References: Report on Sexually Transmitted Infections in Canada: 2012

References

Footnote 1

Stamm WE. Chlamydia trachomatis infections of the adult. In: Holmes KK, Sparling PF, Mardh P, Lemon SM, Stamm WE, Piot P, et al, editors. Sexually transmitted diseases. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1999. p. 407-422.

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Footnote 2

Expert working group for the Canadian Guidelines on Sexually Transmitted Infections. Chlamydial Infections. In: Wong T, Latham-Carmanico C, editors. Canadian Guidelines on Sexually Transmitted Infections. 2010th ed. Ottawa: Public Health Agency of Canada; 2010.

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Footnote 3

Fleming DT, Wasserheit JN. From epidemiological synergy to public health policy and practice: the contribution of other sexually transmitted diseases to sexual transmission of HIV infection. Sex Transm Infect 1999 Feb;75(1):3-17.

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Footnote 4

Expert working group for the Canadian Guidelines on Sexually Transmitted Infections. Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV). In: Wong T, Latham-Carmanico C, editors. Canadian Guidelines on Sexually Transmitted Infections. 2010th ed. Ottawa: Public Health Agency of Canada; 2010.

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Footnote 5

Kropp RY, Wong T, Canadian LGV Working Group. Emergence of lymphogranuloma venereum in Canada. CMAJ 2005 Jun 21;172(13):1674-1676.

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Footnote 6

Bremer V, Meyer T, Marcus U, Hamouda O. Lymphogranuloma venereum emerging in men who have sex with men in Germany. Euro Surveill 2006 Sep;11(9):152-154.

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Footnote 7

Koedijk FD, de Boer IM, de Vries HJ, Thiesbrummel HF, van der Sande MA. An ongoing outbreak of lymphogranuloma venereum in the Netherlands, 2006-2007. Euro Surveill 2007 Apr 19;12(4):E070419.2.

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Footnote 8

Jebbari H, Alexander S, Ward H, Evans B, Solomou M, Thornton A, et al. Update on lymphogranuloma venereum in the United Kingdom. Sex Transm Infect 2007 Jul;83(4):324-326.

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Footnote 9

HIV, STD and Hepatitis Prevention Branch, Public Health Services, Health and Human Services Agency, San Diego County. Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) update. 2005.

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Footnote 10

Savage EJ, van de Laar MJ, Gallay A, van der Sande M, Hamouda O, Sasse A, et al. Lymphogranuloma venereum in Europe, 2003-2008. Euro Surveill 2009 Dec 3;14(48):19428.

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Footnote 11

McKay A, Barrett M. Rising reported rates of chlamydia among young women in Canada: what do they tell us about trends in the actual prevalence of the infection? The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality 2008;17(1-2):61-69.

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Footnote 12

Rekart ML, Brunham RC. Epidemiology of chlamydial infection: are we losing ground? Sex Transm Infect 2008 Apr;84(2):87-91.

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Footnote 13

Tuite AR, Jayaraman GC, Allen VG, Fisman DN. Estimation of the burden of disease and costs of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Canada. Sex Transm Dis 2012 Apr;39(4):260-267.

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Footnote 14

Lee V, Tobin JM, Foley E. Relationship of cervical ectopy to chlamydia infection in young women. J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care 2006 Apr;32(2):104-106.

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Footnote 15

Junior JE, Giraldo PC, Goncalves AK, do Amaral RL, Linhares IM. Uterine cervical ectopy during reproductive age: cytological and microbiological findings. Diagn Cytopathol 2014 May;42(5):401-404.

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Footnote 16

Riera-Montes M, Velicko I. The chlamydia surveillance system in Sweden delivers relevant and accurate data: results from the system evaluation, 1997-2008. Euro Surveill 2011 Jul 7;16(27):19907.

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Footnote 17

Machalek K, Hanley B, Kajiwara J, Pasquali P, Stannard C. Chlamydia screening practices among physicians and community nurses in Yukon, Canada. International journal of circumpolar health 2013;72(22447).

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Footnote 18

Galdas PM, Cheater F, Marshall P. Men and health help-seeking behaviour: literature review. J Adv Nurs 2005 Mar;49(6):616-623.

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Footnote 19

Brunham RC, Rekart ML. The arrested immunity hypothesis and the epidemiology of chlamydia control. Sex Transm Dis 2008 Jan;35(1):53-54.

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Footnote 20

Brunham RC, Pourbohloul B, Mak S, White R, Rekart ML. The unexpected impact of a Chlamydia trachomatis infection control program on susceptibility to reinfection. J Infect Dis 2005 Nov 15;192(10):1836-1844.

