References: The Chief Public Health Officer's Report on the State of Public Health in Canada, 2009

References

  1. Government of Canada. (2006-12-06). Bill C-5: Public Health Agency of Canada Act. LS-523E.
  2. Last, J. M. (2001). A dictionary of epidemiology. (New York: Oxford University Press Inc.).
  3. Graham, H. & Power, C. (2004). Childhood disadvantage and adult health: a lifecourse framework. (London: Health Development Agency).
  4. Last, J. M. (2007). A Dictionary of Public Health. (New York: Oxford University Press Inc.).
  5. Hertzman, C. & Power, C. (2003). Health and Human Development: Understandings From Life-Course Research. Developmental Neuropsychology, 24(2&3), 719–744.
  6. Canadian Partnership for Children's Health & Environment. (2005). Child Health and the Environment - A Primer.
  7. Whiteman, D. C., Whiteman, C. A., & Green, A. C. (2001). Childhood sun exposure as a risk factor for melanoma: a systematic review of epidemiologic studies. Cancer Causes and Control, 12(1), 69–82.
  8. Children's Environmental Health Project. (2000). Long-Latency Carcinogens. Retrieved on April 20, 2009, from  www.cape.ca/children/cancer4.html
  9. Siskind, V., Aitken, J., Green, A., & Martin, N. (2002). Sun Exposure and Interaction with Family History in risk of Melanoma, Queensland, Australia. International Journal of Cancer, 97(1), 90–95.
  10. Hertzman, C. (1999). Population Health and Human Development. In D.P.Keating & C. Hertzman (Eds.), Developmental Health and the Wealth of Nations: Social, Biological, and Educational Dynamics (pp. 21–40). (New York: Guilford Press).
  11. Holly, E. A., Kelly, J. W., Shpall, S. N., & Chiu, SH. (1987). Number of melanocytic nevi as a major risk factor for malignant melanoma. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 17(3), 459–468.
  12. Wannamethee, S. G., Whincup, P. H., Shaper, G., & Walker, M. (1996). Influence of fathers' social class on cardiovascular disease in middle-aged men. The Lancet, 348, 1259–1263.
  13. Power, C., Manor, O., & Matthews, S. (1999). The duration and timing of exposure: effects of socioeconomic environment on adult health. American Journal of Public Health, 89(7), 1059–1065.
  14. Government of British Columbia. (2008). Indicators of Early Childhood Health & Well-Being in British Columbia.
  15. Asthana, S. & Halliday, J. (2006). What works in tackling health inequalities? Pathways, policies and practice through the lifecourse. (Bristol: The Policy Press).
  16. Hertzman, C. & Power, C. (2005). A Life Course Approach to Health and Human Development. In Healthier Societies: From Analysis to Action (pp. 83–106). (New York: Oxford University Press).
  17. Canadian Council on Learning. (2006-02-01). Lessons in Learning: How parents foster early literacy. Retrieved on April 15, 2009, from  www.ccl-cca.ca/pdfs/LessonsInLearning/Feb-01-06-How-parents-foste.pdf
  18. Canadian Council on Learning. (2007). Report on Learning in Canada 2007. State of Learning in Canada: No Time for Complacency.
  19. Power, C. & Hertzman, C. (1999). Health, Well-Being, and Coping Skills. In D.P.Keating & C. Hertzman (Eds.), Developmental Health and the Wealth of Nations: Social, Biological, and Educational Dynamics (pp. 41–54). (New York: Guilford Press).
  20. Tremblay, R. E., Masse, B., Perron, D., Leblanc, M., Schwartzman, A. E., & Ledingham, J. E. (1992). Early Disruptive Behavior, Poor School Achievement, Delinquent Behavior, and Delinquent Personality: Longitudinal Analyses. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60(1), 64-72.
  21. Galobardes, B., Lynch, J. W., & Smith, G. D. (2004). Childhood Socioeconomic Circumstances and Cause-specific Mortality in Adulthood: Systematic Review and Interpretation. Epidemiologic Reviews, 26(1), 7–21.
  22. Forrest, C. B. & Riley, A. W. (2004). Childhood Origins of Adult Health: A Basis for Life-Course Health Policy. Health Affairs, 23(5), 155–164.
  23. Lynch, J. & Davey Smith, G. (2005). A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology. Annual Review of Public Health, 26, 1–35.
  24. Contra Costa Health Services, Family, Maternal, and Child and Adolescent Health. (2005). The Life Course Model and Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health: An Overview.
  25. McCain, M. & Mustard, J. F. (1999). Reversing the Real Brain Drain, Early Years Study, Final Report. (Toronto: Children's Secretariat).
  26. Lincoln, P. (2007). Healthy childhood and a life-course approach to public health. In S.Griffiths & D. J. Hunter (Eds.), New Perspectives in Public Health Second ed., (pp. 149-157). (Oxford: Radcliffe Publishing).
  27. Health Council of Canada. (2006). Their Future is Now: Healthy Choices for Canada's Children and Youth. (Toronto: Health Council of Canada).
  28. Nores, M., Belfield, C. R., Barnett, W. S., & Schweinhart, L. (2005). Updating the Economic Impacts of the High/Scope Perry Preschool Program. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 27(3), 245–261.
  29. Rolnick, A. & Grunewald, R. (2003). Early Childhood Development: Economic Development with High Public Return. fedgazette, March 2003, 6–12.
  30. Butler-Jones, D. (2008). The Chief Public Health Officer's Report on the State of Public Health in Canada, 2008 - Addressing Health Inequalities. (Ottawa: Public Health Agency of Canada).
  31. Davies, M. (1985). The fruits of their own labour. In E.Bernard (Ed.), Working lives: Vancouver, 1886-1986 (pp. 101-102). (Vancouver: New Star Books).
  32. Mercier, M. E. & Boone, C. G. (2002). Infant mortality in Ottawa, Canada, 1901: Assessing cultural, economic and environmental factors. Journal of Historical Geography, 28(4), 486–507.
  33. McInnis, M. (1990). The Demographic Transition. In D.Kerr & D. W. Holdsworth (Eds.), Historical Atlas of Canada: Volume III: Addressing the Twentieth Century - 1891–1961. (pp. 101–102). (Toronto: University of Toronto Press).
  34. Barmaki, R. (2007). The Bourgeois Order and the 'Normal' Child: The case of Ontario, 1867-1900. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 5(3), 263–276.
  35. Neff, C. (2008). Government Approaches to Child Neglect and Mistreatment. Social History, 41(81), 165-214.
  36. Government of Ontario, Nickalls, J., Thomson, H. C., Macfarlane, J., Great Britain, & Québec (Province) (1831). An Act to provide for the Education of Orphan Children. In The statutes of the province of Upper Canada [1792-1831]: together with such British Statutes, ordinances of Quebec, and proclamations, as relate to the said province. (Kingston: Francis M. Hill).
  37. Gleason, M. (2005). From "Disgraceful Carelessness" to "Intelligent Precaution": Accidents and the Public Child in English Canada, 1900–1950. Journal of Family History, 30(2), 230–241.
  38. McCord Museum. (2008). Keys to History: EduWeb. Retrieved on July 22, 2008, from  www.mccord-museum.qc.ca/en/eduweb/texts/textbooks/conditions/
  39. Human Resources and Social Development Canada (Labour Law Analysis - International and Intergovernmental Labour Affairs). (2006-10-16). Minimum Age for Employment in Canada. Retrieved on July 28, 2008, from  www.hrsdc.gc.ca/en/lp/spila/clli/eslc/minage(e).pdf
  40. Canadian Museum of Civilization Corporation. (2002-07-08). Canadian Labour History, 1890-1999: Workers Unite. Working Children. Retrieved on July 28, 2008, from  www.civilization.ca/cmc/exhibitions/hist/labour/labv16e.shtml
  41. Bradbury, B. (1982). The Fragmented Family: Family Strategies in the Face of Death, Illness, and Poverty, Montreal, 1860-1893. In J.Parr (Ed.), Childhood and Family in Canadian History (pp. 109–128). (McClelland and Stewart Limited).
  42. Finkel, A. (2006). Early Canada: Continuity and Change, 1867-1914. In Social Policy and Practice in Canada: A History (pp. 65-93). (Waterloo: Wilfred Laurier University Press).
  43. Oreopoulos, P. (2005). Canadian Compulsory School Laws and their Impact on Educational Attainment and Future Earnings. (Statistics Canada).
  44. Obomsawin, R. (2007). Historical and Scientific Perspectives on the Health of Canada's First Peoples.
  45. Crengle, S., Freemantle, J., Gallaher, G., McAullay, D., McShane, K., & Taualii, M. (2009). Indigenous Children's Health Report: Health Assessment in Action.
  46. Waldram, J. B., Herring, D. A., & Young, T. K. (1995). Aboriginal Health in Canada: Historical, Cultural, and Epidemiological Perspectives. (University of Toronto Press).
  47. Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. (1996). Highlights from the Report of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples.
  48. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. (2003-08-14). A Lost Heritage: Canada's Residential Schools. A New Future. Retrieved on August 18, 2008, from the CBC Digital Archives Website  www.archives.cbc.ca/society/education/topics/692-4003/
  49. Funk-Unrau, N. & Snyder, A. (2007). Indian residential school survivors and state-designed ADR: A strategy for co-optation? Conflict Resolution Quarterly, 24(3), 285–304.
  50. Assembly of First Nations. (2007). First Nations Regional Longitudinal Health Survey (RHS) 2002/03.
  51. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. (2009). Indian residential schools. Retrieved on June 22, 2009, from  www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2008/05/16/f-faqs-residential-schools.html
  52. Public Health Agency of Canada (2006). Canadian Immunization Guide. (Seventh ed.).
  53. Barreto, L. & Rutty, C. J. (2002). The Speckled Monster: Canada, Smallpox and its Eradication. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 93(4), I1-I20.
  54. Crawford, P. R. (1995). Fifty years of fluoridation. Journal of Canadian Dental Association, 61(7), 585-588.
  55. Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto. (1997). Pipe Dreams. Retrieved on March 12, 2009, from  www.toronto.ca/archives/pipedreams/chem.htm
  56. Scriver, C. R. (2004). The human genome project will not replace the physician. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 171(12), 1461–1464.
  57. Government of British Columbia. (2008-08). Pasteurized and Raw Milk. HealthLinkBC File#03. Retrieved on June 15, 2009, from  www.healthlinkbc.ca/healthfiles/hfile03.stm
  58. Lampron, N. (n.d.). Infants, Nutrition and Health in 20th Century Montreal. Retrieved on March 31, 2009, from  www.mccord-museum.qc.ca/scripts/
    explore.php?Lang=1&tableid=11&tablename=theme&elementid=46__true&contentlong
  59. University of Toronto. (2005). History of the Department of Paediatrics. Historical Perspectives. Retrieved on February 24, 2009, from  www.paeds.utoronto.ca/about/history
  60. Hick, S. (1998). Canada's Unique Social History. Social History: Mothers' Allowances. Retrieved on May 3, 2009, from  www.socialpolicy.ca/cush/m3/m3-t18.stm
  61. Hick, S. (2008). Canada's Unique Social History. History of Income Security for Children. Retrieved on September 22, 2008, from  www.socialpolicy.ca/slides/history%20of%20income%20security%20for%20
    children.htm
  62. Elatawi, H. (Producer), Terrill, S. (Director) & GAPC Entertainment Telewerx. (2003). Growing up Canadian: Health. (National Film Board of Canada).
  63. McCombie, F. & Gray, A. S. (1984). Dental Public Health in British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 75, 368-369.
  64. Richardson, S. (2002). Alberta's Provincial Travelling Clinic, 1924-42. Canadian Bulletin of Medical History, 19(1), 245–263.
  65. Elatawi, H. (Producer), Terrill, S. (Director) & GAPC Entertainment Telewerx. (2003). Growing up Canadian: Health. (National Film Board of Canada).
  66. The Aboriginal Healing Foundation. (2007). Misconceptions of Canada's Indian Residential School System. Retrieved on May 4, 2009, from  www.ahf.ca/publications/residential-schools-resources
  67. Bryce, P. H. (1922). The Story of a National Crime. (Ottawa: James Hope & Sons).
  68. Walker, J. (2009). The Indian Residential Schools Truth and Reconciliation Commission. (Ottawa: Library of Parliament).
  69. Charpentier, L., Durocher, R., Laville, C., & Linteau, P.-A. (1985). Nouvelle histoire du Québec et du Canada. (Les Éditions du Boréal Express).
  70. Statistics Canada. (2008-10-22). Series B51-58 Stillbirths and rate, infant deaths and rate by sex, neonatal death rate and maternal mortality rate, Canada, 1921-1974 [Data File]. Retrieved on January 27, 2009, from  www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/11-516-x/sectionb/4147437-eng.htm
  71. Statistics Canada. (2008-10-22). Series B23-34 Average age-specific death rates, both sexes, Canada for five year periods, 1921 to 1974 [Data File]. Retrieved on January 9, 2009, from  www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/11-516-x/sectionb/4147437-eng.htm
  72. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2007-03-16). Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. Retrieved on May 22, 2009, from https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases.html?vaccine-preventable
  73. Graham, J., Swift, K. J., & Delaney, R. (2008). Canadian Social Policy: An Introduction. (Third ed.). (Toronto: Pearsons Education Canada).
  74. Health Canada. (2004-10-01). Health Care System: Canada Health Act. Retrieved on March 31, 2009, from  www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hcs-sss/medi-assur/cha-lcs/overview-apercu-eng.php
  75. Madore, O. (2005-05-16). The Canada Health Act: Overview and Options. Retrieved on May 25, 2009, from  www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/944-e.pdf
  76. Boase, P., Jonah, B. A., & Dawson, N. (2004). Occupant restraint use in Canada. Journal of Safety Research, 35(2), 223-229.
  77. Canadian Paediatric Society. (2007). Are We Doing Enough? A status report on Canadian public policy and child and youth health. (Ottawa).
