FluWatch report: January 22 to January 28, 2023 (week 4)

On this page

• Influenza/Influenza-like Illness Activity - Geographic Spread
• Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza Detections
• Syndromic / Influenza-like Illness Surveillance
• Influenza Outbreak Surveillance
• Influenza Severe Outcomes Surveillance
• Influenza Strain Characterization
• Antiviral Resistance
• Influenza Vaccine Monitoring
• Provincial and International Influenza Reports

Influenza/Influenza-like Illness Activity - Geographic Spread

In week 4, 37 regions across Canada reported either sporadic or localized influenza activity (Figure 1). The number of regions reporting influenza activity and the intensity of reported activity continues to decrease week to week. A total of 16 regions in four provinces (N.S., N.L., N.B. and Man.) and territories reported no activity.

Number of Regions Reporting in week 4: 53 out of 53

Figure 1 - Text description

Province	Influenza Surveillance Region	Activity Level
N.L.	Eastern	No Activity
N.L.	Labrador-Grenfell	No Activity
N.L.	Central	No Activity
N.L.	Western	No Activity
P.E.I.	Prince Edward Island	Sporadic
N.S.	Zone 1 - Western	No Activity
N.S.	Zone 2 - Northern	Sporadic
N.S.	Zone 3 - Eastern	Sporadic
N.S.	Zone 4 - Central	Sporadic
N.B.	Region 1	Sporadic
N.B.	Region 2	No Activity
N.B.	Region 3	No Activity
N.B.	Region 4	Sporadic
N.B.	Region 5	No Activity
N.B.	Region 6	No Activity
N.B.	Region 7	Sporadic
Que.	Nord-est	Sporadic
Que.	Québec et Chaudieres-Appalaches	Sporadic
Que.	Centre-du-Québec	Sporadic
Que.	Montréal et Laval	Sporadic
Que.	Ouest-du-Québec	Sporadic
Que.	Montérégie	Sporadic
Ont.	Central East	Localized
Ont.	Central West	Sporadic
Ont.	Eastern	Localized
Ont.	North East	Localized
Ont.	North West	Sporadic
Ont.	South West	Localized
Ont.	Toronto	Localized
Man.	Northern Regional	Sporadic
Man.	Prairie Mountain	Sporadic
Man.	Interlake-Eastern	Sporadic
Man.	Winnipeg	Sporadic
Man.	Southern Health	No Activity
Sask.	North	Sporadic
Sask.	Central	Sporadic
Sask.	South	Sporadic
Alta.	North Zone	Sporadic
Alta.	Edmonton	Sporadic
Alta.	Central Zone	Sporadic
Alta.	Calgary	Sporadic
Alta.	South Zone	Sporadic
B.C.	Interior	Sporadic
B.C.	Fraser	Sporadic
B.C.	Vancouver Coastal	Sporadic
B.C.	Vancouver Island	Sporadic
B.C.	Northern	Sporadic
Y.T.	Yukon	No Activity
N.W.T.	North	No Activity
N.W.T.	South	No Activity
Nvt.	Qikiqtaaluk	No Activity
Nvt.	Kivalliq	No Activity
Nvt.	Kitimeot	No Activity

Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza Detections

In week 4, the weekly percentage of tests positive for influenza decreased from the previous week (1.5% in week 3 to 1.0% in week 4) and is at interseasonal levels.

The following results were reported from sentinel laboratories across Canada in week 4 (Figures 2 and 3):

• A total of 290 laboratory detections (249 influenza A and 41 influenza B) were reported.
• Among subtyped influenza A detections (63), 54% (34) were influenza A(H3N2) and 46% (29) were influenza A(H1N1).
• Among detections for which age information was reported (189), individuals aged 20-44 years and 65+ years old each accounted for 26% of detections.

To date this season (August 28, 2022 to January 28, 2023):

• 64,619 influenza detections were reported, of which 99% (64,281) were influenza A and among subtyped influenza A detections (20,161), influenza A(H3N2) accounted for 93% of detections.
• 45,578 laboratory-confirmed influenza detections with age information were reported, of which 18,692 (41%) were in individuals aged 0-19 years old (Figure 4).

