments by citizenship.

• Overall, members of visible minorities represent 31% of all applicants and 29% of hires.
• When the analysis is restricted to Canadian citizens, members of visible minorities represent 19.7% of applicants and 23.7% of hires.
• However, non-citizen visible minorities represent 10.8% of all applicants but only 4.9% of all hires.

Graph 2: Members of visible minorities as applicants and external appointments, citizens versus non-citizens (fiscal year 2022 to 2023)

Permanent residents and other non-citizens

There are different types of non-citizenship.^{Footnote 4} The following section describes applicant and appointment shares of permanent residents compared to other non-citizens.

Applicants

• Most non-citizen applicants are permanent residents.
  • In 2022 to 2023, 63% (55,113) of the 87,407 non-citizen applicants were permanent residents, while the remaining 37% (32,294) were other non-citizens.
• Representation of members of visible minorities is highest among permanent resident applicants compared to other citizenship statuses.
  • In 2022 to 2023, 49.3% of permanent resident applicants to external job advertisements were visible minorities, compared to 26.3% for citizens and 32.5% for other non-citizens. This is an increase from 44.1%, 22.0% and 31.3%, respectively, in 2020 to 2021 (see Annex 2, Table A2-6 and Graph 3).^{Footnote 5}

External Appointments

• Most non-citizen hires are permanent residents.
  • Of the 7.8% of the non-citizens hires in 2022 to 2023, over 9 in 10 (1,769 hires) were permanent residents, while the remaining hires (172 hires) were other non-citizens.
• Representation of visible minorities in external hires is highest among permanent residents (see Graph 4, Annex 2, Table A2-11).
  • In 2022 to 2023, 63.5% of external hires among permanent residents were members of visible minorities, compared to 25.7% of citizens and 48.3% of other non-citizens. 

Graph 3: Representation of members of visible minorities among applicants and external appointments, Canadian citizens (April 1, 2017 to March 31, 2023)

Graph 4: Members of visible minority representation among applicants and external appointments, permanent residents (April 1, 2017 to March 31, 2023)

Graph 5: Members of visible minority representation among applicants and external appointments, other non-citizens (April 1, 2017 to March 31, 2023)

Intersectionality with gender

Non-citizen men make up a higher percentage of applicants among employment equity groups than women (Annex 2, Table A2-12).

• 38.1% of visible minority men applicants were non-citizens.  This compares to 35.0% amongst visible minority women. This is an increase from 30.9% and 26.4% in 2020 to 2021, respectively.
• As of 2022 to 2023, non-citizens accounted for 10.4% of men with disability applicants and 5.9% of women with disability applicants. In 2020 to 2021, these percentages were 7.9% and 4.1%, respectively.

There has been an increase in most of the appointment shares of non-citizen men and women who belong to an employment equity group between April 1, 2020 and March 31, 2023.

• Non-citizens represented 17.9% of visible minority men and 16.6% of visible minority women external hires in 2022 to 2023. Compared to 2020 to 2021, this represents an increase from 5.9% and 4.7%, respectively (see Annex 2, Table A2-13).^{Footnote 6}
• Non-citizen represented 4.3% of men with disabilities and 3.8% of women with disabilities external hires. Again, this represents an increase since 2020 to 2021, from 1.7% and 0.2% respectively.

Conclusion

In this updated report, two more years of applicant and appointment data have been included. In line with our previous findings, there is an overall increase in non-citizens applying for jobs advertised to the public.  Non-citizens continue to make up a greater proportion of visible minority applicants than among non-visible minorities, and this proportion increased between April 1, 2020 and March 31, 2023. Non-citizens remain less likely to be appointed than Canadian citizens, but their appointment share has increased from 2.5% in 2020 to 2021 to 7.8% in 2022 to 2023.

The notable increase in the share of non-citizens applying to jobs open to the public and subsequently appointed in the fiscal years 2021 to 2023 corresponds with the June 2021 amendments to the Public Service Employment Act to help identify and mitigate biases and barriers that disadvantage persons belonging to equity seeking groups in appointment processes.. The analysis of the impact of the amendments will be explored in a future report. The PSC will continue monitoring the impact of these legislative changes on permanent resident hiring.

Annex 1 - Methodology

For this analysis, all jobs open to the public for indeterminate and term positions for a duration of three months or greater, that closed between April 1, 2017, and March 31, 2023, were evaluated. Similarly, all external appointments for indeterminate and term positions for a duration of three months or greater between April 1, 2017, and March 31, 2023, are included. The report provides information on applications and appointments to positions in federal public service departments and agencies that rely on the Commission’s authority to make appointments as set out in the Public Service Employment Act.