  78. Pan, S. Y., Ugnat, A.-M., Semenciw, R., DesMeules, M., Mao, Y., & MacLeod, M. (2006). Trends in childhood injury mortality in Canada, 1979–2002. Injury Prevention, 12(3), 155–160.
  79. Safe Kids Canada. (2003). Child & Youth Unintentional Injury: 1994-2003 10 Years in Review. Retrieved on October 9, 2008, from  www.mhp.gov.on.ca/english/injury_prevention/skc_injuries.pdf
  80. Health Canada. (1997). Health Canada 1997-98 Estimates, Part III - Expenditure Plan. (Ottawa: Canada Communications Group - Publishing).
  81. Public Health Agency of Canada. (1999-06-16). Measuring Up: A Health Surveillance Update on Canadian Children and Youth: Motor Vehicle Crashes. Retrieved on March 31, 2009, from www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/meas-haut/mu_x_e.html
  82. Health Canada. (1996). Building toward breakthroughs in injury control: a legislative perspective on the prevention of unintentional injuries among children and youth in Canada.
  83. World Health Organization & World Bank. (2004). World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention. (Geneva).
  84. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2003). Evaluation of Food Fortification with Folic Acid for the Primary Prevention of Neural Tube Defects. Executive Summary, 1997–2003.
  85. De Wals, P., Tairou, F., Van Allen, M. I., Uh, S.-H., Lowry, R. B., Sibbald, B. et al. (2007). Reduction in Neural-Tube Defects after Folic Acid Fortification in Canada. The New England Journal of Medicine, 357(2), 135–142.
  86. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2008-04-18). Folic Acid and Prevention of Neural Tube Defects. Retrieved on May 7, 2009, from www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/fa-af/fa-af08-eng.php
  87. Human Resources and Skills Development Canada. (2005). Summative Evaluation of EI Parental Benefits.
  88. Hunter, G. (2006). Child Poverty and the Canadian Welfare State. In A.Westhues (Ed.), Canadian Social Policy: Issues and Perspectives 4th ed., (pp. 179–202). (Waterloo: Wilfred Laurier University Press).
  89. National Child Benefit. (2007). The National Child Benefit: Progress Report.
  90. United Nations. (1989). The Convention on the Rights of the Child. Retrieved on June 2, 2009, from  www2.ohchr.org/english/law/crc.htm
  91. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2002-01-18). Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography. Retrieved on July 27, 2009, from  www2.ohchr.org/english/law/crc-sale.htm
  92. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2002-02-12). Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Retrieved on July 27, 2009, from  www2.ohchr.org/english/law/crc-conflict.htm
  93. Human Resources and Social Development Canada. (2004). A Canada Fit for Children.
  94. United Nations. (2009-08-10). United Nations Treaty Collection - 11. Convention on the Rights of the Child. Retrieved on August 10, 2009, from  www.treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-11&chapter=4&lang=en
  95. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. (1990-11-20). Convention on the Rights of the Child. Retrieved on May 20, 2009, from  www2.ohchr.org/english/law/crc.htm
  96. Health Canada. (2006). Brighter Futures and Building Healthy Communities: Evaluation Summary. September 2006.
  97. Health Canada. (2005-03-04). Aboriginal Head Start on Reserve. Retrieved on March 31, 2009, from  www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fniah-spnia/famil/develop/ahsor-papa_intro-eng.php
  98. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2008-10-08). Aboriginal Head Start. Retrieved on March 31, 2009, from www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/dca-dea/programs-mes/ahs_main-eng.php
  99. Health Canada. (2000-02-28). The National Children's Agenda: Health Canada's contribution. Retrieved on May 26, 2009, from  www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ahc-asc/performance/budget/children-enfants-eng.php
  100. Government of Canada. (1951). Indian Act. c.29. s.1.
  101. Raptis, H. (2008). Implementing Integrated Education Policy for On-Reserve Aboriginal Children in British Columbia, 1951-1981. Historical Studies in Education, 20(1), 118–146.
  102. Abele, F., Dittberber, C., & Graham, K. A. (2000). Towards a Shared Understanding in the Policy Discussion about Aboriginal Education. In M.Brant Castellano, L. Davies, & L. Lahache (Eds.), Aboriginal Education: Fulfilling the Promise (pp. 3-24). (Vancouver: UBC Press).
  103. Assembly of First Nations. (2009). Assembly of First Nations - The Story. Retrieved on May 7, 2009, from  www.afn.ca/article.asp?id=59
  104. Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. (2008-12-29). Dates in history between 1900-1980. Retrieved on May 19, 2009, from  www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/ach/lr/ks/hst/1900-eng.asp
  105. Assembly of First Nations. (n.d.). History of Indian Residential Schools. Retrieved on May 4, 2009, from  www.afn.ca/residentialschools/history.html
  106. Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples. (1996). Report of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal People. Retrieved on May 15, 2009, from  www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/webarchives/20071115053257/
    www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/ch/rcap/sg/sgmm_e.html
  107. Statistics Canada. (2008-07-09). CANSIM Table 102-0030 Infant mortality, by sex and birth weight, Canada, provinces and territories, annual [Data File]. Retrieved on December 29, 2008, from  cansim2.statcan.ca/cgi-win/cnsmcgi.pgm?Lang=E&RootDir=CII/&ResultTemplate=CII/CII___&Array_Pick=
    1&ArrayId=1020030
  108. Social Union. (n.d.). Multilateral Framework on Early Learning and Child Care. Retrieved on February 4, 2009, from  www.unionsociale.gc.ca/ecd-framework_e.htm
  109. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2004-03-30). Community Action Program for Children (CAPC) - About the Program. Retrieved on May 8, 2009, from www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/dca-dea/programs-mes/capc_goals-eng.php#eval
  110. Prairie Resource Associates Inc. (2007). Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program: Profile of Participants. Fiscal Year 2004-2005.
  111. Safe Kids Canada. (2007-01-27). Ban on Baby Walkers. Retrieved on December 9, 2008, from  www.safekidscanada.ca/SKCForMedia/section.asp?s=Media+Releases&sID=
    11445&ss=2004&ssID=11646&sss=Ban+on+Baby+Walkers&sssID=11649
  112. Government of Canada. (2009-01-20). Canada's Universal Child Care Plan. Retrieved on December 3, 2008, from  www.universalchildcare.ca/eng/support/index.shtml
  113. Canada Revenue Agency. (2008-02-26). Children's Fitness Tax Credit. Retrieved on March 31, 2009, from  www.cra-arc.gc.ca/fitness/
  114. Brownrigg, M. (2006). Recreation in Middle Childhood. An Overview: A literature review prepared for the Middle Childhood Initiative of the National Children's Alliance. (National Children's Alliance).
  115. Office of the Prime Minister. (2008-06-23). PM offers full apology on behalf of Canadians for the Indian Residential Schools system. Retrieved on July 27, 2009, from  www.pm.gc.ca/eng/media.asp?id=2146
  116. Indian Residential Schools Truth & Reconciliation Commission. (n.d.). Indian Residential Schools Truth & Reconciliation Commission. Retrieved on June 19, 2009, from  www.trc-cvr.ca/about.html
  117. Statistics Canada. (2008-01-11). CANSIM Table 102-0506 Infant mortality, by age group and sex, Canada, annual [Data File]. Retrieved March 25, 2009 from  www.cansim2.statcan.gc.ca/cgi-win/cnsmcgi.exe?Lang=E&RootDir=CII/&ResultTemplate=CII/CII___&Array_Pick=
    1&ArrayId=1020506
  118. Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2006). Table 46. Infant mortality rates, states and territories, 1901 onwards [Data File]. Retrieved on April 15, 2009, from  www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/DetailsPage/3105.0.65.0012006?
    OpenDocument
  119. National Statistics. (2005-02-17). Deaths 1921-2001.Childhood, infant and perinatal mortality: Stillbirth and infant death rates by age at death. [Data File]. Retrieved on July 20, 2009, from  www.statistics.gov.uk/STATBASE/xsdataset.asp?vlnk=
    6668&More=Y
  120. Grove, R. D. & Hetzel, A. M. (1968). Vital Statistics Rates in the United States, 1940-1960. (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Public Health Service).
  121. Linder, F. E., Grove, R. D., & Dunn, H. L. (1947). Vital Statistics Rates in the United States, 1900-1940. (Washington, D.C.: Federal Security Agency. United States Public Health Service. National Office of Vital Statistics).
  122. Statistics Sweden. (2009-02-17). Swedish Population (in one-year groups) 1860-2008 [Data File]. Retrieved on April 16, 2009, from  www.scb.se/Pages/ProductTables____25809.aspx
  123. Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. (n.d.). Live birth rates, death rates, infant mortality rates, neonatal mortality rates, natural increase rates [Data File]. Retrieved on April 16, 2009, from  www.mhlw.go.jp/english/database/db-hw/vs_8/vs0.html
  124. Human Mortality Database. (2008-10-31). Sweden Deaths, 1751-2007, 1x1 [Data File]. Retrieved on April 16, 2009, from  www.mortality.org/hmd/SWE/STATS/Deaths_1x1.txt
  125. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2008). [Analyses were performed using Health Canada's DAIS edition of anonymized microdata from the Infant mortality, Deaths per 1,000 live births, 1960 to 2007, prepared by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development].
  126. Human Mortality Database. (2008-09-29). Finland Deaths, 1878-2007, 1x1 [Data File]. Retrieved on June 22, 2009, from  www.mortality.org/hmd/FIN/STATS/Deaths_1x1.txt
  127. Human Mortality Database. (2008-09-29). Finland Births, 1865-2007, 1-year [Data File]. Retrieved on June 22, 2009, from  www.mortality.org/hmd/FIN/STATS/Births.txt
  128. Statistics Canada. (2008-12-06). Age and Sex for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories and Forward Sortation Areas, 2006 Census - 100% Data [Data File]. Retrieved on June 9, 2008, from  www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/topics/
    RetrieveProductTable.cfm? ALEVEL=3&APATH=3&CATNO=97-551-XCB2006010&DETAIL=0&DIM=&DS=99&FL=0&FREE=1&GAL=0&GC=99&GK=NA&GRP=
    1&IPS=97-551-XCB2006010&METH=0&ORDER=1&PID=88988&PTYPE=
    88971&RL=0&S=1&ShowAll=No&StartRow=1&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&Theme=66&VID
    =0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=
  129. Statistics Canada. (2009-02-17). 2006 Census Table - Persons 0-11 years old in private households in occupied private dwellings by age groups, by selected characteristics, for Canada, 2006 Census [Custom Data File].
  130. Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. (2009-03-18). 2006 Census - Aboriginal Population aged 0-11 by Area of Residence [Custom Data File].
  131. Statistics Canada. (2009-02-17). 1991 Census Table - Persons 0-11 years old in private households in occupied private dwellings by age groups, by selected characteristics, for Canada, 1991 Census [Custom Data File].
  132. Gionet, L. (2009). First Nations people: Selected findings of the 2006 Census. Canadian Social Trends, Summer 2009(87), 54–60.
  133. Gionet, L. (2009). Métis in Canada: Selected Findings of the 2006 Census. Canadian Social Trends, Summer 2009(87), 22–26.
  134. Statistics Canada. (2008). Aboriginal Peoples in Canada 2006: Inuit, Métis and First Nations, 2006 Census.
  135. Statistics Canada. (2008-09-25). CANSIM Table 102-4505 Live births, crude birth rate, age-specific and total fertility rates, Canada, provinces and territories, annual [Data File]. Retrieved on October 17, 2008, from  cansim2.statcan.ca/cgi-win/cnsmcgi.pgm?Lang=E&RootDir=CII/&ResultTemplate=CII/CII___&Array_Pick=
    1&ArrayId=1024505
  136. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2007-11-28). [Analyses were performed using Health Canada's DAIS edition of anonymized microdata from the CANSIM Table 051-0013 Births, by sex, Canada, provinces and territories, annual (persons), prepared by Statistics Canada].
  137. Statistics Canada. (2003-08-13). Live births, crude birth rate, age-specific fertility rates, gross reproduction rate and percentage of births in hospital, Canada, 1921 to 1974. Retrieved on August 27, 2008, from  www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/
    11-516-XIE/sectionb/B1_14.csv
  138. Statistics Canada. (2006). Report on the Demographic Situation in Canada, 2001.
  139. Statistics Canada. (2006). Report on the Demographic Situation in Canada, 1995.
  140. Statistics Canada. (2006). Women In Canada: A Gender-Based Statistical Report (Fifth ed.).
  141. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2006-10-25). [Analyses were performed using Health Canada's DAIS edition of anonymized microdata from the CANSIM Table 051-0001 Estimates of population, by age group and sex, Canada, provinces and territories, annual (persons unless otherwise noted), prepared by Statistics Canada].
  142. Statistics Canada. (2003). Aboriginal peoples of Canada: A demographic profile.
  143. Statistics Canada. (2008-01-15). Aboriginal identity population by age groups, median age and sex, 2006 counts, for Canada, provinces and territories - 20% sample data [Data File]. Retrieved on June 8, 2009, from  www12.statcan.gc.ca/english/census06/data/highlights/Aboriginal/pages/
    Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Table=1&Data=Count&Sex=1&Age=9&StartRec=
    1&Sort=2&Display=All
  144. Statistics Canada. (2009-04-27). CANSIM Table 102-0511 Life expectancy, abridged life table, at birth and at age 65, by sex, Canada, provinces and territories, annual (years) [Data File]. Retrieved on April 27, 2009, from  www.cansim2.statcan.ca/cgi-
    win/cnsmcgi.pgm?Lang=E&RootDir=CII/&ResultTemplate=CII/CII___&Array_Pick=
    1&ArrayId=1020511
  145. Statistics Canada. (2007-05-17). CANSIM Table 102-0121 Health-adjusted life expectancy, at birth and at age 65, by sex and income group, Canada and provinces, occasional (years) [Data File]. Retrieved on June 9, 2008, from  www.cansim2.statcan.ca/cgi-win/cnsmcgi.pgm?Lang=E&RootDir=CII/&ResultTemplate=CII/CII___&Array_Pick=
    1&ArrayId=1020121
  146. Statistics Canada. (2008-09-25). CANSIM Table 102-4512 Live births, by weeks of gestation and sex, Canada, provinces and territories, annual [Data File]. Retrieved on September 26, 2008, from  www.cansim2.statcan.ca/cgi-win/cnsmcgi.pgm?Lang=E&RootDir=CII/&ResultTemplate=CII/CII___&Array_Pick=
    1&ArrayId=1024512
  147. Statistics Canada. (2008-09-25). CANSIM Table 102-4509 Live births, by birth weight and sex, Canada, provinces and territories, annual [Data File]. Retrieved on September 26, 2008, from  www.cansim2.statcan.ca/cgi-win/cnsmcgi.pgm?Lang=E&RootDir=CII/&ResultTemplate=CII/CII___&Array_Pick=
    1&ArrayId=1024509
  148. Martin, R. P. & Dombrowski, S. C. (2008). Prenatal Exposures: Psychological and Educational Consequences for Children. (New York: Springer Science+Business Media, LLC).
