Population-Specific Status Report: HIV/AIDS and Other Sexually Transmitted and Blood Borne Infections among Youth in Canada

Table of Contents

• Foreword
• Acknowledgements
• List of Tables
• List of Figures
• List of Appendices
• List of Acronyms
• Executive Summary
• Chapter 1 – Introduction
  • 1.1 Methodology
• Chapter 2 – Demographic Profile
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Social demographics of youth in Canada
    • 2.2.1 Geographical distribution
    • 2.2.2 Sex and gender
    • 2.2.3 Marital status
    • 2.2.4 Sexual orientation
    • 2.2.5 Ethnic diversity, immigration and linguistic diversity
    • 2.2.6 Residence
  • 2.3 Education, employment and income
    • 2.3.1 Education
    • 2.3.2 Employment
    • 2.3.3 Income
  • 2.4 Youth and the criminal justice system
  • 2.5 Physical health
    • 2.5.1 Mortality
    • 2.5.2 Obesity and physical illness
    • 2.5.3 Child abuse, maltreatment and neglect
  • 2.6 Health behaviours
    • 2.6.1 Substance use
    • 2.6.2 Sexual behaviour
  • 2.7 Mental health and mental illness
    • 2.7.1 Mental health
    • 2.7.2 Mental illness
• Chapter 3 – The Epidemiology of HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted and Blood Borne Infections among Youth in Canada
  • 3.1 Introduction and context
    • 3.1.1 Data limitations
  • 3.2 National data: reported number of positive HIV test reports
    • 3.2.1 Sex and gender
    • 3.2.2 Geography
    • 3.2.3 Exposure categories – overview
    • 3.2.4 HIV exposure categories in youth
      • 3.2.4.1 Perinatal exposure
    • 3.2.5 Race/ethnicity and HIV among youth
    • 3.2.6 Sex and race/ethnicity
    • 3.2.7 Exposure category and race/ethnicity
  • 3.3 National data: reported number of AIDS cases
    • 3.3.1 Sex and gender
    • 3.3.2 Youth and race/ethnicity
  • 3.4 National data: reported number of positive test reports for select STBBIs
    • 3.4.1 Chlamydia
    • 3.4.2 Gonorrhea
    • 3.4.3 Infectious syphilis
    • 3.4.4 Hepatitis B
    • 3.4.5 Hepatitis C
  • 3.5 Results from national enhanced surveillance among key populations
    • 3.5.1 Enhanced Street Youth Surveillance (E-SYS)
    • 3.5.2 M-Track
    • 3.5.3 I-Track
  • 3.6 Summary
• Chapter 4 – Determinants of Vulnerability to and Resilience against HIV and Other STBBIs among Youth
  • 4.1 Socio-economic status: education, employment and income
    • 4.1.1 Education
    • 4.1.2 Employment
    • 4.1.3 Household and personal income
  • 4.2 Gender
    • 4.2.1 Gender norms
  • 4.3 Sexual orientation
  • 4.4 Culture, Race and Ethnicity
    • 4.4.1 Immigration
  • 4.5 Healthy Child Development
    • 4.5.1 Family connectedness
    • 4.5.2 Substance use during pregnancy
    • 4.5.3 Sense of community belonging
    • 4.5.4 Childhood stressors
  • 4.6 Social environments
    • 4.6.1 Peer influences
    • 4.6.2 School environment
    • 4.6.3 Support for youth living with HIV
  • 4.7 Mental health and mental illness
    • 4.7.1 Mental health
    • 4.7.2 Mental illness
  • 4.8 Physical environments
    • 4.8.1 Unstable housing, homelessness and living arrangements
    • 4.8.2 Youth and the criminal justice system
  • 4.9 Personal health practices
    • 4.9.1 Sexual health education
    • 4.9.2 Perceptions of HIV risk and HIV testing
  • 4.10 Access to health services and information
    • 4.10.1 Geographical location and physical environment
    • 4.10.2 Access to confidential health services
    • 4.10.3 Discrimination
  • 4.11 Summary
• Chapter 5 - Current HIV/AIDS Research
  • 5.1 Methodology
    • 5.1.1 Methodological limitations
  • 5.2 Overview of research projects funded between 2008-2011
    • 5.2.1 Geographic location
    • 5.2.2 Specific populations of youth
    • 5.2.3 Determinants of health
    • 5.2.4 Community research capacity, research dissemination, health policy research and knowledge transfer
    • 5.2.5 Resilience
  • 5.3 Areas for further research
• Chapter 6 – Current Response to HIV/AIDS among Youth
  • 6.1 Methodology
  • 6.2 Overview
  • 6.3 Population-specific strategies
    • 6.3.1 National population-specific strategies
    • 6.3.2 Provincial population-specific strategies
  • 6.4 Youth-specific networks, coalitions and advisory bodies
  • 6.5 Program analysis
    • 6.5.1 Types of organizations
    • 6.5.2 Geographic location of projects
    • 6.5.3 Projects addressing specific populations of youth
  • 6.6 Other relevant initiatives
  • 6.7 Summary
• Chapter 7 – Conclusion
• Glossary