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Footnote 21

Lyytikainen E, Kaasila M, Koskela P, Lehtinen M, Patama T, Pukkala E, et al. Chlamydia trachomatis seroprevalence atlas of Finland 1983-2003. Sex Transm Infect 2008 Feb;84(1):19-22.

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Footnote 22

US Department of Health and Human Services. , CDC WONDER on-line database. 2011. Accessed 11/30, 2011.

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Footnote 23

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2010. 2011.

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Footnote 24

The Kirby Institute. HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmissible infections in Australia annual surveillance report 2011. 2011.

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Footnote 25

Seyan P. 2010 STI surveillance data for England. 2011.

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Footnote 26

Statistics Canada. Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) data user guide: cycle 2. 2013 April 2013.

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Footnote 27

Rotermann M, Langlois KA, Severini A, Totten S. Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and herpes simplex virus type 2: Results from the 2009 to 2011 Canadian Health Measures Survey. Health Reports 2013 April 2013;24(4):10-15.

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Footnote 28

Linedegger M, Salway Hottes T, Gilbert M, Lester R, Imperial M, Hoang L. Lymphogranuloma venereum in British Columbia: 2004 to 2011. Epidemiology and Surveillance, Clinical Prevention Services 2012.

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Footnote 29

Public Health Agency of Canada. Canadian guidelines for sexual health education. Ottawa: Public Health Agency of Canada; 2008.

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Footnote 30

Hook EW, Handsfield HH. Gonococcal infections in the adult. In: Holmes KK, Sparling PF, Mardh P, Lemon SM, Stamm WE, Piot P, et al, editors. Sexually transmitted diseases. 3rd ed. New York: Mc-Graw Hill; 1999. p. 451-466.

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Footnote 31

Expert working group for the Canadian Guidelines on Sexually Transmitted Infections. Gonococcal infections. In: Wong T, Latham-Carmanico C, editors. Canadian guidelines on sexually transmitted infections. 2010th ed. Ottawa: Public Health Agency of Canada; 2010.

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Footnote 32

Lewis DA. The Gonococcus fights back: is this time a knock out? Sex Transm Infect 2010 Nov;86(6):415-421.

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Footnote 33

Unemo M, Golparian D, Nicholas R, Ohnishi M, Gallay A, Sednaoui P. High-level cefixime- and ceftriaxone-resistant N. gonorrhoeae in Europe (France): novel penA mosaic allele in a successful international clone causes treatment failure. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011 Dec 12.

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Footnote 34

Unemo M, Golparian D, Stary A, Eigentler A. First Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain with resistance to cefixime causing gonorrhoea treatment failure in Austria, 2011. Euro Surveill 2011 Oct 27;16(43):19998.

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Footnote 35

Unemo M, Golparian D, Syversen G, Vestrheim DF, Moi H. Two cases of verified clinical failures using internationally recommended first-line cefixime for gonorrhoea treatment, Norway, 2010. Euro Surveill 2010 Nov 25;15(47):19721.

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Footnote 36

Public Health Agency of Canada. National surveillance of antimicrobial sensitivities ofNeisseria gonorrhoeae annual summary 2012. 2014.

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Footnote 37

Gilbert M, Rekart ML. Recent trends in chlamydia and gonorrhea in British Columbia. BCMJ 2009 Dec;51(10):435.

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Footnote 38

Rietmeijer CA, Patnaik JL, Judson FN, Douglas JM,Jr. Increases in gonorrhea and sexual risk behaviors among men who have sex with men: a 12-year trend analysis at the Denver Metro Health Clinic. Sex Transm Dis 2003 Jul;30(7):562-567.

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Footnote 39

Mayer KH. Sexually transmitted diseases in men who have sex with men. Clin Infect Dis 2011 Dec;53 Suppl 3:S79-83.

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Footnote 40

Martin I, Jayaraman G, Wong T, Liu G, Gilmour M, Canadian Public Health Laboratory Network. Trends in antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in Canada: 2000-2009. Sex Transm Dis 2011 Oct;38(10):892-898.

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Footnote 41

Martin I, Sawatzky P, Allen V, Hoang L, Lefebvre B, Mina N], et al. Emergence and characterization of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates With decreased susceptibilities to ceftriaxone and cefixime in Canada: 2001-2010. Sexually Transmitted Diseases 2011;39(12):1-8.

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Footnote 42

Plitt S, Boyington C, Sutherland K, Lovgren M, Tilley P, Read R, et al. Antimicrobial resistance in gonorrhea: the influence of epidemiologic and laboratory surveillance data on treatment guidelines: Alberta, Canada 2001-2007. Sex Transm Dis 2009 Oct;36(10):665-669.

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Footnote 43

Public Health Agency of Canada. . 2011. Accessed 03/16, 2012.

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Footnote 44

Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion (Public Health Ontario). Guidelines for testing and treatment of gonorrhea in Ontario. 2013.