For more detailed weekly and cumulative influenza data, see the text descriptions for Figures 2 and 3 or the Respiratory Virus Detections in Canada Report.

Number of Laboratories Reporting in Week 4: 34 out of 35

Figure 2 - Text description

Surveillance Week	A(Unsubtyped)	A(H3N2)	A(H1N1)	Influenza B	Percent Positive A	Percent Positive B
35	13	10	2	3	0.2	0.0
36	9	5	1	5	0.1	0.0
37	19	9	3	2	0.2	0.0
38	26	35	20	3	0.5	0.0
39	44	53	22	5	0.7	0.0
40	64	66	16	4	1.0	0.0
41	121	110	20	1	1.4	0.0
42	218	204	11	9	2.4	0.1
43	418	595	23	6	5.5	0.0
44	1055	1351	54	7	10.9	0.0
45	2026	2268	69	11	16.2	0.0
46	3453	2983	98	16	20.2	0.1
47	5916	2912	168	16	24.1	0.0
48	7372	2605	133	13	23.8	0.0
49	7028	2206	141	29	21.0	0.1
50	5699	1494	137	29	17.2	0.1
51	3784	841	155	19	12.5	0.1
52	2283	495	105	28	8.0	0.1
1	1345	309	86	29	4.6	0.1
2	557	137	52	18	2.2	0.1
3	326	46	48	44	1.4	0.1
4	166	34	29	41	0.9	0.2

The shaded area represents the maximum and minimum number of influenza tests or percentage of tests positive reported by week from seasons 2014-2015 to 2019-2020. Data from week 11 of the 2019-2020 season onwards are excluded from the historical comparison due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The epidemic threshold is 5% tests positive for influenza. When it is exceeded, and a minimum of 15 weekly influenza detections are reported, a seasonal influenza epidemic is declared.

Figure 3 - Text description

Surveillance Week	Percentage of tests positive, 2022-2023	Percentage of tests positive, 2021-2022	Percentage of tests positive, 2020-2021	Maximum Percentage of Tests Positive	Minimum Percentage of Tests Positive	Average Percentage of Tests Positive
35	0.2	0.0	0.0	1.9	0.1	0.8
36	0.2	0.0	0.0	2.3	0.3	1.1
37	0.3	0.0	0.0	1.8	0.4	1.0
38	0.5	0.0	0.0	2.4	0.5	1.3
39	0.7	0.0	0.0	2.9	0.7	1.7
40	1.0	0.0	0.0	2.3	1.1	1.7
41	1.5	0.1	0.0	3.0	1.3	1.7
42	2.4	0.1	0.0	3.4	0.9	2.2
43	5.6	0.1	0.0	5.3	0.8	2.8
44	10.9	0.2	0.1	8.5	1.2	3.7
45	16.2	0.1	0.0	10.1	1.4	4.6
46	20.2	0.2	0.0	14.1	1.5	6.1
47	24.1	0.2	0.1	15.4	1.4	7.7
48	23.9	0.3	0.1	18.2	0.8	10.6
49	21.0	0.3	0.0	19.7	1.6	13.0
50	17.3	0.3	0.0	27.0	2.4	16.8
51	12.5	0.2	0.0	29.1	3.3	20.1
52	8.0	0.1	0.0	34.5	4.3	24.5
1	4.7	0.1	0.0	31.7	5.8	23.4
2	2.3	0.1	0.0	29.1	7.1	23.0
3	1.5	0.1	0.0	30.1	12.2	23.6
4	1.0	0.1	0.0	29.5	15.9	24.0
5	N/A	0.0	0.0	30.6	19.6	24.9
6	N/A	0.1	0.0	32.4	17.9	25.0
7	N/A	0.0	0.0	32.5	16.3	25.1
8	N/A	0.1	0.0	32.9	17.5	25.1
9	N/A	0.1	0.0	34.3	16.8	24.6
10	N/A	0.2	0.0	36.0	16.0	23.2
11	N/A	0.3	0.0	31.4	16.2	21.4
12	N/A	0.9	0.0	30.0	15.0	20.1
13	N/A	1.5	0.0	28.3	14.5	19.6
14	N/A	2.5	0.0	23.2	12.7	17.9
15	N/A	3.9	0.0	20.7	11.9	16.3
16	N/A	7.0	0.0	18.5	11.6	14.5
17	N/A	9.7	0.0	17.3	9.8	12.8
18	N/A	11.3	0.0	13.0	7.9	10.3
19	N/A	12.6	0.0	11.9	5.0	9.0
20	N/A	10.4	0.0	9.1	3.2	7.2
21	N/A	9.8	0.0	7.4	3.0	5.6
22	N/A	8.4	0.0	5.0	2.2	3.9
23	N/A	7.0	0.0	4.4	0.9	2.9
24	N/A	5.0	0.0	4.4	0.8	2.2
25	N/A	3.0	0.0	3.9	0.6	1.9
26	N/A	2.3	0.0	3.1	0.7	1.8
27	N/A	1.2	0.0	2.8	0.4	1.5
28	N/A	0.8	0.0	1.8	0.4	0.9
29	N/A	0.7	0.0	1.6	0.5	1.1
30	N/A	0.4	0.0	1.5	0.5	0.9
31	N/A	0.3	0.0	1.9	0.6	1.1
32	N/A	0.2	0.0	1.2	0.5	0.9
33	N/A	0.2	0.0	1.7	0.4	0.9
34	N/A	0.2	0.0	1.6	0.4	0.9