We assess the citizenship of external appointments by matching existing public servants to the Public Service Resourcing System (PSRS) applications using a deterministic record linkage process.

We assess the employment equity status of applicants based on the self-declaration provided in their applications on the PSRS. For external appointments, we analyze employees’ self-identification for the four employment equity groups as collected by the Treasury Board Secretariat in the Employment Equity Data Bank (EEDB). The most recent available data from the EEDB is up to March 31, 2023.

The workforce availability is aligned with the figures published in the Treasury Board Secretariat’s Annual Employment Equity Report.

Table A1-1: Workforce availability among employment equity groups (April 1, 2017 to March 31, 2023)

Employment equity groups	2017 to 2018	2018 to 2019	2019 to 2020	2020 to 2021	2021 to 2022	2022 to 2023
Women	52.5%	52.7%	52.7%	52.7%	53.3%	53.7%
Persons with disabilities	4.4%	9.0%	9.0%	9.0%	9.1%	9.2%
Members of visible minorities	13.0%	15.3%	15.3%	15.3%	17.2%	17.3%

Source: Treasury Board Secretariat, Employment Equity in the Public Service of Canada for Fiscal Year 2017 to 2023.

Annex 2 – Results

Table A2-1: Citizenship representation of applicants (April 1, 2017 to March 31, 2023)

Representation type	2017 to 2018	2018 to 2019	2019 to 2020	2020 to 2021	2021 to 2022	2022 to 2023
Applicants	247,035	368,763	314,830	375,473	330,434	348,520
Citizens	217,078 (87.9%)	315,161 (85.5%)	264,973 (84.2%)	311,289 (82.9%)	268,574 (81.3)	261,113 (74.9)
Non-citizens	29,957 (12.1%)	53,602 (14.5%)	49,857 (15.8%)	64,184 (17.1%)	61,860 (18.7%)	87,407 (25.1%)
Permanent residents	20,666	37,716	33,606	43,135	41,787	55,113
Other non-citizens	9,291	15,886	16,251	21,049	20,073	32,294

 

Table A2-2: Citizenship representation external appointments (April 1, 2017 to March 31, 2023)

Representation type	2017 to 2018	2018 to 2019	2019 to 2020	2020 to 2021	2021 to 2022	2022 to 2023
Appointments	16,628	20,012	20,427	19,065	22,303	24,727
Citizens	16,303 (98.0%)	19,517 (97.5%)	19,948 (97.7%)	18,594 (97.5%)	21,434 (96.1%)	22,786 (92.15%)
Non-citizens	325 (2.0%)	495 (2.5%)	479 (2.3%)	471 (2.5%)	869 (3.9%)	1,941 (7.8%)
Permanent residents	274	387	377	384	757	1,769
Other non-citizens	51	108	102	87	112	172

 

Table A2-3: Applicant shares by citizenship status and fiscal year, members of visible minorities versus not members of visible minorities (April 1, 2017 to March 31, 2023)

Employment equity group	Citizenship Status	2017 to 2018	2018 to 2019	2019 to 2020	2020 to 2021	2021 to 2022	2022 to 2023
Members of visible minority	Citizen	79.4%	77.1%	75.1%	72.7%	71.1%	64.61%
Members of visible minority	Non-citizen	20.6%	22.9%	24.9%	27.3%	28.9%	35.4%
Not members of visible minorities	Citizen	90.3%	87.9%	87.1%	86.3%	85.5%	79.5%
Not members of visible minorities	Non-citizen	9.7%	12.1%	12.9%	13.7%	14.5%	20.5%

 

Table A2-4: Representation of members of visible minorities among applicants, citizens versus non-citizens (April 1, 2017 to March 31, 2023)

Representation type	2017 to 2018	2018 to 2019	2019 to 2020	2020 to 2021	2021 to 2022	2022 to 2023
All	22.2%	22.3%	24.3%	25.0%	29.4%	30.6%
Citizens	20.0%	20.1%	21.7%	22.0%	25.7%	26.3%
Non-citizens	37.7%	35.1%	38.3%	40.0%	45.4%	43.1%

 

Table A2-5: Representation of members of visible minorities among external appointments, citizens versus non-citizens (April 1, 2017 to March 31, 2023)