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Footnote 45

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update to CDC's sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2010: oral cephalosporins no longer a recommended treatment for gonococcal infections. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2012;61(31):590-594.

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Footnote 46

Expert working group for the Canadian Guidelines on Sexually Transmitted Infections. Syphilis. In: Wong T, Latham-Carmanico C, editors. Canadian guidelines on sexually transmitted infections. 2010th ed. Ottawa: Public Health Agency of Canada; 2010.

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Footnote 47

Buchacz K, Patel P, Taylor M, Kerndt PR, Byers RH, Holmberg SD, et al. Syphilis increases HIV viral load and decreases CD4 cell counts in HIV-infected patients with new syphilis infections. AIDS 2004 Oct 21;18(15):2075-2079.

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Footnote 48

Pialoux G, Vimont S, Moulignier A, Buteux M, Abraham B, Bonnard P. Effect of HIV infection on the course of syphilis. AIDS Rev 2008 Apr-Jun;10(2):85-92.

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Footnote 49

Narula T, Kamboj S, Martinez J, Engel LS. Co-infection: HIV and the great mimic syphilis. HIV Clin 2010 Spring;22(2):7-10.

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Footnote 50

Genc M, Ledger WJ. Syphilis in pregnancy. Sex Transm Infect 2000 Apr;76(2):73-79.

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Footnote 51

Walker DG, Walker GJ. Prevention of congenital syphilis--time for action. Bull World Health Organ 2004 Jun;82(6):401.

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Footnote 52

Wendel GD,Jr, Sheffield JS, Hollier LM, Hill JB, Ramsey PS, Sanchez PJ. Treatment of syphilis in pregnancy and prevention of congenital syphilis. Clin Infect Dis 2002 Oct 15;35(Suppl 2):S200-9.

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Footnote 53

Singh AE, Sutherland K, Lee B, Robinson JL, Wong T. Resurgence of early congenital syphilis in Alberta. CMAJ 2007 Jul 3;177(1):33-36.

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Footnote 54

Fenton KA, Imrie J. Increasing rates of sexually transmitted diseases in homosexual men in Western europe and the United States: why? Infect Dis Clin North Am 2005 Jun;19(2):311-331.

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Footnote 55

Mansergh G, Flores S, Koblin B, Hudson S, McKirnan D, Colfax GN, et al. Alcohol and drug use in the context of anal sex and other factors associated with sexually transmitted infections: results from a multi-city study of high-risk men who have sex with men in the USA. Sex Transm Infect 2008 Nov;84(6):509-511.

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Footnote 56

Jayaraman GC, Read RR, Singh A. Characteristics of individuals with male-to-male and heterosexually acquired infectious syphilis during an outbreak in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Sex Transm Dis 2003 Apr;30(4):315-319.

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Footnote 57

Bruce D, Harper GW, Suleta K, The Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions. Sexual risk behavior and risk reduction beliefs among HIV-positive young men who have sex with men. AIDS Behav 2013;17(4):1515-1523.

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Footnote 58

Jin F, Prestage GP, Templeton DJ, Poynten IM, Donovan B, Zablotska I, et al. The impact of HIV seroadaptive behaviors on sexually transmissible infections in HIV-negative homosexual men in Sydney, Australia. Sex Transm Dis 2012 Mar;39(3):191-194.

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Footnote 59

Marcus U, Schmidt AJ, Hamouda O. HIV serosorting among HIV-positive men who have sex with men is associated with increased self-reported incidence of bacterial sexually transmissible infections. Sex Health 2011 Jun;8(2):184-193.

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Footnote 60

Chang CC, Leslie DE, Spelman D, Chua K, Fairley CK, Street A, et al. Symptomatic and asymptomatic early neurosyphilis in HIV-infected men who have sex with men: a retrospective case series from 2000 to 2007. Sex Health 2011 Jun;8(2):207-213.

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Footnote 61

Taylor MM, Aynalem G, Olea LM, He P, Smith LV, Kerndt PR. A consequence of the syphilis epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM): neurosyphilis in Los Angeles, 2001-2004. Sex Transm Dis 2008 May;35(5):430-434.

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Footnote 62

Ogilvie G, Knowles L, Wong E, Taylor D, Tigchelaar J, Brunt C, et al. Incorporating a social networking approach to enhance contact tracing in a heterosexual outbreak of syphilis. Sex Transm Infect 2005 Apr;81(2):124-127.

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Footnote 63

Patrick DM, Rekart ML, Jolly A, Mak S, Tyndall M, Maginley J, et al. Heterosexual outbreak of infectious syphilis: epidemiological and ethnographic analysis and implications for control. Sex Transm Infect 2002 Apr;78 Suppl 1:i164-9.

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