Laboratory data notes:

Testing for influenza and other respiratory viruses has been influenced by the current COVID-19 pandemic. Changes in laboratory testing practices may affect the comparability of data to previous seasons.

Due to different testing protocols of laboratories across Canada, some influenza A subtype detection counts may not be included in total influenza A detection counts and percent positivity calculations.

Figure 4 - Text description

a) Proportion of influenza A and B by age-group

Age Group	Proportion of Influenza A	Proportion of Influenza B	Total Number Influenza Detections
Age Group	Proportion of Influenza A	Proportion of Influenza B	Total Number Influenza Detections
0 to 4	99.5%	0.5%	8163
5 to 19	99.4%	0.6%	10529
20 to 44	99.2%	0.8%	9292
45 to 64	99.6%	0.4%	5939
65+	99.7%	0.3%	11655

b) Proportion of subtyped influenza A(H1N1) and A(H3N2) by age-group

Age Group	Proportion of A(H1N1)	Proportion of A(H3N2)	Total Number of Subtyped Influenza Detections
0 to 4	4.8%	95.2%	2809
5 to 19	4.2%	95.8%	3550
20 to 44	8.3%	91.7%	2844
45 to 64	15.1%	84.9%	1812
65+	8.1%	91.9%	3522

Syndromic / Influenza-like Illness Surveillance

Healthcare Practitioners Sentinel Surveillance

In week 4, 1.2% of visits to healthcare professionals were due to influenza-like illness (ILI) (Figure 5). The percentage of visits for ILI is below expected levels for this time of year.

ILI symptoms are not specific to any one respiratory pathogen and can be due to influenza, or other respiratory viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus and SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. This makes the percentage of visits for ILI an important indicator of overall respiratory illness morbidity in the community in the presence of co-circulating viruses.

This indicator should be interpreted with caution as there have been changes in healthcare seeking behavior of individuals and a smaller number of sentinels reporting compared to previous seasons.

Number of Sentinels Reporting in Week 4: 38

The shaded area represents the maximum and minimum percentage of percentage of participants reporting cough and fever by week, from seasons 2014-2015 to 2019-2020. Data from week 11 of the 2019-2020 season onwards are excluded from the historical comparison due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Figure 5 - Text description