  149. Statistics Canada. (2008-09-25). CANSIM Table 102-4511 Live births, birth weight indicators, by characteristics of the mother and child, Canada, annual [Data File]. Retrieved on February 20, 2009, from  www.cansim2.statcan.ca/cgi-win/cnsmcgi.pgm?Lang=E&RootDir=CII/&ResultTemplate=CII/CII___&Array_Pick=
    1&ArrayId=1024511
  150. Statistics Canada. (2008-09-25). CANSIM Table 102-4513 Live births, weeks of gestation indicators, by characteristics of the mother and child, Canada, annual [Data File]. Retrieved on February 20, 2009, from  www.cansim2.statcan.ca/cgi-win/
    cnsmcgi.pgm?Lang=E&RootDir=CII/&ResultTemplate=CII/CII___&Array_Pick=
    1&ArrayId=1024513
  151. Statistics Canada. (2008-09-25). CANSIM Table 102-4515 Live births and fetal deaths (stillbirths), by type (single or multiple), Canada, provinces and territories, annual [Data File]. Retrieved on February 20, 2009, from  www.cansim2.statcan.ca/cgi-win/
    cnsmcgi.pgm?Lang=E&RootDir=CII/&ResultTemplate=CII/CII___&Array_Pick=
    1&ArrayId=1024515
  152. KidsHealth. (2007-10). Preparing for Multiple Births. Retrieved on May 17, 2009, from  www.kidshealth.org/parent/pregnancy_newborn/pregnancy/multiple_births.html
  153. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2008). [Analyses were performed using Health Canada's DAIS edition of anonymized microdata from the General demographics, Maternal and infant mortality, Infant mortality, Deaths per 1,000 live births, prepared by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development].
  154. Statistics Canada. (2009-03-27). CANSIM Table 102-0537 Deaths, by cause, Chapter XVII: Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities (Q00 to Q99), age group and sex, Canada, annual [Data File]. Retrieved on June 12, 2009, from  www.cansim2.statcan.gc.ca/cgi-win/cnsmcgi.pgm?Lang=E&ArrayId=1020537&Array_Pick=1&RootDir=
    CII/&ResultTemplate=CII/CII___
  155. Statistics Canada. (2009-03-27). CANSIM Table 102-0536 Deaths, by cause, Chapter XVI: Certain conditions origination in the perinatal period (P00 to P96), age group and sex, Canada, annual [Data File]. Retrieved on June 12, 2009, from  www.cansim2.statcan.ca/cgi-win/cnsmcgi.pgm?Lang=E&ArrayId=1020536&Array_Pick=1&RootDir=
    CII/&ResultTemplate=CII\CII___
  156. Canadian Foundation for the Study of Infant Deaths. (2007). Number of SIDS Deaths in Canada: 1990-2003. Retrieved on November 21, 2008, from  www.sidscanada.org/images/Number_of_SIDS_Deaths_in_Canada_1990-2003.pdf
  157. Statistics Canada. (2009-03-27). CANSIM Table 102-0538 Deaths, by cause, Chapter XVIII: Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, no elsewhere classified (R00 to R99), age group and sex, Canada, annual [Data File]. Retrieved on January 20, 2009, from  www.cansim2.statcan.gc.ca/cgi-win/cnsmcgi.pgm?Lang=E&ArrayId=1020538&Array_Pick=1&RootDir=
    CII/&ResultTemplate=CII/CII___
  158. Statistics Canada. (2009-03-26). Causes of death in children 0 to 11 years of age, Canada, by age group, 2000 to 2004 [Custom Data File].
  159. Statistics Canada. (2009-04-27). CANSIM Table 102-0540 Deaths, by cause, Chapter XX: External causes of morbidity and mortality (V01 to Y89), age group and sex, Canada, annual [Data File]. Retrieved on March 30, 2009, from  www.cansim2.statcan.ca/cgi-win/cnsmcgi.pgm?Lang=E&ArrayId=1020540&Array_Pick=1&RootDir=
    CII/&ResultTemplate=CII\CII___
  160. Canadian Paediatric Society. (2008). Aboriginal child and youth health. Retrieved on March 19, 2009, from  www.cps.ca/English/advocacy/aboriginal.htm
  161. Canadian Population Health Initiative. (2004). Improving the Health of Canadians. (Ottawa: Canadian Institute for Health Information).
  162. UNICEF. (2001). A League Table of Child Deaths by Injury in Rich Nations. (Florence, Italy: UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre).
  163. Leitch, K. K. (2007). Reaching for the Top: A Report by the Advisor on Healthy Children & Youth. (Ottawa: Health Canada).
  164. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2007). Life and Breath: Respiratory Disease in Canada.
  165. Garner, R. & Kohen, D. (2008). Change in the prevalence of asthma among Canadian children. Health Reports, 19(2), 45-50.
  166. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2009). Report from the National Diabetes Surveillance System: Diabetes in Canada, 2008.
  167. Canadian Diabetes Association. (2009). Children and type 2 diabetes. Retrieved on December 17, 2008, from  www.diabetes.ca/about-diabetes/youth/type2/
  168. Canadian Cancer Society, National Cancer Institute of Canada, Public Health Agency of Canada, Statistics Canada, & Provincial/Territorial Cancer Registries. (2008). Canadian Cancer Statistics 2009.
  169. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2006). Supplement Canadian National Report on Immunization, 2006. Canada Communicable Disease Report (CCDR), 32(S3), 1-44.
  170. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2005). National Standards for Immunization Coverage Assessment: Recommendations from the Canadian Immunization Registry Network. Canada Communicable Disease Report (CCDR), 31(9), 93-96.
  171. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2008). Office of Public Health Practice, using Hospital Morbidity Database (2005) from the Canadian Institute for Health Information [Data File]. Retrieved on December 12, 2008.
  172. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2008). Office of Public Health Practice, using Hospital Morbidity Database (1995) from the Canadian Institute for Health Information [Data File]. Retrieved on May 19, 2009.
  173. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2008). Office of Public Health Practice, using Hospital Morbidity Database (2000) from the Canadian Institute for Health Information [Data File]. Retrieved on May 19, 2009.
  174. The College of Family Physicians of Canada. (2009-06-22). Head Injuries - What to watch out for afterward. Retrieved on July 15, 2009, from  www.cfpc.ca/english/cfpc/programs/patient%20education/head%20injuries/
    default.asp?s=1
  175. Australian Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health. (n.d.). Trauma and Serious Injury. Retrieved on December 9, 2008, from  www.acpmh.unimelb.edu.au/site_resources/factsheets/ACPMH-trauma_serious_injury.pdf
  176. American Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress. (n.d.). About Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children (PTSD). Retrieved on December 9, 2008, from  www.aaets.org/article147.htm
  177. Psych Central. (2008-09-11). Serious Injury Can Lead to PTSD. Retrieved on December 9, 2008, from  psychcentral.com/news/2008/09/11/serious-injury-can-lead-to-ptsd/2919.html
  178. Emedicine. (2008-03-04). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children. Retrieved on December 9, 2008, from  www.emedicine.com/ped/topic3026.htm
  179. Shields, M. (2006). Overweight and obesity among children and youth. Health Reports, 17(3), 27-42.
  180. Veugelers, P. J. & Fitzgerald, A. L. (2005). Prevalence of and risk factors for childhood overweight and obesity. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 173(6), 607-613.
  181. Oliver, L. N. & Hayes, M. V. (2008). Study: Impact of neighbourhood income on child obesity. BMC Public Health, 8(16), 16-25.
  182. Merrifield, R. (2007-03). Healthy Weights for Healthy Kids. (Ottawa: Report of the Standing Committee on Health).
  183. Canadian Institute for Health Information. (2006). Improving the Health of Canadians: Promoting Healthy Weights.
  184. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2004). [Analyses were performed using Health Canada's DAIS edition of anonymized microdata from the Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 2004 (C2.2-W1 SHR), prepared by Statistics Canada].
  185. Statistics Canada. (2008). Aboriginal Children's Survey, 2006: Family Community and Child Care.
  186. Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. (2009). Food Mail Review - Interim Report.
  187. Goran, M. I. (2001). Metabolic precursors and effects of obesity in children: a decade of progress, 1990-1999. The American Society for Clinical Nutrition, 73(2), 158-171.
  188. Plourde, G. (2006). Preventing and managing pediatric obesity. Canadian Family Physician, 52(3), 322-328.
  189. Salsberry, P. J. & Reagan, P. B. (2005). Dynamics of Early Childhood Overweight. Pediatrics, 116(6), 1329-1338.
  190. Luo, W., Morrison, H., de Groh, M., Waters, C., DesMeules, M., Jones-McLean, E. et al. (2007). The Burden of Adult Obesity in Canada. Chronic Disease in Canada, 27(4), 135-144.
  191. Jonsson, S., Hedblad, B., Nilsson, P., Burglund, G., & Janson, L. (2002). Influence of Obesity on Cardiovascular Risk. Twenty-three-year follow-up of 22 025 men from an urban Swedish population. International Journal of Obesity, 26(8), 1046-1053.
  192. Health Canada. (2003). Canadian Guidelines for Body Weight Classification in Adults.
  193. Ebbeling, C. B., Pawlak, D. B., & Ludwig, D. S. (2002). Childhood obesity: public-health crisis, common sense cure. The Lancet, 360(9331), 473-482.
  194. Strauss, R. S. (2000). Childhood Obesity and Self-Esteem. Pediatrics, 105(1), e15.
  195. Krahnstoever Davison, K. & Lipps Birch, L. (2001). Weight Status, Parent Reaction, and Self-Concept in Five-Year-Old Girls. Pediatrics, 107(1), 46-53.
  196. McCormick, S. E. & Clarke, C. I. (2004). Prevention and management of overweight/obesity in the community. British Nutrition Foundation Nutrition Bulletin, 29(3), 274-279.
  197. Angold, A. & Costello, E. J. (1995). Developmental Epidemiology. Epidemiologic Reviews, 17(1), 74-82.
  198. Canadian Institutes of Health Research. (2008). Mental Health. Retrieved on January 2, 2009, from  www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/pdf_24950.htm
  199. Government of Canada. (2006). The Human Face of Mental Health and Mental Illness in Canada.
  200. World Health Organization. (2001). The World Health Report 2001, Mental Health: New Understanding, New Hope. (Geneva).
  201. Kirby, M. J. L. & Keon, W. J. (2006). Out of the Shadows at Last: Transforming Mental Health, Mental Illness and Addiction Services in Canada. (Ottawa: Standing Committee on Social Affairs, Science and Technology).
  202. Kirby, M. J. L. & Keon, W. J. (2004-11). Report 1. Mental Health, Mental Illness and Addiction: Overview of Policies and Programs in Canada. (Ontario: Standing Senate Committee on Social Affairs, Science and Technology).
  203. Waddell, C., McEwan, K., Shepherd, C. A., Offord, D. R., & Hua, J. M. (2005). A Public Health Strategy to Improve the Mental Health of Canadian Children. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 50(4), 226-233.
  204. Waddell, C., Hua, J. M., Garland, O. M., Peters, R. D. & McEwan, K. (2002). Child Psychiatric Epidemiology and Canadian Public Policy-Making: The State of the Science and the Art of the Possible. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 47(9), 825-832.
  205. Tremblay, R. E. (2004). Decade of Behavior Distinguished Lecture: Development of Physical Aggression During Infancy. Infant Mental Health Journal, 25(5), 399-407.
  206. Learning Disabilities Association of Canada. (2002-01-30). Official Definition of Learning Disabilities. Retrieved on May 18, 2009, from  www.ldac-taac.ca/Defined/defined_new-e.asp
  207. Putting a Canadian Face on Learning Disabilities (PACFOLD). (2007). National & Provincial Data Profiles. Retrieved on May 18, 2009, from  www.pacfold.ca/profiles/index.shtml
  208. Ouellette-Kuntz, H., Coo, H., Yu, C. T., Chudley, A. E., Noonan, A., Breitenbach, M. et al. (2006). Prevalence of Pervasive Developmental Disorders in Two Canadian Provinces. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 3(3), 164-172.
  209. Fombonne, E. (2003). Epidemiological Surveys of Autism and Other Pervasive Developmental Disorders: An Update. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 33(4), 365-379.
  210. Bertrand, J., Mars, A., Boyle, C., Bove, F., Yeargin-Allsopp, M., & Decoufle, P. (2001). Prevalence of Autism in a United States Population: The Brick Township, New Jersey, Investigation. Pediatrics, 108(5), 1155-1161.
  211. Fombonne, E., Zakarian, R., Bennett, A., Meng, L., & McLean-Heywood, D. (2006). Pervasive Developmental Disorders in Montreal, Quebec, Canada: Prevalence and Links with Immunizations. Pediatrics, 118(1), e139-e150.
  212. Ouellette-Kuntz, H., Coo, H., Yu, C. T., Chudley, A. E., Noonan, A., Breitenbach, M. et al. (2005). Autism Spectrum Disorders Canadian-American Research Consortium.