Representation type	2017 to 2018	2018 to 2019	2019 to 2020	2020 to 2021	2021 to 2022	2022 to 2023
All	18.8%	20.7%	23.0%	22.9%	24.9%	28.5%
Citizens	18.3%	20.0%	22.4%	22.3%	23.5%	25.7%
Non-citizens	41.8%	47.5%	47.0%	47.8%	57.8%	62.2%

 

Table A2-6: Representation of members of visible minorities among applicants by citizenship status (April 1, 2017 to March 31, 2023)

Representation type	2017 to 2018	2018 to 2019	2019 to 2020	2020 to 2021	2021 to 2022	2022 to 2023
Canadian citizens	20.0%	20.1%	21.7%	22.0%	25.7%	26.3%
Permanent residents	42.1%	38.4%	42.7%	44.2%	49.6%	49.3%
Other non-citizens	28.0%	27.5%	29.1%	31.3%	36.7%	32.5%

 

Table A2-7: Representation of members of visible minorities among external appointments by citizenship status (April 1, 2017 to March 31, 2023)

Representation type	2017 to 2018	2018 to 2019	2019 to 2020	2020 to 2021	2021 to 2022	2022 to 2023
Canadian citizens	18.3%	20.0%	22.4%	22.3%	23.5%	25.7%
Permanent residents	44.9%	48.3%	49.6%	49.5%	59.3%	63.5%
Other non-citizens	25.5%	44.4%	37.3%	40.2%	47.3%	48.3%

 

Table A2-8: Share of applicants self-assessed as bilingual by citizenship status (April 1, 2017 to March 31, 2023)

Citizenship Status	2017 to 2018	2018 to 2019	2019 to 2020	2020 to 2021	2021 to 2022	2022 to 2023
Citizens	43.1%	39.4%	40.7%	37.7%	39.8%	38.3%
Non-citizens	31.1%	26.0%	26.1%	24.6%	25.9%	22.4%

 

Table A2-9: External hire shares by citizenship status and fiscal years, members of visible minorities versus not members of visible minorities (April 1, 2017 to March 31, 2023)

Employment equity group	Citizenship Status	2017 to 2018	2018 to 2019	2019 to 2020	2020 to 2021	2021 to 2022	2022 to 2023
Members of visible minorities	Citizen	95.6%	94.3%	95.2%	94.9%	90.9%	82.9%
Members of visible minorities	Non-citizen	4.4%	5.7%	4.8%	5.1%	9.1%	17.1%
Not members of visible minorities	Citizen	98.6%	98.4%	98.4%	98.3%	97.8%	95.8%
Not members of visible minorities	Non-citizen	1.4%	1.6%	1.6%	1.7%	2.2%	4.2%

 

Table A2-10: Share of applicants who are members of visible minorities applicants self-assessed as bilingual by citizenship status (April 1, 2017 to March 31, 2023)

Citizenship Status	2017 to 2018	2018 to 2019	2019 to 2020	2020 to 2021	2021 to 2022	2022 to 2023
Citizens	41.5%	37.7%	39.5%	36.5%	37.7%	35.9%
Non-citizens	33.5%	26.7%	26.5%	24.4%	25.7%	22.3%

 

Table A2-11: Employment equity representation among applicants by employment equity group and citizenship status (April 1, 2017 to March 31, 2023)

Representation type	Citizenship Status	2017 to 2018	2018 to 2019	2019 to 2020	2020 to 2021	2021 to 2022	2022 to 2023
Persons with disabilities	Canadian Citizens	3.1%	3.0%	3.4%	3.7%	5.6%	6.3%
Persons with disabilities	Permanent Residents	0.9%	0.8%	1.0%	1.1%	1.6%	1.6%
Persons with disabilities	Other Non-Citizens	1.1%	0.8%	1.0%	0.8%	1.4%	1.3%
Members of visible minorities	Canadian Citizens	20.0%	20.1%	21.7%	22.0%	25.7%	26.3%
Members of visible minorities	Permanent Residents	42.1%	38.4%	42.7%	44.2%	49.6%	49.3%
Members of visible minorities	Other Non-Citizens	28.0%	27.5%	29.1%	31.3%	36.7%	32.5%
Women	Canadian Citizens	55.4%	57.0%	57.6%	59.5%	59.3%	58.6%
Women	Permanent Residents	44.7%	46.4%	47.0%	50.3%	51.4%	51.1%
Women	Other Non-Citizens	36.8%	38.8%	37.4%	44.2%	44.2%	41.6%