Surveillance Week	2022-2023	2021-2022	2020-2021	Average	Min	Max
35	0.6%	0.6%	0.1%	0.6%	0.4%	0.9%
36	0.9%	1.2%	0.2%	0.6%	0.4%	0.9%
37	0.7%	0.6%	0.4%	0.7%	0.5%	1.0%
38	0.8%	0.9%	0.3%	0.7%	0.6%	1.0%
39	1.0%	1.0%	0.4%	0.9%	0.5%	1.2%
40	0.7%	0.5%	0.2%	1.2%	0.8%	1.7%
41	1.9%	1.1%	0.4%	1.7%	0.8%	2.8%
42	1.4%	1.2%	0.5%	1.6%	1.2%	2.1%
43	1.6%	0.9%	0.3%	1.2%	0.8%	1.7%
44	1.5%	0.6%	0.3%	1.2%	0.7%	1.7%
45	2.2%	1.0%	0.4%	1.2%	0.9%	1.5%
46	2.3%	0.9%	0.8%	1.4%	1.2%	1.8%
47	3.5%	0.7%	0.3%	1.6%	1.1%	2.2%
48	3.2%	1.1%	0.5%	1.5%	1.1%	2.2%
49	3.2%	0.9%	0.5%	1.7%	1.0%	2.8%
50	2.4%	1.1%	0.4%	1.5%	1.1%	1.7%
51	1.7%	1.7%	0.5%	1.9%	1.4%	2.7%
52	2.9%	1.5%	0.5%	2.0%	1.0%	3.1%
1	1.6%	2.1%	0.7%	3.4%	1.9%	5.4%
2	1.4%	1.6%	0.4%	3.4%	1.8%	5.7%
3	1.7%	1.4%	0.2%	2.3%	1.3%	3.7%
4	1.2%	0.9%	0.3%	2.0%	1.1%	2.9%
5	N/A	1.0%	0.2%	2.1%	1.4%	3.1%
6	N/A	0.7%	0.5%	2.4%	1.4%	4.0%
7	N/A	0.7%	0.3%	2.4%	0.9%	3.5%
8	N/A	0.8%	0.2%	2.3%	0.8%	3.4%
9	N/A	0.7%	0.2%	2.3%	0.9%	3.1%
10	N/A	0.9%	0.2%	2.0%	1.0%	2.8%
11	N/A	0.6%	0.2%	1.9%	1.1%	2.8%
12	N/A	0.8%	0.3%	1.6%	0.6%	2.6%
13	N/A	1.2%	0.4%	1.6%	1.1%	2.6%
14	N/A	1.1%	0.2%	1.7%	1.1%	3.0%
15	N/A	1.2%	0.3%	1.3%	0.9%	1.9%
16	N/A	1.5%	0.3%	1.2%	0.8%	1.7%
17	N/A	1.3%	0.4%	1.2%	0.7%	1.7%
18	N/A	1.8%	0.5%	1.3%	0.5%	2.0%
19	N/A	1.7%	0.3%	0.9%	0.6%	1.3%
20	N/A	1.5%	0.5%	1.1%	0.6%	1.5%
21	N/A	1.4%	0.3%	0.9%	0.5%	1.3%
22	N/A	1.0%	0.3%	0.7%	0.3%	1.0%
23	N/A	1.1%	0.2%	0.8%	0.6%	1.0%
24	N/A	1.3%	0.2%	0.7%	0.6%	1.0%
25	N/A	1.0%	0.2%	0.6%	0.4%	0.8%
26	N/A	0.8%	0.2%	0.8%	0.5%	1.4%
27	N/A	1.7%	0.3%	0.6%	0.5%	0.7%
28	N/A	1.0%	0.1%	0.7%	0.5%	1.3%
29	N/A	0.9%	0.3%	0.9%	0.6%	1.7%
30	N/A	1.3%	0.2%	0.6%	0.2%	0.9%
31	N/A	0.9%	0.2%	0.4%	0.2%	0.6%
32	N/A	0.9%	0.2%	0.8%	0.3%	1.2%
33	N/A	0.8%	0.3%	0.7%	0.4%	1.3%
34	N/A	1.0%	0.5%	0.7%	0.4%	1.5%

FluWatchers

In week 4, 10,396 participants reported to FluWatchers, of which 1.2% reported symptoms of cough and fever (Figure 6). The percentage of FluWatchers who have reported cough and fever is well below seasonal levels.