  213. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. (2009-04-24). National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Autism Information Page. Retrieved on April 30, 2009, from  www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/autism/autism.htm
  214. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. (2009-04-24). National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Asperger Syndrome Information Page. Retrieved on April 30, 2009, from  www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/asperger/asperger.htm
  215. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. (2008-06-06). Rett Syndrome Fact Sheet. Retrieved on April 30, 2009, from  www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/rett/detail_rett.htm
  216. World Health Organization. (2003). Social Determinants of Health: The Solid Facts. (Denmark: The Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization).
  217. Obando, P. (2008). Health Care Disparities and the Community. Retrieved on December 9, 2008, from  www.echt.chm.msu.edu/BlockIII/Docs/CoreComp/
    B3CCHealthCareDisparitiesPPT.pdf
  218. Gouvernement du Québec. (2007). Riches de tous nos enfants. Troisième rapport national sur l'état de la populaton du Québec.
  219. Collin, C. (2007). Poverty Reduction Strategies in the United Kingdom and Ireland. (Parliamentary Information and Research Service).
  220. Raphael, D. (2002). Poverty, Income Inequality and Health in Canada. (Toronto: CSJ Foundation for Research and Education).
  221. Canadian Institute for Health Information. (2008). Reducing Gaps in Health: A Focus on Socio-Economic Status in Urban Canada. (Ottawa: Canadian Institute for Health Information).
  222. Luo, Z.-C., Wilkins, R., & Kramer, M. S. (2006). Effect of neighbourhood income and maternal education on birth outcomes: a population-based study. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 174(10), 1415-1421.
  223. Phipps, S. (2003). The Impact of Poverty on Health. (Ottawa: Canadian Institute for Health Information).
  224. Secretary of State for Health. (2009). The Government's Response to the Health Select Committee Report on Health Inequalities.
  225. United Nations. (n.d.). What is Poverty. Retrieved on March 20, 2009, from  www.unhchr.ch/development/poverty-02.html
  226. Human Resources and Skills Development Canada. (2008). Low Income in Canada: 2000-2006 Using the Market Basket Measure.
  227. Statistics Canada. (2009-03-13). Number of children aged 0-11, living in low income (after-tax), Canada [Custom Data File].
  228. Ross, D. P. & Roberts, P. (1999). Income and Child Well-being: A new perspective on the poverty debate. (Ottawa: Canadian Council on Social Development).
  229. Campaign 2000. (2008). 2007 Report Card on Child and Family Poverty in Canada.
  230. Chen, W.-H. & Corak, M. (2005). Innocenti Working Paper 2005-02. Child Poverty and Changes in Child Poverty in Rich Countries since 1990. (Florence, Italy: UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre).
  231. UNICEF. (2005). Report Card No.6 Child Poverty in Rich Countries, 2005. (Florence, Italy: UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre).
  232. UNICEF. (2007). Report Card 7 Child poverty in perspective: An overview of child well-being in rich countries. (Florence, Italy: UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre).
  233. Yalnizyan, A. (2007). The Rich and the Rest of Us - The changing face of Canada's growing gap. (Toronto: Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives).
  234. Health Disparities Task Group of the Federal/Provincial/Territorial Advisory Committee on Population Health and Health Security. (2005). Reducing Health Disparities - Roles of the Health Sector: Recommended Policy Directions and Activities.
  235. Food and Agriculture Organization. (1996-11). Rome Declaration on World Food Security and World Food Summit Plan of Action. Retrieved on January 31, 2008, from  www.fao.org/docrep/003/w3613e/w3613e00.htm
  236. Health Canada. (2007). Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 2.2, Nutrition (2004): Income-Related Household Food Security in Canada.
  237. Canadian Tuberculosis Committee. (2007). An Advisory Committee Statement (ACS) - Housing conditions that serve as risk factors for tuberculosis infection and disease.
  238. Statistics Canada. (2003). Aboriginal People's Survey 2001: Initial findings: Well-being of the non-reserve Aboriginal Population.
  239. Shaw, M. (2004). Housing and Public Health. Annual Review of Public Health, 25(1), 397-418.
  240. Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami. (2004). Backgrounder on Inuit and Housing For Discussion at Housing Sectoral Meeting, November 24 and 25th in Ottawa.
  241. Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation. (2009). 2006 Census Housing Series: Issue 3 - The Adequacy, Suitability, and Affordability of Canadian Housing, 1991–2006.
  242. Eggertson, L. (2008). Investigative report: 1766 boil-water advisories now in place across Canada. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 178(10), 1261–1263.
  243. Health Canada. (2009-02-06). Giardia And Cryptosporidium In Drinking Water. Retrieved on June 26, 2009, from  www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/pubs/water-eau/giardia_cryptosporidium-eng.php
  244. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2000-06-02). Infectious Diseases News Brief. Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infection: Ontario. Retrieved on June 26, 2009, from www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/bid-bmi/dsd-dsm/nb-ab/2000/nb2200-eng.php
  245. Statistics Canada. (2005). National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth: Home environment, income and child behaviour. The Daily, February 21, 2005, 6–9.
  246. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2005). Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect - 2003: Major Findings.
  247. Fergusson, D. M. & Lynskey, M. T. (1997). Physical Punishment/Maltreatment During Childhood and Adjustment in Young Adulthood. Child Abuse and Neglect, 21(7), 617–630.
  248. Turner, H. A., Finkelhor, D., & Ormrod, R. (2005). The effect of lifetime victimization on the mental health of children and adolescents. Social Science & Medicine, 62(1), 13–27.
  249. National Clearinghouse on Family Violence. (1998). The Consequences of Child Maltreatment: A Reference Guide for Health Practitioners.
  250. Krug, E. G., Dahlberg, L. L., Mercy, J. A., Zwi, A. B., & Lozano, R. (2002). World report on violence and health. (Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization).
  251. Muhajaine, N. & D'Arcy, C. (1999). Physical abuse during pregnancy: prevalence and risk factors. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 160(7), 1007–1111.
  252. Stewart, D. E. & Cecutti, A. (1993). Physical abuse in pregnancy. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 149(9), 1257–1263.
  253. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2004-02). Physical Abuse During Pregnancy. Retrieved on March 25, 2009, from www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/rhs-ssg/factshts/abuseprg-eng.php
  254. Petersen, R., Gazmararian, J., Spitz, A., Rowley, D., Goodwin, M. M., Saltzman, L. E. et al. (1997). Violence and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a review of the literature and directions for further research. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 13(5), 366-373.
  255. Justice Canada. (2008-03-28). Child Abuse: A Fact Sheet from the Department of Justice Canada. Retrieved on December 16, 2008, from  www.justice.gc.ca/eng/pi/fv-vf/facts-info/child-enf.pdf
  256. Kessler, R. C., Davis, C. G., & Kendler, K. S. (1997). Childhood Adversity and Adult Psychiatric Disorder in the US National Comorbidity Survey. Psychological Medicine, 27(5), 1101-1119.
  257. Leiter, J. & Johnsen, M. C. (1997). Child Maltreatment and School Performance Declines: An Event-History Analysis. American Educational Research Journal, 34(3), 563-589.
  258. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2006). Street Youth in Canada - Findings from Enhanced Surveillance of Canadian Street Youth, 1999–2003.
  259. The National Clearinghouse on Family Violence. (2009-01-05). Youth and Violence. Retrieved on January 2, 2009, from www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/ncfv-cnivf/familyviolence/html/nfntsyjviolence_e.html
  260. Federal/Provincial/Territorial Early Childhood Development Agreement. (2003). The Well-Being of Canada's Young Children: Government of Canada Report 2003. (Human Resources Development Canada and Health Canada).
  261. Egeland, B., Jacobvitz, D., & Sroufe, A. (1988). Breaking the Cycle of Abuse: How to Move Beyond Your Past to Create an Abuse-Free Future. (Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.).
  262. Canadian Council on Social Development. (2006). The Progress of Canada's Children and Youth: 2006.
  263. Media Awareness Network & Government of Canada. (2001). Young Canadians in a Wired World - the students' view.
  264. Mishna, F., MacFadden, R., Saini, M., & Cook, C. (2007). Prevention and intervention of cyber abuse targeting children and adolescents: A systematic review to evaluate current approaches.
  265. Mishna, F., Saini, M., & Solomon, S. (2009). Ongoing and online: Children and youth's perceptions of cyber bullying. Children and Youth Services Review.
  266. Statistics Canada. (2006). Child Care in Canada.
  267. Friendly, M., Beach, J., Ferns, C., & Turiano, M. (2007). Early childhood education and care in Canada 2006. (Toronto: Childcare Resource and Research Unit).
  268. Government of Ontario. (2009-06-18). An Updated and Annotated Summary of Evidence. A Compendium To: With Our Best Future in Mind. Retrieved on July 28, 2009, from  www.ontario.ca/en/initiatives/early_learning/ONT06_018921
  269. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development. (2004). Early Childhood Care and Education Policy: Canada Country Note. (Paris: OECD Secretariat).
  270. Goelman, H., Anderson, L., Kershaw, P., & Mort, J. (2008). Expanding Early Childhood Education and Care Programming: Highlights of a Literature Review, and Public Policy Implications for British Columbia. (Vancouver: Human Early Learning Partnership, University of British Columbia).
  271. Beach, J. & Friendly, M. (2005). Child care fee subsidies in Canada (working document). (Toronto: Childcare Resource and Research Unit, University of Toronto).
  272. Canadian Mental Health Association & Hicks-Dellcrest Centre. (2004). Handle with Care: Strategies for Promoting the Mental Health of Young Children in Community-Based Child Care.
  273. University of British Columbia & United Way of The Lower Mainland. (2007). Middle Childhood Inside and Out: The Psychological and Social World of Children 9–12. (Burnaby: United Way of the Lower Mainland).
  274. UNICEF. (2008). The child care transition, Innocenti Report Card 8. (Florence, Italy: UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre).
  275. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2008). [Analyses were performed using Health Canada's DAIS edition of anonymized microdata from the Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 2005 (C3.1 PUB), prepared by Statistics Canada].
  276. Stewart, M. (2003). Immigrants and Refugees: Perspectives on Supportive Policies, Programs, and Practices. Eighth International Metropolis Conference. (Vienna, Austria).
  277. Kirmayer, L., Galbaud du Fort, G., Young, A., Weinfeld, M., & Lasry, J. C. (1996). Pathways and Barriers to Mental Health Care in an Urban Multicultural Milieu: An Epidemiological and Ethnographic Study. Culture & Mental Health Research Unit Report No. 6 (Part 1).
  278. Tjepkema, M. (2002). The Health of the Off-reserve Aboriginal Population. Health Reports, Supplement to Health Reports(13), 73–88.
  279. Ontario Dental Association. (2008). Oral Health Issues for Ontarians. Tooth Decay in Ontario's Children: An Ounce of Prevention - A Pound of Cure.
  280. Healthy Smile Happy Child Project Manitoba. (2004). Tooth Care (& Mouth Care) Starts at Birth: Newborn to 6 Years.
  281. Health Canada. (2008). It's Your Health: The Effects of Oral Health on Overall Health.
  282. The Ontario Coalition of CAPC and CPNP, Catholic Family Counselling Centre, & Centre for Research and Education in Human Services. (2004). Determining Family Dental Health. Family dental health in Ontario: A snapshot of community stories, 2004. Retrieved on June 19, 2009, from  www.individual.utoronto.ca/accessandcare/Lamotey.pdf
  283. Janus, M., Brinkman, S., Duku, E., Hertzman, C., Santos, R., Sayers, M. et al. (2007). The Early Development Instrument: A Population-based Measure for Communities: A Handbook on Development, Properties, and Use. (The Offord Centre for Child Studies).
  284. The Offord Centre for Child Studies McMaster University. (2006). School Readiness to Learn National SK Cohort Results, Based on the Early Development Instrument Data Collection for Senior Kindergarten Students in Canada, Spring 2006.
  285. Lloyd, J. E. V. & Hertzman, C. (2009). From Kindergarten readiness to fourth-grade assessment: Longitudinal analysis with linked population data. Social Science & Medicine, 68(1), 111-123.
  286. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2008-12-12). Safe, Healthy Environments. Retrieved on June 26, 2009, from www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/dca-dea/allchildren_touslesenfants/she_main-eng.php
  287. Carver, A., Timperio, A., & Crawford, D. (2008). Playing it safe: The influence of neighbourhood safety on children's physical activity - A review. Health & Place, 14(2), 217-227.
  288. Weir, L. A., Etelson, D., & Brand, D. A. (2006). Parents' perceptions of neighborhood safety and children's physical activity. Preventive Medicine, 43(3), 212-217.
  289. Lumeng, J. C., Appugliese, D., Cabral, H. J., Bradley, R. H., & Zuckerman, B. (2006). Neighborhood Safety and Overweight Status in Children. Archives of Pediatrics Adolescent Medicine, 160(1), 25-31.
  290. Curtis, L. J., Dooley, M. D., & Phipps, S. A. (2004). Child well-being and neighbourhood quality: evidence from the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth. Social Science & Medicine, 58(10), 1917-1927.
  291. Health Canada. (2008-08-26). Canadian Tobacco Use Monitoring Survey (CTUMS) 2007 - Table 9: Exposure of children at home to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS), by province and age group, Canada 2007. Retrieved on August 26, 2008, from  www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hl-vs/tobac-tabac/research-recherche/stat/_ctums-esutc_2007/ann-table9-eng.php;
  292. Health Canada. (2006). It's Your Health: Second-hand Smoke.
  293. Wigle, D. T. (2003). Child Health and the Environment. (New York: Oxford University Press).
  294. Committee on the Assessment of Asthma and Indoor Air, Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, & Institute of Medicine (2000). Clearing the Air: Asthma and Indoor Air Exposure. The National Academies Press.
  295. Ward, D. J. & Ayres, J. G. (2004). Particulate air pollution and panel studies in children: a systematic review. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 61(4), e13-e25.
  296. US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Services, & Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. (2007). Toxicological Profile for Lead.
  297. Schnaas, L., Rothenberg, S. J., Flores, M. F., Martinez, S., Hernandez, C., Osorio, E. et al. (2006). Reduced Intellectual Development in Children with Prenatal Lead Exposure. Environmental Health Perspectives, 114(5), 791-797.