 

Table A2-12: Applicant shares of non-citizens among employment equity groups by gender (April 1, 2017 to March 31, 2023)

Employment equity group by gender	2017 to 2018	2018 to 2019	2019 to 2020	2020 to 2021	2021 to 2022	2022 to 2023
Members of visible minorities - Women	20.1%	22.2%	23.6%	26.4%	28.1%	35.0%
Members of visible minorities – Men	24.4%	26.7%	29.0%	30.9%	32.4%	38.1%
Not members of visible minorities - Women	7.5%	9.5%	9.8%	11.1%	11.8%	16.4%
Not members of visible minorities - Men	13.6%	16.6%	18.0%	18.2%	19.1%	27.0%
Persons with disabilities - Women	3.5%	3.3%	4.0%	4.1%	4.8%	5.9%
Persons with disabilities - Men	5.8%	6.8%	7.4%	7.9%	8.4%	10.4%
Persons without disabilities - Women	10.3%	12.5%	13.4%	15.2%	17.1%	23.0%
Persons without disabilities – Men	16.3%	19.2%	21.1%	21.9%	23.8%	31.4%

 

Table A2-13: External hires shares of non-citizens among employment equity groups by gender (April 1, 2017 to March 31, 2023)

Employment equity group by gender	2017 to 2018	2018 to 2019	2019 to 2020	2020 to 2021	2021 to 2022	2022 to 2023
Members of visible minorities– Women	3.3%	5.2%	4.1%	4.7%	7.7%	16.6%
Members of visible minorities– Men	5.7%	6.4%	5.7%	5.9%	10.9%	17.9%
Not members of visible minorities – Women	1.2%	1.5%	1.5%	1.4%	1.9%	3.8%
Not members of visible minorities – Men	1.7%	1.8%	1.8%	2.1%	2.6%	4.7%
Persons with disabilities – Women	0.3%	0.7%	1.1%	0.2%	1.1%	3.8%
Persons with disabilities – Men	0.8%	0.9%	0.5%	1.7%	1.3%	4.3%
Persons without disabilities – Women	1.6%	2.3%	2.2%	2.2%	3.5%	7.6%
Persons without disabilities – Men	2.5%	2.8%	2.8%	3.1%	4.9%	9.0%

 

Table A2-14: Employment equity representation among non-citizen applicants and external appointments by employment equity group (April 1, 2017 to March 31, 2023)

Representation type	Applicants versus appointments	2017 to 2018	2018 to 2019	2019 to 2020	2020 to 2021	2021 to 2022	2022 to 2023
Persons with disabilities	Applicants	1.0%	0.8%	1.0%	1.0%	1.5%	1.5%
Persons with disabilities	Appointments	0.9%	1.2%	1.5%	1.5%	2.0%	3.9%
Members of visible minorities	Applicants	37.7%	35.1%	38.3%	40.0%	45.4%	43.1%
Members of visible minorities	Appointments	41.8%	47.5%	47.0%	47.8%	57.8%	62.2%
Women	Applicants	42.3%	44.1%	43.8%	48.3%	49.0%	47.6%
Women	Appointments	47.7%	51.7%	52.8%	51.6%	51.8%	57.1%

 

Table A2-15: Employment equity representation among appointments by employment equity group and citizenship status (April 1, 2017 to March 31, 2023)

Representation type	Citizenship status	2017 to 2018	2018 to 2019	2019 to 2020	2020 to 2021	2021 to 2022	2022 to 2023
Persons with disabilities	Canadian Citizens	3.7%	3.8%	4.2%	4.9%	6.3%	7.9%
Persons with disabilities	Permanent Residents	0.7%	1.0%	1.9%	1.8%	2.1%	4.0%
Persons with disabilities	Other Non-Citizens	2.0%	1.9%	0.0%	0.0%	0.9%	2.9%
Members of visible minorities	Canadian Citizens	18.3%	20.0%	22.4%	22.3%	23.5%	25.7%
Members of visible minorities	Permanent Residents	44.9%	48.3%	49.6%	49.5%	59.3%	63.5%
Members of visible minorities	Other Non-Citizens	25.5%	44.4%	37.3%	40.2%	47.3%	48.3%
Women	Canadian Citizens	58.6%	57.0%	58.3%	60.2%	60.4%	61.4%
Women	Permanent Residents	47.4%	53.5%	54.1%	54.2%	52.0%	57.7%
Women	Other Non-Citizens	49.0%	45.4%	48.0%	40.2%	50.0%	51.2%