The reports of cough and fever are not specific to any one respiratory pathogen and can be due to influenza, or other respiratory viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, and SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. This makes the proportion of individuals reporting cough and fever an important indicator of overall respiratory illness activity in the community in the presence of co-circulating viruses.

FluWatchers reporting is not impacted by changes in health services or health seeking behaviours.

Among the 127 participants who reported cough and fever:

• 21% consulted a healthcare professional;
• 78% reported days missed from work or school, resulting in an average of 2.7 missed days from work or school among those 99 participants.

The Northwest Territories had the highest participation rate this week (53 participants per 100,000 population) and the neighbourhood with postal code, K0A had the highest number of participants (126). See what is happening in your neighbourhood! Downloadable datasets are also available on Open Maps.

If you are interested in becoming a FluWatcher, sign up today.

Number of Participants Reporting in Week 4: 10,396

The shaded area represents the maximum and minimum percentage of percentage of participants reporting cough and fever by week, from seasons 2014-2015 to 2019-2020. Data from week 11 of the 2019-2020 season onwards are excluded from the historical comparison due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Figure 6 - Text description

Surveillance Week	2022-2023	2021-2022	2020-2021	Average	Min	Max
35	1.3%	0.2%	0.2%	N/A	N/A	N/A
36	1.2%	0.3%	0.2%	N/A	N/A	N/A
37	1.6%	0.5%	0.4%	N/A	N/A	N/A
38	1.8%	0.5%	0.3%	N/A	N/A	N/A
39	2.3%	0.5%	0.4%	N/A	N/A	N/A
40	2.4%	0.6%	0.5%	2.5%	2.2%	2.7%
41	2.0%	0.5%	0.4%	2.2%	1.8%	2.6%
42	2.0%	0.4%	0.3%	1.8%	1.6%	2.0%
43	2.3%	0.5%	0.2%	1.9%	1.5%	2.2%
44	2.6%	0.5%	0.3%	1.6%	1.4%	1.8%
45	3.0%	0.5%	0.3%	1.8%	1.4%	2.3%
46	2.9%	0.4%	0.3%	1.8%	1.2%	2.2%
47	3.1%	0.6%	0.3%	1.9%	1.4%	2.4%
48	3.1%	0.5%	0.3%	2.4%	1.7%	3.4%
49	2.7%	0.4%	0.2%	2.6%	2.0%	3.2%
50	2.1%	0.6%	0.1%	2.9%	2.1%	3.8%
51	2.4%	1.0%	0.2%	3.2%	2.5%	3.9%
52	2.1%	1.5%	0.1%	4.0%	2.8%	5.4%
1	1.7%	1.1%	0.1%	3.8%	2.9%	4.8%
2	1.3%	1.0%	0.2%	2.9%	1.9%	3.9%
3	1.3%	0.8%	0.1%	3.3%	2.3%	4.8%
4	1.2%	0.6%	0.1%	3.1%	2.1%	4.2%
5	N/A	0.6%	0.2%	3.2%	2.6%	3.6%
6	N/A	0.5%	0.1%	3.5%	2.8%	4.3%
7	N/A	0.4%	0.2%	3.2%	2.6%	3.8%
8	N/A	0.5%	0.1%	3.1%	2.5%	3.6%
9	N/A	0.5%	0.1%	2.8%	2.4%	3.5%
10	N/A	0.6%	0.2%	2.6%	2.1%	3.1%
11	N/A	0.9%	0.2%	2.3%	1.9%	2.6%
12	N/A	1.2%	0.2%	2.6%	2.5%	2.8%
13	N/A	1.8%	0.2%	2.5%	2.0%	3.1%
14	N/A	2.3%	0.2%	2.1%	1.3%	2.6%
15	N/A	1.9%	0.2%	1.8%	1.6%	1.9%
16	N/A	1.9%	0.1%	2.0%	1.5%	2.4%
17	N/A	1.6%	0.2%	1.7%	1.4%	2.3%
18	N/A	1.4%	0.2%	1.5%	1.2%	2.1%
19	N/A	1.3%	0.1%	N/A	N/A	N/A
20	N/A	1.2%	0.2%	N/A	N/A	N/A
21	N/A	1.2%	0.1%	N/A	N/A	N/A
22	N/A	1.2%	0.1%	N/A	N/A	N/A
23	N/A	1.2%	0.1%	N/A	N/A	N/A
24	N/A	1.3%	0.1%	N/A	N/A	N/A
25	N/A	1.3%	0.1%	N/A	N/A	N/A
26	N/A	1.8%	0.2%	N/A	N/A	N/A
27	N/A	2.0%	0.1%	N/A	N/A	N/A
28	N/A	1.9%	0.2%	N/A	N/A	N/A
29	N/A	1.8%	0.2%	N/A	N/A	N/A
30	N/A	1.6%	0.2%	N/A	N/A	N/A
31	N/A	1.3%	0.2%	N/A	N/A	N/A
32	N/A	1.2%	0.3%	N/A	N/A	N/A
33	N/A	1.4%	0.3%	N/A	N/A	N/A
34	N/A	1.3%	0.5%	N/A	N/A	N/A