  298. Daniels, J. L., Olshan, A. F., & Savitz, D. A. (2007). Pesticides and Childhood Cancers. Environmental Health Perspectives, 105(10), 1068-1077.
  299. Daniels, J. L., Olshan, A. F., Teschke, K., Hertz-Picciotto, I., Savitz, D. A., Blatt, J. et al. (2001). Residential Pesticide Exposure and Neuroblastoma. Epidemiology, 12(1), 20-27.
  300. Linet, M. S., Wacholder, S., & Zahm, S. H. (2003). Interpreting Epidemiologic Research: Lessons from Studies of Childhood Cancer. Pediatrics, 112(1), 218-232.
  301. Zoar, S. H. & Ward, M. H. (1998). Pesticides and Childhood Cancers. Environmental Health Perspectives, 106(S3), 893-908.
  302. Health Canada. (2008-02-15). Mercury in Fish, Consumption Advice: Making Informed Choices About Fish. Retrieved on May 1, 2009, from  www.hc-sc.gc.ca/
    fn-an/securit/chem-chim/environ/mercur/cons-adv-etud-eng.php
  303. Government of Canada. (2009-07-09). Government of Canada Protects Families With Bisphenol A Regulations. Retrieved on May 4, 2009, from  www.chemicalsubstanceschimiques.gc.ca/challenge-defi/bisphenol-a_e.html
  304. Health Canada. (2008-03-07). Proposal for legislative action on di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate under the Hazardous Products Act. Retrieved on June 26, 2009, from  
    www.hc-sc.gc.ca/cps-spc/advisories-avis/info-ind/
    ethylhexyle-eng.php
  305. Health Canada. (2009-06-26). Government of Canada Acts to Protect Newborns and Infants from Bisphenol A in Polycarbonate Plastic Baby Bottles. Retrieved on July 14, 2009, from  www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ahc-asc/media/nr-cp/_2009/2009_106-eng.php
  306. Health Canada. (2009-06-19). Government of Canada Acts to Make Soft Vinyl Toys, Child-Care Articles Safer. Retrieved on July 14, 2009, from  www.hc-sc.gc.ca/
    ahc-asc/media/nr-cp/_2009/2009_96-eng.php
  307. Dell, S. & To, T. (2001). Breastfeeding and Asthma in Young Children. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 155(11), 1261-1265.
  308. Gillman, M. W., Rifas-Shiman, S. L., Camargo Jr., C. A., Berkey, C. S., Frazier, A. L., Rockett, H. R. H. et al. (2001). Risk of Overweight Among Adolescents Who Were Breastfed as Infants. The Journal of American Medical Association, 285(19), 2461-2467.
  309. Duffy, L. C., Faden, H., Wasielewski, R., Wolf, J., Krystofik, D., & Tonawanda/Williamsville Pediatrics. (1997). Exclusive Breastfeeding Protects Against Bacterial Colonization and Day Care Exposure to Otits Media. Journal of American Medical Association, 100(4), e7-e15.
  310. Miller, W. & Maclean, H. (2005). Breastfeeding Practices. Health Reports, 16(2), 23-33.
  311. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2009). Data Tables - The Maternity Experiences Survey (MES) 2006-2007.
  312. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2008). Canadian Perinatal Health Report, 2008 Edition.
  313. Canadian Paediatric Society & Boland, M. (2009-02). Exclusive breastfeeding should continue to six months. Retrieved on May 12, 2009, from  www.cps.ca/english/statements/n/breastfeedingmar05.htm
  314. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2005). [Analyses were performed using Health Canada's DAIS edition of anonymized microdata from the Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 2005 (C3.1 SHR), prepared by Statistics Canada].
  315. Greaves, L., Cormier, R., Devries, K., Bottorff, J., Johnson, J., Kirkland, S. et al. (2003). Expecting to Quit: A Best Practices Review of Smoking Cessation Interventions for Pregnant and Postpartum Girls and Women. (Vancouver: British Columbia Centre of Excellence for Women's Health).
  316. Gaffield, C. (1982). Schooling, the Economy, and Rural Society in Nineteenth-Century Ontario. In J.Parr (Ed.), Childhood and Family in Canadian History (pp. 69-92). (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart Limited).
  317. Simcoe Muskoka District Health Unit. (n.d.). Smoking During Pregnancy. Retrieved on September 30, 2008, from  www.simcoemuskokahealthstats.org/Topics_Tobacco_Smoking_
    SmokingPregnancy.
    aspx
  318. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2008). The Sensible Guide to a Healthy Pregnancy.
  319. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2005). Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD).
  320. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2008-03-20). Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) - Data collection and reporting. Retrieved on March 30, 2009, from
    www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/fasd-etcaf/pubs/fs-fi_05-eng.php
  321. Health Canada. (2000). Awareness of the Effects of Alcohol Use During Pregnancy and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Results of a National Survey.
  322. Canadian Paediatric Society. (1997). Prevention of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) and Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAE) in Canada. Retrieved on October 2, 2008, from  www.cps.ca/English/statements/FN/cps96-01.htm
  323. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2006). Alcohol Use and Pregnancy: An Important Canadian Public Health and Social Issue.
  324. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2006). The Maternity Experiences Survey, 2006 Questionnaire.
  325. The Hospital for Sick Children. (2007-01-11). Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome. Retrieved on November 19, 2008, from  www.aboutkidshealth.ca/Pregnancy/
    Neonatal-Abstinence-Syndrome.aspx?articleID=9541&categoryID=PG-nh2-09o
  326. Linares, T., Singer, L., Kirchner, H., Short, E., Min, M., Hussey, P. et al. (2006). Mental Health Outcomes of Cocaine-Exposed Children at 6 Years of Age. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 31(1), 85-97.
  327. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2009). Brief Report on Sexually Transmitted Infections in Canada: 2006.
  328. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2007-09-25). HIV/AIDS - Key Populations. Retrieved on May 8, 2009, from www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/aids-sida/populations-eng.php#wo
  329. Canadian Paediatric Society. (2009-04). Congenital syphilis: No longer just of historical interest. Retrieved on May 12, 2009, from  www.cps.ca/english/statements/ID/CongenitalSyphilis.htm
  330. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2008). Updates to the Canadian Guidelines on Sexually Transmitted Infections.
  331. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2007). HIV/AIDS - Epi Updates.
  332. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2003-12-11). Notifiable Diseases On-Line - Syphilis. Retrieved on March 25, 2009, from www.dsol-smed.phac-aspc.gc.ca/
    dsol-smed/ndis/diseases/sype_e.html
  333. Singh, A. E., Sutherland, K., Lee, B., Robinson, J. L., & Wong, T. (2007). Resurgence of early congenital syphilis in Alberta. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 177(1), 33-36.
  334. Public Health Agency of Canada. (1997). Chlamydia Trachomatis in Canada: An Update. Canada Communicable Disease Report (CCDR), 23(15), F-1-F-5.
  335. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2000). Family-Centred Maternity and Newborn Care: National Guidelines.
  336. Pellowe, C. & Pratt, R. J. (2006). Neonatal conjunctivitis and pneumonia due to chlamydia infection. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 2(1), 16-17.
  337. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2008-04-22). Canada's Physical Activity Guide for Children and Youth. Retrieved on May 12, 2009, from www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/
    pau-uap/paguide/child_youth/childs_play.html
  338. Garriguet, D. (2006). Overview of Canadians' Eating Habits. (Statistics Canada).
  339. Health Canada. (2007-02-05). Canada's Food Guide - How Much Food You Need Every Day. Retrieved on May 4, 2009, from  www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/
    food-guide-aliment/basics-base/quantit-eng.php
  340. Cavadini, C., Siega-Riz, A. M., & Popkin, B. M. (2000). US adolescent food intake trends from 1965 to 1996. Archives of Diseases in Childhood, 83(1), 18-24.
  341. Ludwig, D. S., Peterson, K., & Gortmaker, S. L. (2001). Relation between consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks and childhood obesity: a prospective, observational analysis. The Lancet, 357(9255), 505-508.
  342. Young, L. R. & Nestle, M. N. (2002). The Contribution of Expanding Portion Sizes to the US Obesity Epidemic. American Journal of Public Health, 92(2), 246-249.
  343. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2001-12-18). Improving the Health of Canada's Aboriginal People. Retrieved on June 5, 2009, from http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/
    ph-sp/report-rapport/toward/back/impro-eng.php
  344. Dietitians of Canada. (2007). Community Food Security: Position of Dietitians of Canada.
  345. Commission on the Social Determinants of Health. (2008). Closing the gap in a generation: Health equity through action on the social determinants of health. (Geneva: World Health Organization).
  346. Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation. (n.d.). History of CMHC. Retrieved on June 9, 2009, from  www.cmhc.ca/en/corp/about/hi/index.cfm
  347. Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation. (2008). 2008 Annual Report: Enduring Commitment Proven Results.
  348. Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation. (n.d.). Programs and Financial Assistance. Retrieved on June 8, 2009, from  www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/en/co/prfinas/index.cfm
  349. Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation. (n.d.). Affordable Housing Initiatives. Retrieved on June 8, 2009, from  www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/en/inpr/afhoce/
    fias/fias_015.cfm
  350. Canada Revenue Agency. (2009-05-07). CCTB: Application and Eligibility. Retrieved on July 14, 2009, from  www.cra-arc.gc.ca/bnfts/cctb/fq_qlfyng-eng.html
  351. Canada Revenue Agency. (2009-03-27). WITB: Application and Eligibility. Retrieved on July 14, 2009, from  www.cra-arc.gc.ca/bnfts/wtb/fq_qlfyng-eng.html
  352. Hay, D. I. (2009). Poverty Reduction Policies and Programs, Canada. (Canadian Council on Social Development).
  353. Andreychuk, R. & Fraser, J. (2007). Children: The Silenced Citizens. Effective Implementation of Canada's International Obligations with Respect to the Rights of Children. (Ottawa: Standing Senate Committee on Human Rights).
  354. Eggleton, A. & Keon, W. J. (2008). Poverty, Housing and Homelessness: Issues and Options. (Ottawa: Standing Senate Committee on Social Affairs, Science, & Technology).
  355. Fairbairn, J. & Gustafson, L. J. (2008). Beyond Freefall: Halting Rural Poverty. (Ottawa: Standing Senate Committee on Agriculture and Forestry).
  356. House of Commons. (2009). Standing Committee on Human Resources, Skills and Social Development and the Status of Persons with Disabilities (HUMA). Retrieved on July 28, 2009, from  www2.parl.gc.ca/CommitteeBusiness/
    StudiesActivities.aspx?Cmte=HUMA&Language=E&Mode=1&Parl=40&Ses=2
  357. Government of Ontario. (2008). Breaking the Cycle, Ontario's Poverty Reduction Strategy.
  358. Government Offices of Sweden. (2008). Sweden's Strategy Report for Social Protection and Social Inclusion 2008-2010.
  359. Gouvernement du Québec. (2007). Government Action Plan to Combat Poverty and Social Exclusion 2004-2009 Third Year Progress Report.
  360. Collin, C. (2007). Poverty Reduction Strategies in Quebec and in Newfoundland and Labrador. (Parliamentary Information and Research Service).
  361. Assembly of First Nations. (2007). From Poverty to Prosperity: Opportunities to Invest in First Nations.
  362. Lundberg, O., Âberg Yngwe, M., Kölegård Stjarne, M., Bjork, L., & Fritzell, J. (2008). The Nordic Experience: Welfare States and Public Health (NEWS). (Stockholm, Sweden: Centre for Health Equity Studies).
  363. Statistics Canada. (2008). Income in Canada, 2006.
  364. Organisation for Economic Co-orporation and Development. (2008). OECD Family Database - C08: Child Poverty.
  365. The Conference Board of Canada. (2009). Society - Child Poverty. Retrieved on May 27, 2009, from  www.conferenceboard.ca/hcp/details/society/child-poverty.aspx
  366. Hirsch, D. (2009). Ending child poverty in a changing economy. (Joseph Rowntree Foundation).
  367. Irwin, L., Siddiqi, A., & Hertzman, C. (2007). Early Childhood Development: A Powerful Equalizer. Final Report for the World Health Organization's Commission on the Social Determinants of Health.
  368. Committee on Integrating the Science of Early Childhood Development (2000). From Neurons to Neighborhoods: The Science of Early Childhood Development. (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press).
  369. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development. (2006). Starting Strong II: Early Childhood Education and Care.
  370. Government of Manitoba. (n.d.). Healthy Child Manitoba: Ensuring the best possible start for our province's children and youth.
  371. Sure Start. (2009-06-18). Sure Start Children's Centres. Retrieved on March 31, 2009, from  www.surestart.gov.uk/aboutsurestart/about/thesurestartprogramme2/
  372. Healthy Child Manitoba. (2000). Investing in Our Future.
  373. Pascal, C. E. (2009). With Our Best Future Forward: Report to the Premier by the Special Advisor on Early Learning. (Government of Ontario).
  374. Tougas, J. (2002). Reforming Quebec's early childhood care and education: the first five years. (Childcare Resource and Research Unit, Centre for Urban and Community Studies, University of Toronto).
  375. Famille et Aînés Québec. (2007). Services gratuits pour les personnes à faible revenu. Retrieved on February 11, 2009, from  www.mfa.gouv.qc.ca/
    services-de-garde/parents/places-a-contribution-reduite/exemption-de-paiement.asp
  376. Famille et Aînés Québec. (2007). Des services de garde accessibles aux enfants handicapés. Retrieved on February 11, 2009, from  www.mfa.gouv.qc.ca/services-de-garde/parents/services-et-progr-specialises/
    enfants-handicapes.asp
  377. Famille et Aînés Québec. (2007). Services offerts. Retrieved on February 11, 2009, from  www.mfa.gouv.qc.ca/services-de-garde/parents/
    places-a-contribution-reduite/services-offerts.asp
  378. Cleveland, G. (2007). Coûts et bénéfices des services de garde au Québec. ACFAS Conference. (Trois-Rivieres, Québec).