 

Table A2-16: Representation of visible minorities among applicants and external appointments by gender and citizenship status (April 1, 2017 to March 31, 2023)

Representation type	Citizenship	Gender	2017 to 2018	2018 to 2019	2019 to 2020	2020 to 2021	2021 to 2022	2022 to 2023
Members of visible minorities	Citizens	Women applicants	10.3%	10.8%	11.9%	12.5%	14.8%	14.7%
Members of visible minorities	Citizens	Men applicants	9.1%	8.8%	9.5%	9.2%	10.8%	11.6%
Members of visible minorities	Citizens	Women appointments	10.7%	11.6%	13.2%	13.2%	14.1%	15.4%
Members of visible minorities	Citizens	Men appointments	7.6%	8.4%	9.2%	9.1%	9.3%	10.2%
Members of visible minorities	Permanent Residents	Women applicants	19.5%	18.8%	21.0%	23.0%	26.4%	26.6%
Members of visible minorities	Permanent Residents	Men applicants	22.4%	19.5%	21.7%	21.4%	23.4%	23.0%
Members of visible minorities	Permanent Residents	Women appointments	19.7%	25.1%	25.5%	27.9%	30.0%	36.8%
Members of visible minorities	Permanent Residents	Men appointments	25.2%	23.1%	24.1%	21.6%	29.3%	26.8%
Members of visible minorities	Other non-citizens	Women applicants	13.2%	13.1%	13.8%	16.6%	19.3%	16.4%
Members of visible minorities	Other non-citizens	Men applicants	14.6%	14.2%	15.2%	14.8%	17.6%	16.4%
Members of visible minorities	Other non-citizens	Women appointments	11.8%	24.1%	17.6%	14.9%	25.0%	27.3%
Members of visible minorities	Other non-citizens	Men appointments	13.7%	19.4%	19.6%	25.3%	22.3%	20.9%

 

Table A2-17: Shares of self-assessed bilingual applicants by citizenship and employment equity group (April 1, 2017 to March 31, 2023)

Representation type	Gender	2017 to 2018	2018 to 2019	2019 to 2020	2020 to 2021	2021 to 2022	2022 to 2023
Citizens	All	43.1%	39.4%	40.7%	37.7%	39.8%	38.3%
Citizens	Members of visible minorities	41.5%	37.7%	39.5%	36.5%	37.7%	35.9%
Citizens	Members of visible minorities - Men	40.1%	37.0%	38.5%	36.3%	37.2%	35.1%
Citizens	Members of visible minorities- Women	41.6%	37.0%	39.4%	36.0%	37.6%	35.8%
Non-citizens	All	31.1%	26.0%	26.1%	24.6%	25.9%	22.4%
Non-citizens	Members of visible minorities	33.5%	26.7%	26.5%	24.4%	25.7%	22.3%
Non-citizens	Members of visible minorities- Men	33.9%	26.7%	27.3%	24.7%	26.3%	23.6%
Non-citizens	Members of visible minorities- Women	32.2%	25.8%	25.1%	23.8%	25.1%	20.9%

 

Table A2-18: Applicant shares of non-citizens among employment equity groups (April 1, 2017 to March 31, 2023)

Employment equity group	2017 to 2018	2018 to 2019	2019 to 2020	2020 to 2021	2021 to 2022	2022 to 2023
Members of visible minorities	20.6%	22.9%	24.9%	27.3%	28.3%	35.4%
Not members of visible minorities	9.7%	12.1%	12.9%	13.7%	14.5%	20.5%
Persons with disabilities	4.1%	4.4%	5.1%	5.4%	5.9%	7.3%
Persons without disabilities	12.4%	14.8%	16.2%	17.5%	19.4%	26.0%
Women	10.1%	12.2%	13.1%	14.8%	16.5%	22.0%
Men	16.1%	18.9%	20.8%	21.5%	23.1%	30.5%

 

Table A2-19: Share of applicants who are members of visible minorities and external hires by gender and citizens versus non-citizens, PSEA organisations (fiscal year 2022 to 2023)

Members of visible minorities – Gender	Representation type	Citizens	Non-citizens	Total
Women	Applicants	10.9%	5.9%	16.8%
Women	Appointments	14.2%	2.8%	17.0%
Men	Applicants	8.6%	5.3%	13.9%
Men	Appointments	9.4%	2.1%	11.5%