Influenza Outbreak Surveillance

In week 4, two laboratory-confirmed influenza outbreaks due to influenza A were reported (one in an acute care facility and one in a facility categorized as 'other').

To date this season (August 28, 2022 to January 28, 2023):

• 619 laboratory-confirmed influenza outbreaks have been reported
  • 344 were in LTC facilities (56%)
  • 164 were in facilities categorized as 'other' (27%)
  • 100 were in acute care facilities (16%)
  • 7 were in remote and/or isolated communities (1%)
  • 4 were in schools/daycares (<1%)
  • All but two outbreaks were due to influenza A and among those with subtyping information (203), 94% were due to influenza A(H3N2)
• 254 ILI outbreaks have been reported
  • All but 3 ILI outbreaks have been reported in schools and/or daycares.

Outbreaks of ILI are not specific to any one respiratory pathogen and can be due influenza, or other respiratory viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, COVID-19, or a mixture of viruses. Many respiratory viruses in addition to the flu commonly circulate during the fall and winter, and can cause clusters of cases with respiratory illness which could be captured as ILI.

Number of provinces and territories^{Footnote 1} reporting in Week 4: 13 out of 13

Figure 7 - Text description

Surveillance Week	Acute Care Facilities	Long Term Care Facilities	Other	Schools and Daycares	Remote and/or Isolated Communities
35	0	0	1	0	0
36	0	1	0	0	0
37	0	0	0	0	0
38	1	1	0	0	0
39	0	2	1	0	0
40	0	3	4	0	0
41	1	2	1	0	0
42	3	1	2	0	0
43	1	8	6	3	0
44	1	10	12	1	0
45	13	28	10	0	0
46	13	43	18	0	0
47	16	41	17	0	7
48	14	49	21	0	0
49	11	55	22	0	0
50	11	34	16	0	0
51	4	25	10	0	0
52	2	19	10	0	0
1	2	17	6	0	0
2	5	5	6	0	0
3	1	0	0	0	0
4	1	0	1	0	0

Influenza Severe Outcomes Surveillance

Provincial/Territorial Influenza Hospitalizations and Deaths

In week 4, 12 influenza-associated hospitalizations and less than five ICU admissions were reported by participating provinces and territories^{Footnote 2}.

To date this season 3,866 influenza-associated hospitalizations were reported (August 28, 2022 to January 28, 2023) by participating provinces and territories:

• >99% of the hospitalizations were associated with influenza A.
• Of the cases with subtype information (1,986), 89% were associated with influenza A(H3N2)
• The highest cumulative hospitalization rates up to week 4 were among adults 65 years of age and older (127/100,000 population) and children under 5 years of age (118/100,000 population).

To date this season (August 28, 2022 to January 28, 2023), 327 ICU admissions and 249 influenza-associated deaths were reported.

• Adults aged 45-64 years of age and 65 years of age and older accounted for 29% and 32% of reported ICU admissions respectively.
• Adults aged 65 years of age and older accounted for 77% of reported deaths.