  379. Lefebvre, P. (2004-03). Quebec's Innovative Early Childhood Education and Care Policy and Its Weaknesses. Policy Options/Options Politiques, 25, 52-57.
  380. Melhuish, E., Belsky, J., & Leyland, A. (2005). Early Impacts of Sure Start Local Programmes on Children and Families. National Evaluation Report, Report 13.
  381. Sure Start. (n.d.). Frequently asked questions. Retrieved on March 13, 2009, from  www.surestart.gov.uk/faqs/
  382. Sure Start. (2009-05-04). Sure Start Children's Centres - What are Sure Start Children's Centres. Retrieved on March 13, 2009, from  www.surestart.gov.uk/surestartservices/settings/
    surestartchildrenscentres/
  383. McCain, M. N., Mustard, J. F., & Shanker, S. (2007). Early Years Study 2: Putting Science into Action. (Toronto: Council for Early Child Development).
  384. Grunewald, R. & Rolnick, A. (2006). A Proposal for Achieving High Returns on Early Childhood Development. (Washington D.C.: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis).
  385. High/Scope Educational Research Foundation. (2009). High/Scope Perry Preschool Study. Retrieved on March 31, 2009, from  www.highscope.org/Content.asp?ContentId=219
  386. Schweinhart, L. J. (n.d.). The High/Scope Perry Preschool Study Through Age 40: Summary, Conclusions and Frequently Asked Questions. (Michigan: High/Scope).
  387. HighScope. (2009-03-12). Historical Narrative. Retrieved on July 14, 2009, from  www.highscope.org/Content.asp?ContentId=232
  388. Government of Canada. (2009-01-20). The Universal Child Care Plan provides support. Retrieved on July 14, 2009, from  www.universalchildcare.ca/eng/support/index.shtml
  389. Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. (2008-11-03). First Nation Child and Family Services Program. Retrieved on July 28, 2009, from  
    www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/hb/sp/fncf/index-eng.asp
  390. Citizenship and Immigration Canada. (2005-01-03). Evaluation of the Immigration Settlement and Adaptation Program (ISAP). Retrieved on July 28, 2009, from  www.cic.gc.ca/english/resources/evaluation/isap/intro.asp
  391. Citizenship and Immigration Canada. (2009-04-24). Government of Canada supports immigrant families at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto. Retrieved on July 28, 2009, from  www.cic.gc.ca/english/department/media/releases/2009/2009-04-24.asp
  392. Marshall, K. (2003). Benefiting from extended parental leave. Perspectives on Labour and Income, 4(3), 5-11.
  393. Human Resources and Skills Development Canada. (2009-07-14). Indicators of Well-being in Canada. Retrieved on January 13, 2009, from  www4.hrsdc.gc.ca/home.jsp?lang=eng
  394. Health Canada. (2003). Growing Up with CAPC.
  395. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2004-03-30). Community Action Program for Children (CAPC). Retrieved on March 30, 2009, from www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/
    dca-dea/programs-mes/capc_goals-eng.php
  396. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2007). Formative Evaluation of the Community Action Program for Children.
  397. Boyle, M. H. & Willms, J. D. (2002). Impact Evaluation of a National, Community-Based Program for At-Risk Children in Canada. Canadian Public Policy - Analyse de Politiques, 28(3), 461-481.
  398. First Nations and Inuit Health Branch. (Personal Communications on the Aboriginal Head Start Program, June 25, 2009).
  399. International Symposium on the Social Determinants of Indigenous Health. (2007). Social determinants and Indigenous health: The International experience and its policy implications. Retrieved on May 14, 2009, from  www.who.int/social_determinants/resources/
    indigenous_health_adelaide_report_07.pdf
  400. Blackstock, C., Trocmé, N., & Bennett, M. (2004). Child Maltreatment Investigations among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Families in Canada. Violence Against Women, 10(8), 1-16.
  401. Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples. (1996). People to people, nation to nation: Highlights of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples.
  402. Aboriginal Healing and Wellness Strategy. (2004). Aboriginal Healthy Babies Healthy Children Program. Retrieved on March 20, 2009, from  www.ahwsontario.ca/programs/ahbhc/ahbhc_top.html
  403. ARC Applied Research Consultants & University of Guelph. (2005). Healthy Babies, Healthy Children Report Card: 2000-2002.
  404. National Head Start Association. (2009). About the National Head Start Association. Retrieved on December 30, 2008, from  www.nhsa.org/about_nhsa
  405. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2002). Early Head Start Research. Making a Difference in the Lives of Infants and Toddlers and their Families: The impacts of Early Head Start.
  406. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2004-02-06). Aboriginal Head Start. Program Overview. Introduction. Retrieved on January 26, 2009, from www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/
    dca-dea/programs-mes/ahs_overview-eng.php
  407. Social Development Canada, Public Health Agency of Canada, & Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. (2005). Early Childhood Development Activities and Expenditures: Early Learning and Child Care Activities and Expenditures. Government of Canada Reports 2003-2004.
  408. Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. (2008). Eel Ground First Nation. Retrieved on March 20, 2009, from  www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/ecd/ab/abss/eeg/
    ssfactrn08-eng.asp
  409. Duplessie, C. (2005-02). ICT Integration - Technology in the Classroom: Creating Creative Problem Solvers. Retrieved on June 15, 2009, from  www.eelgroundschool.ca/dreamcatching/pbl.html
  410. Eel Ground School. (2009). Eel Ground School - Culture, Tradition, Technology. Retrieved on June 15, 2009, from  www.eelgroundschool.ca/
  411. Joint Consortium for School Health. (2009). What is Comprehensive School Health? Retrieved on March 16, 2009, from  eng.jcsh-cces.ca/index.php?option=
    com_content&view=article&id=40:what-is-somprehensive-school-health&catid=
    28:current-users&Itemid=62
  412. Joint Consortium for School Health. (2009). Joint Consortium for School Health (JCSH) - Governments Working Across the Health and Education Sectors. Retrieved on July 28, 2009, from  www.jcsh-cces.ca/upload/About%20the%20Consortium.pdf
  413. City of Calgary. (2008-10-14). 3-6 p.m.:critical hours for youth. Retrieved on June 10, 2009, from  www.calgary.ca/portal/server.pt/gateway/PTARGS_0_0_104_0_0_35/
    http%3B/content.calgary.ca/CCA/City+Hall/Business+Units/
    Customer+Service+and+Communications/What+We+Do/Corporate+Communications/
    CityTalk+eNews/Archives/October+14+2008/
    3+to+6+p.m.+critical+hours+for+youth.htm
  414. Active Healthy Kids Canada. (2009). Canada's Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth for 2009.
  415. Australian Sports Commission. (2008). Helping Kids and Communities get Active: An interim report of the evaluation of the Australian Sports Commission's Active After-school Communities program 2005-2007. Retrieved on June 10, 2009, from  www.ausport.gov.au/participating/schools_and_juniors/aasc/about/
    research_and_evaluation
  416. Today's Parent. (2009). Healthy Kids. Retrieved on June 10, 2009, from  www.todaysparent.com/healthykids/article.jsp?content=
    20090224_163504_
    880&page=1
  417. Health Canada. (2002). Family Violence Initiative: Year Five Report.
  418. Knoke, D., Trocme, N., MacLaurin, B., & Fallon, B. (2009). Reliability of the Canadian Incidence Study Data Collection Instrument. The Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation, 23(1), 87-112.
  419. Roots of Empathy. (2006). Roots of Empathy: About Our Program. Retrieved on December 17, 2008, from  www.rootsofempathy.org/ProgDesc.html
  420. Tremblay, R. E., Nagin, D. S., Séguin, J. R., Zoccolillo, M., Zelazo, P. D., Boivin, M. et al. (2005). Physical Aggression During Early Childhood: Trajectories and Predictors. The Canadian Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Review, 14(1), 3-9.
  421. Tremblay, R. E. (2000). The Origins of Youth Violence. Canadian Journal of Policy Research, 1(2), 19-24.
  422. Butchart, A., Phinney Harvey, A., Mian, M., Fü rniss, T., & Kahane, T. (2006). Preventing Child Maltreatment: A Guide to Taking Action and Generating Evidence. (Geneva: World Health Organization).
  423. World Health Organization. (2006-10-11). How can violence against children be prevented? Retrieved on October 6, 2008, from  www.who.int/features/qa/44/en/index.html
  424. Roots of Empathy. (2008). Roots of Empathy: A Summary of Research Studies Conducted 2000-2007.
  425. Zwi, K. J., Woolfenden, S. R., Wheeler, D. M., O'Brien, T. A., Tait, P., and Williams, K. W. (2007-07-18). School-based education programmes for the prevention of child sexual abuse (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 7-18-2007, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD004380. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004380.pub2.
  426. Finkelhor, D. (2007). Prevention of Sexual Abuse Through Educational Programs Directed Toward Children. Pediatrics, 120, 640-645.
  427. Gibson, L. E. & Leitenberg, H. (2000). Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Programs: Do They Decrease The Occurrence Of Child Sexual Abuse? Child Abuse & Neglect, 24(9), 1115-1125.
  428. Tremblay, R. E. & Craig, W. M. (1995). Developmental Crime Prevention. Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, 19, 151-236.
  429. Geeraert, L., Van den Noortgate, W., Grietens, H., & Onghena, P. (2004). The Effects of Early Prevention Programs for Families with Young Children at Risk for Physical Child Abuse and Neglect: A Meta-Analysis. Child Maltreatment, 9(3), 277-291.
  430. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation & Goodman, A. (2006). The Story of David Olds and the Nurse Home Visiting Program: Grant Results Special Report.
  431. Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. (2008-11-03). Family Violence Prevention Program. Retrieved on July 28, 2009, from  www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/hb/sp/fvp-eng.asp
  432. Gough, P. (2006). Kinship Care. Centre of Excellence for Child Welfare.
  433. Wright, A., Hiebert-Murphy, D., Mirwaldt, J., & Muswaggon, G. (2006). Factors that Contribute to Positive Outcomes in the Awasis Pimicikamak Cree Nation Kinship Care Program. (Manitoba: Centre of Excellence for Child Welfare, Health Canada).
  434. Rubin, D. M., Downes, K. J., O'Reilley, A. L. R., Mekonnen, R., Luan, X., & Localio, R. (2008). Impact of Kinship Care on Behavioral Well-being for Children in Out-of-Home Care. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 162(6), 550-556.
  435. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2006). What We Have Learned: Key Canadian FASD Awareness Campaigns.
  436. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2004). Substance abuse treatment and care for women.
  437. Herzig, K., Danley, D., Jackson, R., Petersen, R., Chamberlain, L., & Gerbert, B. (2006). Seizing the 9-month moment: Addressing behavioural risks in prenatal patients. Patient Education and Counselling, 61(2), 228-235.
  438. Heaman, M., Green, C., Newburn-Cook, C., Elliott, L., & Helewa, M. (2003). Social Inequalities in Use of Prenatal Care in Manitoba. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada, 29(10), 806-816.
  439. Mustard, C. & Roos, N. (1994). The Relationship of Prenatal Care and Pregnancy Complications to Birthweight in Winnipeg, Canada. The American Journal of Public Health, 84(9), 1450-1457.
  440. Melnikow, J. & Alemagno, S. (1993). Adequacy of prenatal care among inner-city women. Journal of Family Practice, 37(6), 575-578.
  441. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2004). Substance abuse treatment and care for women: Case studies and lessons learned. (New York: United Nations).
  442. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2007). The Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program. A Decade of Promoting the Health of Mothers, Babies and Communities.
  443. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2002-09-02). Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program (CPNP) - What is CPNP? Retrieved on July 28, 2009, from www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/
    dca-dea/programs-mes/cpnp_goals-eng.php
  444. Health Canada. (2007). First Nations and Inuit Health Program Compendium.
  445. Poole, N. (2000). Evaluation Report of the SHEWAY Project for High-Risk Pregnant and Parenting Women. (British Columbia Centre of Excellence for Women's Health).
  446. Poole, N. & Isaac, B. (2001). Apprehensions, Barriers to Treatment for Substance-Using Mothers. (British Columbia Centre of Excellence for Women's Health).
  447. Jessup, M. A., Humphreys, J. C., Brindis, C. D., & Lee, K. A. (2003). Extrinsic Barriers to Substance Abuse Treatment Among Pregnant Drug Dependant Women. Journal of Drug Issues, 33(2), 285-304.
  448. Vancouver Native Health Society. (2007-07-11). SHEWAY Overview. Retrieved on September 30, 2008, from  www.vnhs.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=
    49&Itemid=56
  449. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2004-03-11). Canadian Perinatal Surveillance System - Overview. Retrieved on July 25, 2009, from www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/
    rhs-ssg/overview-apercu-eng.php
  450. Walmsley, S. (2003). Opt in or opt out: What is optimal for prenatal screening for HIV infection? Canadian Medical Association Journal, 168(6), 707-708.
  451. Patrick, D. M., Money, D. M., Forbes, J., Dobson, S. R. M., Rekart, M. L., Cook, D. A. et al. (1998). Routine prenatal screening for HIV in a low-prevalence setting. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 159(8), 942-947.
  452. Wolff, T., Shelton, E., Sessions, C., & Miller, T. (2009). Screening for Syphilis Infection in Pregnant Women: Evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement. Annals of Internal Medicine, 150(10), 710-716.
  453. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2008). Canadian Guidelines on Sexually Transmitted Infections.
  454. Haslam, C. (2000). A targeted approach to reducing maternal smoking. British Journal of General Practice, 50(457), 661-669.
  455. Armstrong, M., Osejo, V., Lieberman, L., Carpenter, D., Pantoja, P., & Escobar, G. (2003). Perinatal Substance Abuse Intervention in Obstetric Clinics Decreases Adverse Neonatal Outcomes. Journal of Perinatology, 23(1), 3-9.
  456. Health Canada. (2005). Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. Knowledge and Attitudes of Health Professionals about Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Results of a National Survey. (Allium Consulting Group Inc.).
  457. Hulse G, Milne, E., English, D., & Holman, C. (1997). The relationship between maternal use of heroin and methadone and infant birth weight. Addiction, 92(11), 1571–1580.
  458. British Columbia Women's Hospital and Health Centre. (2009). Substance Use and Pregnancy. Retrieved on January 27, 2009, from  www.bcwomens.ca/Services/PregnancyBirthNewborns/HospitalCare/
    SubstanceUsePregnancy.htm
  459. Kirby, M. J. L. & Keon, W. J. (2004). Mental Health, Mental Illness and Addiction. (Ottawa: Standing Committee on Social Affairs, Science and Technology).
  460. McEwan, K., Waddell, C., & Barker, J. (2007). Bringing children's mental health "out of the shadows". Canadian Medical Association Journal, 176(4), 471–472.
  461. Kirby, M. (2007-05-17). Children's Mental Health is Everybody's Business. An Address to the Empire Club. (Toronto).
  462. Kinark Child and Family Services. (2007-05-02). Study shows children's mental health still taboo in Canada. Retrieved on July 29, 2009, from  www.kinark.on.ca/news/news02StudyMediaRelease.aspx
  463. Martin, N. & Johnston, V. (2007). A time for action: Tackling stigma and discrimination. Report to the Mental Health Commission of Canada.
  464. Mental Health Commission of Canada. (2009). Anti-Stigma Initiative. Retrieved on January 23, 2009, from  www.mentalhealthcommission.ca/English/Pages/AntiStigmaCampaign.aspx
  465. Martin, N. (2009). International Anti-Stigma Initiatives. Retrieved on April 6, 2009, from  www.mentalhealthcommission.ca/SiteCollectionDocuments/
    Key_Documents/en/2008/AppendixA.pdf
  466. Merry, S., McDowell, H., Hetricki, S., Bir, J., and Muller, N. Psychological and/or educational interventions for the prevention of depression in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD003380. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003380.pub2.
  467. Better Beginnings Better Futures. (2008). Better Beginnings, Better Futures. Retrieved on November 13, 2008, from  www.betterbeginnings.ca/English_main.htm
  468. Better Beginnings Better Futures. (n.d.). Better Beginnings, Better Futures: A Comprehensive Community-Based Early Childhood Development Project. Retrieved on December 16, 2008, from  www.bbbf.queensu.ca/pdfs/Better_Beginnings_Brochure.pdf
  469. Peters, R. D., Petrunka, K., & Arnold, R. (2003). The Better Beginnings, Better Futures Project: A Universal, Comprehensive, Community-Based Prevention Approach for Primary School Children and Their Families. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 32(2), 215-227.
  470. Roche, J., Petrunka, K., & Peters, R. D. (2008). Investing in Our Future: Highlights of Better Beginnings, Better Futures Research Findings at Grade 9. (Kingston, Ontario: Better Beginnings, Better Futures Research Coordination Unit.).
  471. Barankin, T. & Khanlou, N. (2007). Growing up Resilient: Ways to Build Resilience in Children and Youth. (Toronto: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health).
  472. Werner, E. (2005). Resilience and recovery: Findings from the Kauai Longitudinal Study. Research, Policy, and Practice in Children's Mental Health, 19(1), 11–14.
  473. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2008). [Analyses were performed using Health Canada's DAIS edition of anonymized microdata from the Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 2007 (C4.1 SHR), prepared by Statistics Canada].
  474. Canadian Mental Health Association. (2008-09-24). Federal leadership needed to create national mental health system. Retrieved on October 17, 2008, from  www.cmha.ca/bins/content_page.asp?cid=6-20-21-2226-2441&lang=1
  475. Mental Health Commission of Canada. (2009). About the Commission. Retrieved on January 23, 2009, from  www.mentalhealthcommission.ca/english/pages/default.aspx
  476. Australian Government. (2008-07-21). New Early Intervention Services for Parents, Children and Young People. Retrieved on March 24, 2009, from  www.health.gov.au/internet/mentalhealth/publishing.nsf/Content/
    early-intervention-1
  477. Council of Australian Governments. (2006). National Action Plan on Mental Health 2006-2011.
  478. Flinders University & University of South Australia (Department of Education and Children's Services South Australia). (2009). Evaluation Kids Matter, Progress Report.
  479. KidsMatter. (n.d.). Pilot Evaluation: About the KidsMatter Primary trial and evaluation. Retrieved on May 13, 2009, from  www.kidsmatter.edu.au/evaluation/
  480. Australian Government. (2009). KidsMatter Early Childhood: Welcome to KidsMatter Early Childhood. Retrieved on July 24, 2009, from  www.kidsmatter.edu.au/kmec/
  481. World Health Organization. (2003). Global strategy on diet, physical activity and health - Obesity and overweight. Retrieved on November 3, 2008, from  www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/publications/facts/obesity/en/
  482. World Health Organization. (2003). Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases. (Geneva, Switzerland).
  483. Tremblay, M. S. & Willms, J. D. (2000). Secular trends in the body mass index of Canadian children. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 163(11), 1429–1433.
  484. Tremblay, M. S., Katzmarzyk, P. T., & Willms, J. D. (2002). Temporal trends in obesity in Canada, 1981-1996. International Journal of Obesity, 26(4), 538–543.
  485. Nicklas, T. & Johnson, R. (2004). Position of the American Dietetic Association: Dietary Guidance for Healthy Children Ages 2 to 11 Years. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 4(104), 660–677.
  486. Clément, K. & Ferre, P. (2003). Genetics and the Pathophysiology of Obesity. Pediatric Research, 53(5), 721–725.
  487. Perusse, L. & Bouchard, C. (2000). Gene-diet interactions in obesity. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 72(5), 1285s–1290s.
  488. Bouchard, C. (1991). Current understanding of the etiology of obesity: genetic and nongenetic factors. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 53, 1561s–1565s.
  489. Frumkin, H. (2002). Urban Sprawl and Public Health. Public Health Reports, 117, 201-217.
  490. Jackson, R. J. & Kochtitzky, C., (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention). (n.d.) Creating a Healthy Environment: The Impact of the Built Environment on Public Health. Sprawl Watch Clearinghouse Monograph Series. (Washington, D.C.: Sprawl Watch Clearinghouse).
  491. Health Canada. (2007-12-20). Eating Well with Canada's Food Guide. Retrieved on November 26, 2008, from  www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/food-guide-aliment/index-eng.php
  492. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2007-12-03). Canada's Physical Activity Guide to Healthy Active Living: Family Guide to Physical Activity for Children. Retrieved on November 26, 2008, from www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/pau-uap/paguide/child_youth/pdf/kids_family_guide_e.pdf
  493. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2008-05-23). Federal-Provincial-Territorial Governments to Boost Aboriginal Participation in Sport, Set Physical Activity Targets for Children and Youth, and Encourage Action to Reduce Violence in Sport. Retrieved on January 28, 2009, from www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/media/nr-rp/2008/2008_09-eng.php
  494. Active Healthy Kids Canada. (2009). The Active Healthy Kids Canada: Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth.
  495. Consumers International & International Association for the Study of Obesity-International Obesity Taskforce. (2008). Recommendations for an International Code on Marketing of Foods and Non-Alcoholic Beverages to Children.
  496. Canadian Association of Broadcasters & Advertising Standards Canada. (2007-04). The Broadcast Code for Advertising to Children. Retrieved on May 12, 2009, from  www.adstandards.com/en/clearance/childrens/
    broadcastCodeForAdvertisingToChildren.aspx
  497. Advertising Standards Canada. (2007-11). Canadian Code of Advertising Standards: Self Regulation of Advertising in Canada. Retrieved on June 1, 2009, from  www.adstandards.com/en/Standards/canCodeOfAdStandards.aspx
  498. Advertising Standards Canada, Association of Canadian Advertisers, The Canadian Association of Broadcasters, Concerned Children's Advertisers, & Institute of Communication and Advertising. (2006). Advertising to Children in Canada: A Reference Guide.
  499. Gouvernement du Québec. (2009-02-11). L.R.Q., chapitre P-40.1; Loi sur la protection du consommateur (Québec). Retrieved on February 16, 2009, from  www2.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/dynamicSearch/telecharge.php?type=
    2&file=/P_40_1/P40_1.html
  500. Sultan, R. (2006-11-26). A Strategy for Combatting Childhood Obesity and Physical Inactivity in British Columbia. (Victoria: Select Standing Committee on Health & Legislative Assembly of British Columbia).
  501. Jacobson, M. F. & Brownell, K. D. (2000). Small Taxes on Soft Drinks and Snack Foods to Promote Health. American Journal of Public Health, 90(6), 854-857.
  502. Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada. (2007). Alleviating the Burden of Heart Disease and Stroke. (House of Commons Standing Committee on Finance).
  503. Kilborn, P. T. (1993-03-24). Soft-Drink Industry Is Fighting Back Over New Taxes. The New York Times.
  504. Caraher, M. & Cowburn, G. (2005). Taxing food: implications for public health nutrition. Public Health Nutrition, 8(8), 1242-1249.
  505. Leicester, A. & Windmeijer, F. (2008). The 'Fat Tax': Economic Incentives to Reduce Obesity. (Institute for Fiscal Studies).
  506. Cash, S. B., Sunding, D. L., & Zilberman, D. (2005). Fat Taxes and Thin Subsidies: Prices, Diet, and Health Outcomes. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section C - Economy, 2(3-4), 167-174.
  507. Reger, B., Wootan, M. G., Booth-Butterfield, S., & Smith, H. (1998). 1% or less: a community-based nutrition campaign. Public Health Reports, 113(5), 410-419.
  508. Frank, L. D., Andresen, M. A., & Schmid, T. L. (2004). Obesity relationships with community design, physical activity and time spent in cars. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 27(2), 87-96.
  509. British Columbia Provincial Health Services Authority. (2007). Creating a Healthier Built Environment in British Columbia - Summary Report.
  510. Harrington, J., Friel, S., Thunhurst, C., Kirby, A., & McElroy, B. (2008). Obesogenic island: the financial burden of private transport on low-income households. Journal of Public Health, 30(1), 38-44.
  511. Leyden, K. M. (2003). Social Capital and the Built Environment: The Importance of Walkable Neighborhoods. American Journal of Public Health, 93(9), 1546-1551.
  512. Saelens, B. E., Sallis, J. F., Black, J. B., & Chen, D. (2003). Neighborhood-based differences in physical activity: an environment scale evaluation. American Journal of Public Health, 93(9), 1552-1558.
  513. Saelens, B. E., Sallis, J. F., & Frank, L. D. (2003). Environmental correlates of walking and cycling: Findings from the transportation, urban design, and planning literatures. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 25(2), 80–91.
  514. Ewing, R., Schmid, T., Killingsworth, R., Zlot, A., & Raudenbush, S. (2003). Relationship Between Urban Sprawl and Physical Activity, Obesity, and Morbidity. American Journal of Health Promotion, 18(1), 47–57.
  515. Oliver, L. N. & Hayes, M. V. (2005). Neighbourhood Socio-economic Status and the Prevalence of Overweight Canadian Children and Youth. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 96(6), 415–420.
  516. Lake, A. & Townshend, T. (2006). Obesogenic environments: exploring the built and food environments. The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, 126, 262–267.
  517. Lee, R. E. & Cubbin, C. (2002). Neighborhood Context and Youth Cardiovascular Health Behaviors. American Journal of Public Health, 92(3), 428–436.
  518. International Obesity TaskForce & European Association for the Study of Obesity. (2002). Obesity in Europe: The Case For Action. (London).
  519. Hume, C., Salmon, J., & Ball, K. (2005). Children's perception of their home and neighborhood environments, and their association with objectively measured physical activity: a qualitative and quantitative study. Health Education Research, 20(1), 1-13.
  520. Ayadi, K. & Young, B. (2006). Community Partnerships: preventing childhood obesity. Young Consumers: Insight and Ideas for Responsible Marketers, 7(4), 35–40.
  521. Elliott, C. (2008). Marketing Fun Foods: A Profile and Analysis of Supermarket Food Messages Targeted at Children. Canadian Public Policy, 34(2), 259–274.
  522. Kuhle, S. & Veugelers, P. J. (2008). Why does the social gradient in health not apply to overweight? Health Reports, 19(4), 1–64.
  523. Kant, A. K. & Graubard, B. I. (2004). Eating out in America, 1987-2000: trends and nutritional correlates. Preventive Medicine, 38(2), 243–249.
  524. Binkley, J. K., Eales, J., & Jekanowski, M. (2000). The relation between dietary change and rising US obesity. International Journal of Obesity, 24(8), 1032-1039.
  525. Canadian Association of Paediatric Health Centres, Canadian Institutes of Health Research: Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes, & Paediatric Chairs of Canada. (2004). Addressing Childhood Obesity: The Evidence for Action.
  526. Wrotniak, B. H., Epstein, L. H., Paluch, R. A., & Roemmich, J. N. (2004). Parental Weight Change as a Predictor of Child Weight Change in Family-Based Behavioral Obesity Treatment. Archive of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, 158(4), 342-347.
  527. Golan, M., Weizman, A., Apter, A., & Fainaru, M. (1998). Parents as the exclusive agents of change in the treatment of childhood obesity. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 67(6), 1130–1135.
  528. Oude Luttikhuis, H., Baur, L., Jansen, H., Shrewsbury, V. A., O'Malley, C., Stolk, R. P., and Summerbell, C. D. (2009). Interventions for treating obesity in children (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD001872.
  529. Simonetti D'Arca, A., Tarsitani, G., Cairella, M., Siani, V., De Filippis, S., Mancinelli, S. et al. (1986). Prevention of obesity in elementary and nursery school children. Public Health, 100(3), 166–173.
  530. Kropski, J. A., Keckley, P. H., & Jensen, G. L. (2008). School-based obesity prevention programs: An evidence-based review. Obesity, 16(5), 1009-1018.
  531. Stone, E. J., McKenzie, T. L., Welk, G. J., & Booth, M. L. (1998). Effects of physical activity interventions in youth. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 15(4), 298–315.
  532. Wright, J. (2006). Environmental Scan: Physical Education, Mandated Physical Activity, Non-mandated Physical Activity, Sport and Surveillance and Monitoring Activities in Canada. (Canadian Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance).