Number of provinces and territories reporting in Week 4: 9 out of 9

Figure 8 - Text description

Surveillance Week	0-4 yrs	5-19 yrs	20-44 yrs	45-64 yrs	65+ yrs	Overall
35	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1
36	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.1
37	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.6	0.2
38	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.7	0.2
39	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.1	1.1	0.3
40	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	1.1	0.3
41	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	1.7	0.4
42	0.7	0.1	0.2	0.4	2.0	0.6
43	2.7	1.2	0.4	0.9	3.4	1.3
44	8.7	3.1	0.9	1.9	6.3	2.9
45	19.7	6.3	2.2	4.4	16.0	6.8
46	35.6	9.4	4.2	6.8	29.1	11.7
47	56.1	14.8	7.0	11.7	46.6	18.9
48	73.1	17.7	10.3	17.1	68.3	26.6
49	89.5	20.8	12.5	22.1	87.0	33.2
50	103.1	23.0	15.0	25.3	101.8	38.5
51	110.5	23.7	16.1	27.0	111.5	41.5
52	114.5	24.0	16.6	28.6	119.1	43.6
1	116.7	24.2	16.9	29.8	124.7	45.1
2	117.9	24.2	17.0	30.1	126.6	45.7
3	118.3	24.6	17.1	30.4	127.3	46.0
4	119.0	24.7	17.2	30.4	127.6	46.1

Pediatric Influenza Hospitalizations and Deaths

In week 4, less than five influenza-associated pediatric (≤16 years of age) hospitalizations and less than five ICU admissions were reported by the Immunization Monitoring Program Active (IMPACT) network (Figure 9). All but one hospitalization reported in week 4 was associated with influenza A. No influenza-associated pediatric deaths have been reported since week 51 (end of December).

To date this season (August 28, 2022 to January 28, 2023):

• 1,544 pediatric influenza-associated hospitalizations have been reported.
• Children aged between 2-4 years and 5-9 years account for 55% of the reported pediatric hospitalizations (Figure 10).
• 197 ICU admissions were reported; children aged between 2-4 years and 5-9 years account 52% of the reported pediatric ICU admissions.
• 8 influenza-associated pediatric deaths have been reported.

Figure 9 - Text description

Surveillance week	2022-2023	2021-2022	Average	Min	Max
35	1	0	0	0	1
36	1	0	1	0	2
37	0	0	1	0	2
38	1	0	1	0	2
39	1	0	1	0	3
40	1	0	1	0	2
41	4	0	2	0	3
42	7	0	3	0	7
43	40	0	4	1	11
44	94	0	6	1	21
45	143	0	9	2	36
46	195	0	12	1	37
47	228	1	12	1	35
48	250	1	19	2	46
49	203	1	22	3	41
50	171	0	32	4	54
51	101	2	44	5	82
52	51	1	66	14	120
1	30	1	63	21	114
2	9	0	49	12	94
3	10	0	51	27	82
4	3	0	58	34	93
5	N/A	0	59	25	120
6	N/A	0	60	15	113
7	N/A	0	59	17	118
8	N/A	1	65	25	134
9	N/A	1	58	12	151
10	N/A	0	54	17	135
11	N/A	0	51	16	118
12	N/A	0	39	13	87
13	N/A	8	32	15	66
14	N/A	7	29	12	56
15	N/A	18	25	11	56
16	N/A	19	23	11	41
17	N/A	23	19	9	37
18	N/A	48	16	8	28
19	N/A	36	11	5	19
20	N/A	29	10	0	18
21	N/A	32	6	4	9
22	N/A	14	6	1	9
23	N/A	16	3	1	7
24	N/A	12	3	1	6
25	N/A	9	2	0	5
26	N/A	6	1	0	3
27	N/A	3	1	0	2
28	N/A	7	1	0	2
29	N/A	2	1	0	3
30	N/A	3	1	0	1
31	N/A	1	0	0	0
32	N/A	0	0	0	0
33	N/A	1	0	0	2
34	N/A	0	1	0	2

Figure 10 - Text description

Age Group	Total
0-5 mo	172
6-23 mo	281
2-4 yr	488
5-9 yr	368
10-16 yr	235

Influenza Strain Characterization

Since September 1, 2022, the National Microbiology Laboratory (NML) has characterized 295 influenza viruses (273 A(H3N2), 22 A(H1N1)) received from Canadian laboratories.

Genetic Characterization of Influenza A(H3N2)

Four influenza A(H3N2) viruses did not grow to sufficient hemagglutination titers for antigenic characterization by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays. Therefore, NML has performed genetic characterization to determine the genetic group identity of these viruses.

Sequence analysis of the HA genes of the viruses showed that they belonged to genetic group 3C.2a1b.2a2.

A/Darwin/6/2021 (H3N2)-like virus is an influenza A/H3N2 component of the 2022-23 Northern Hemisphere influenza vaccine and belongs to genetic group 3C.2a1b.2a2.

Antigenic Characterization

Influenza A(H3N2)

• Of the 269 influenza A (H3N2) viruses characterized, 263 were characterized as antigenically similar to A/Darwin/6/2021 (H3N2)-like virus with antisera raised against cell-grown A/Darwin/6/2021 (H3N2)-like virus. Six viruses showed reduced titer with antisera raised against cell-grown A/Darwin/6/2021 (H3N2)-like virus.
  • A/Darwin/6/2021 (H3N2)-like virus is an influenza A/H3N2 component of the 2022-23 Northern Hemisphere influenza vaccine.
• The 269 influenza A(H3N2) viruses characterized belonged to genetic group 3C.2a1b.2a2.

Influenza A(H1N1)

• 22 influenza A (H1N1) viruses were characterized as antigenically similar to A/Wisconsin/588/2019-like with ferret antisera produced against cell-propagated A/Wisconsin/588/2019.
  • A/Wisconsin/588/2019 is the influenza A/H1N1 component of the 2022-23 Northern Hemisphere influenza vaccine.

Antiviral Resistance

The NML also tests influenza viruses received from Canadian laboratories for antiviral resistance.

Oseltamivir

261 influenza viruses (241 A(H3N2) and 20 A(H1N1)) were tested for resistance to oseltamivir and it was found that:

• All influenza viruses were sensitive to oseltamivir.

Zanamivir

261 influenza viruses (241 A(H3N2) and 20 A(H1N1)) were tested for resistance to zanamivir and it was found that:

• All influenza viruses were sensitive to zanamivir.

Influenza Vaccine Monitoring

Vaccine monitoring refers to activities related to the monitoring of influenza vaccine coverage and effectiveness.

Vaccine Coverage

Influenza vaccine coverage estimates for the 2022-2023 season are anticipated to be available in February or March 2023.

Vaccine Effectiveness

The Canadian Sentinel Practitioner Surveillance Network (SPSN) provides estimates of the effectiveness of the seasonal influenza vaccine in preventing medically-attended illness due to laboratory-confirmed influenza among Canadians.

Based on data collected between November 1, 2022 and January 6, 2023, vaccine effectiveness (VE) was estimated to be 54% against influenza A(H3N2). Due to the dominant circulation of influenza A(H3N2) this season, the VE estimate was only available for one influenza subtype. By age group, VE was 47% (95% CI 11 to 69) for individuals under the age of 19 years, 58% (95% CI 33 to 73) for adults aged 20-64 years and 59% (95% CI 15 to 80) for adults 65 years and older. The SPSN interim estimates are published and available online.

Updated influenza VE estimates, if available, will be published at the end of the 2022-2023 influenza season.

Provincial and International Surveillance Links

See Influenza surveillance resources

Notes

The data in the FluWatch report represent surveillance data available at the time of writing. All data are preliminary and may change as updates are received.

To learn more about the FluWatch program, see the Overview of influenza monitoring in Canada page.

For more information on the flu, see our Flu (influenza) web page.

We would like to thank all the FluWatch surveillance partners participating in this year's influenza surveillance program.

This report is available on the Government of Canada Influenza webpage.

Ce rapport est disponible dans les deux langues officielles.