  533. Ontario Ministry of Education. (2006). Daily Physical Activity in Schools - Guide for School Boards.
  534. Canadian Association for Health, P. E. R. D. (2006-04-21). Quebec Ministry of Education Commended for its Focus on Children's Quality Physical Education. Retrieved on May 12, 2009, from  www.cahperd.ca/membersonly/e/intouch/documents/CAHPERD.pdf
  535. Datar, A. & Sturm, R. (2004). Physical education in elementary school and body mass index: evidence from the early childhood longitudinal study. American Journal of Public Health, 94(9), 1501-1506.
  536. Summerbell C.D., Waters E., Edmunds L.D., Kelly S., Brown T., and Campbell K.J. (2005). Interventions for preventing obesity in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD00187. DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD001871.pub2.
  537. Gortmaker, S. L., Sobol, A. M., Peterson, K., Weicha, J., Dixit, S., Fox, M. K. et al. (1999). Reducing obesity via a school-based interdisciplinary intervention among youth. Archives of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, 153(4), 409-418.
  538. Annapolis Valley Regional School Board. (2009). Annapolis Valley Health Promoting School Project. Retrieved on February 19, 2009, from  www.avrsb.ednet.ns.ca/main/index.php?pagecontentid=230&p_type=1
  539. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2009-04-20). Annapolis Valley Health Promoting Schools. Retrieved on July 23, 2009, from
    cbpp-pcpe.phac-aspc.gc.ca/intervention/291/view-eng.html
  540. Veugelers, P. J. & Fitzgerald, A. L. (2005). Effectiveness of school programs in preventing childhood obesity: a multilevel comparison. American Journal of Public Health, 95(3), 432-435.
  541. Canada in motion. (2009). Canada in motion: Physical Activity - do it for life. Retrieved on March 27, 2009, from  www.canadainmotion.ca/in_motion_national_inst/
  542. Saskatoon Regional Health Authority. (2005). Saskatoon in motion: Five Years In The Making.
  543. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2002-09-20). Activity Guidelines. Retrieved on May 29, 2009, from www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/pau-uap/paguide/child_youth/
    children/guidelines.html
  544. Saskatoon Regional Health Authority. (2003). Children and Youth. Retrieved on May 5, 2009, from  www.canadainmotion.ca/get_in_motion/
  545. Smart Risk. (n.d.). About Smartrisk No Regrets. Retrieved on October 23, 2008, from  www.smartrisk.ca/youth/smartrisk_no_regrets/
    about_smartrisk_no_regrets.html
  546. Smart Risk. (n.d.). About Smartrisk. Retrieved on October 23, 2008, from  www.smartrisk.ca/about_us/about_smartrisk/about_smartrisk.html
  547. Ungar, M. (2007). Too safe for their own good: How risk and responsibility help teens thrive. (Toronto: McCelland and Stewart).
  548. Health Canada. (2005-07-19). Sudden Infant Death Syndrome "Back to Sleep" Campaign. Retrieved on January 19, 2009, from  www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ahc-asc/activit/
    marketsoc/camp/sids-eng.php
  549. Hauck, F. R. & Tanabe, K. O. (2008). International Trends in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: Stabilization of Rates Requires Further Action. Pediatrics, 122(3), 660–666.
  550. Impact the injury prevention centre of Children's Hospital. (n.d.). A Review of Best Practices Preventing Suffocation and Choking Injuries in Manitoba.
  551. Ehiri, J. E., Ejere, H. O. D., Magnussen, L., Emusu, D., King, W., & Osberg, J. S. (2006). Interventions to increase booster seat use among 4–8 year olds: A Cochrane review. International Journal of Epidemiology, 35(5), 1136–1139.
  552. Gielen, A. C. & Sleet, D. (2004). Application of Behavior-Change Theories and Methods to Injury Prevention. Epidemiologic Reviews, 25(1), 65–76.
  553. McGinnis, J., Williams-Russo, P., & Knickman, J. (2002). The Case for More Active Policy Attention to Health Promotion. Health Affairs, 21(2), 78–93.
  554. Safe Kids Canada. (2009-06-04). Safe Kids Canada. Retrieved on June 4, 2009, from  www.safekidscanada.ca/safekidsCanada/
  555. Think First. (n.d.). About Us. Retrieved on June 4, 2009, from  www.thinkfirst.ca/aboutus/index.aspx
  556. Safe Kids Canada. (2008). Child Passenger Safety. Retrieved on October 24, 2008, from  www.safekidscanada.ca/SKCPublicPolicyAdvocacy/section.asp?s=
    Child%2BPassenger%2BSafety&sID=15073
  557. Wesson, D. E., Stephens, D., Lam, K., Parsons, D., Spence, L., & Parkin, P. C. (2008). Trends in Pediatric and Adult Bicycling Deaths Before and After Passage of a Bicycle Helmet Law. Pediatrics, 122(3), 605–610.
  558. MacPherson, A. K., To, T. M., MacArthur, C., Chipman, M. L., Wright, J. G., & Parkin, P. C. (2002). Mandatory Helmet Legislation and Bicycle-Related Head Injuries in Children. Pediatrics, 110(5), e60.
  559. Health Canada. (2006-07-10). Playground Equipment. Retrieved on December 9, 2008, from  www.hc-sc.gc.ca/cps-spc/sport/equip-play-jeu/index-eng.php
  560. Howard, A. W., MacArthur, C., Willan, A., Rothman, L., Moses-Mckeag, A., & MacPherson, A. K. (2005). The effect of safer play equipment on playground injury rates among school children. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 172(11), 1443-1446.
  561. Hemenway, D. (2008). Protecting Children from Firearm Violence. In Big Ideas for Children: Investing in Our Nation's Future (pp. 203-210). (Washington D.C.: First Focus).
  562. World Health Organization & UNICEF. (2008). World report on child injury prevention. (Geneva: World Health Organization).
  563. Bergman, A. B. & Rivara, F. P. (1991). Sweden's Experience in Reducing Childhood Injuries. Pediatrics, 88(1), 69-74.
  564. Bergman, A. B. (2000). Ragnar Berfenstam's Legacy. Injury Prevention, 6(4), 4.
  565. Ramsay, S. (2001). Child-injury death rates - do international comparisons help? The Lancet, 357(9254), 454.
  566. Statistics Canada. (2008). Canadian Demographics at a Glance.
  567. Keon, W. J. & Pépin, L. (2009). A Healthy Productive Canada: A Determinant of Health Approach. (Ottawa: Standing Committee on Social Affairs, Science and Technology).
  568. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2009-04-22). Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program (CHIRPP). Retrieved on July 28, 2009, from
    www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/injury-bles/chirpp/index-eng.php
  569. Attaran, A. (2008). A legislative failure of epidemic proportions. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 179(1), 9.
  570. University of Manitoba. (2003). POPULIS - What is it anyway? Retrieved on July 29, 2009, from  www.mchp-appserv.cpe.umanitoba.ca/concept/populis.html
  571. Pronovost, G. (2003). Le congé parental en Suède. Bulletin de Recherche Sur La Famille, 4(1), 12.
  572. Melhuish, E., Belsky, J., Leyland, A. H., & Barnes, J. (2008). Effects of fully-established Sure Start Local Programmes on 3-year-old children and their families living in England: a quasi-experimental observational study. The Lancet, 372, 1641-1647.
  573. Hancock, T. (2009). Act Locally: Community-based population health promotion.
  574. Communications Branch, I. a. N. A. C. (2002). Words First: An Evolving Terminology Relating to Aboriginal Peoples in Canada.
  575. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2003-09). Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 1.2 Public Use Microdata File (PUMF) User Guide. Retrieved on December 12, 2008, from  www.statcan.gc.ca/imdb-bmdi/instrument/5015_Q1_V1-eng.pdf
  576. Mathers, C. & Leonardi, M. (2000). Global Burden of Disease 2000. Global burden of dementia in the year 2000: Summary of methods and data sources. (World Health Organization).
  577. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2008-06-05). Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 4.1 Public Use Microdata File (PUMF) User Guide. Retrieved on December 12, 2008, from  www.statcan.gc.ca/imdb-bmdi/instrument/3226_Q1_V4-eng.pdf
  578. Canadian Cancer Society, National Cancer Institute of Canada, Public Health Agency of Canada, Statistics Canada, & Provincial/Territorial Cancer Registries. (2008). Canadian Cancer Statistics 2008.
  579. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2008-05-28). Reported cases of notifiable STI from January 1 to June 30, 2007 and January 1 to June 30, 2008 and corresponding annual rates for the years 2007 and 2008. Retrieved on March 25, 2009, from
    www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/std-mts/stdcases-casmts/cases-cas-08-eng.php
  580. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2005-06). Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 3.1 Public Use Microdata File (PUMF) User Guide. Retrieved on December 12, 2008, from  www.statcan.gc.ca/imdb-bmdi/instrument/3226_Q1_V3-eng.pdf
  581. Statistics Canada. (2009-03-30). CANSIM Table 102-0529 Deaths, by cause, Chapter IX: Diseases of the circulatory system (I00 to I99), age group and sex, Canada, annual [Data File]. Retrieved on March 30, 2009, from  www.cansim2.statcan.ca/cgi-win/
    cnsmcgi.pgm?Lang=E&ArrayId=1020529&Array_Pick=1&RootDir=CII/
    &ResultTemplate=CII\CII___
  582. Statistics Canada. (2007-04-27). CANSIM Table 105-0460 Contact with dental professionals in the past 12 months, by age group and sex, household population aged 12 and over, Canada, provinces, territories, health regions (June 2005 boundaries) and peer groups, every 2 years [Data File]. Retrieved on November 21, 2008, from  www.cansim2.statcan.ca/cgi-win/cnsmcgi.pgm?Lang=E&RootDir=CII/
    &ResultTemplate=CII/CII___&Array_Pick=1&ArrayId=1050460
  583. Health Canada. (2008-08-26). Canadian Tobacco Use Monitoring Survey (CTUMS) 2007 - Table 1. Smoking status and average number of cigarettes smoked per day, by age group and sex, age 15+ years, Canada 2007. Retrieved on August 25, 2008, from
     www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hl-vs/tobac-tabac/research-recherche/stat/
    _ctums-esutc_2007/ann-table1-eng.php
  584. New Brunswick Family and Community Services. (n.d.). Greater Opportunties for New Brunswick Children: An Early Childhood Development Agenda.
  585. Statistics Canada. (2007-07-13). Definitions, data sources and methods - Health Status. Retrieved on November 21, 2008, from  www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/
    82-221-XIE/2007001/defin/defin1.htm
  586. Statistics Canada & Human Resources and Social Development Canada. (2006). National Longitudinal Survey of Children & Youth. Cycle 6 Survey Instruments 2004/2005. Book 1 - Parent, Child & Youth.
  587. Environment Canada. (2009-03-12). Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators 2008. Retrieved on March 12, 2009, from  www.ec.gc.ca/indicateurs-indicators/
    default.asp?lang=En&n=4B5631F9-1
  588. Statistics Canada. (2009-03-02). CANSIM Table 282-0004 - Labour force survey estimates (LFS), by educational attainment, sex and age group, annual [Data File].
  589. Health Canada. (2007). Canadian Addiction Survey - A National Survey of Canadians' Use of Alcohol and Other Drugs.
  590. Statistics Canada. (2008-07-25). Immigration. Retrieved on November 21, 2008, from  www.statcan.ca/english/concepts/definitions/immigration.htm
  591. Statistics Canada. (2007-11-20). Profile of Language, Immigration, Citizenship, Mobility and Migration for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2006 Census [Data File]. Retrieved on November 21, 2008, from  www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/profiles/release/
    RetrieveProductTable.cfm?TPL=RETR&ALEVEL=3&APATH=3&CATNO=&DETAIL=
    0&DIM=&DS=99&FL=0&FREE=0&GAL=0&GC=99&GK=NA&GRP=1&IPS=&METH=
    0&ORDER=1&PID=89770&PTYPE=89103&RL=0&S=1&ShowAll=No&StartRow=1&SUB=
    0&Temporal=2006&Theme=70&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=
  592. Statistics Canada. (2008-07-28). Place of Birth. Retrieved on November 21, 2008, from  www.statcan.ca/english/concepts/definitions/birth.htm
  593. Statistics Canada. (2009-04-27). CANSIM Table 102-0507 Infant mortality, by age group, Canada, provinces and territories, annual [Data File]. Retrieved on April 27, 2009, from  www.cansim2.statcan.ca/cgi-win/cnsmcgi.pgm?Lang=E&RootDir=CII/
    &ResultTemplate=CII/CII___&Array_Pick=1&ArrayId=1020507
  594. Statistics Canada. (2009-03-30). CANSIM Table 102-0522 Deaths, by cause, Chapter II: Neoplasms (C00 to D48), age group and sex, Canada, annual [Data File]. Retrieved on March 30, 2009, from  www.cansim2.statcan.ca/cgi-win/cnsmcgi.pgm?Lang=
    E&ArrayId=1020522&Array_Pick=1&RootDir=CII/&ResultTemplate=CII\CII___
  595. Ellison, L. F. & Wilkins, K. (2009). Cancer prevalence in the Canadian population. Health Reports, 20(1), 7-19.
  596. Human Resources and Social Development Canada, Public Health Agency of Canada, & Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. (2007). The Well-Being of Canada's Young Children: Government of Canada Report 2008.
  597. Statistics Canada. (2008). Births, 2006.
  598. Statistics Canada. (2009-06-24). CANSIM Table 105-0407 Measured adult body mass index (BMI), by age group and sex, household population aged 18 and over excluding pregnant females, Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS 3.1), Canada, every 2 years [Data File]. Retrieved on June 13, 2008, from  www.cansim2.statcan.ca/cgi-win/
    cnsmcgi.pgm?Lang=E&RootDir=CII/&ResultTemplate=CII/CII___&Array_Pick=
    1&ArrayId=1050407
  599. Statistics Canada. (2008). Quarterly Demographic Estimates, January to March 2008. Quarterly Demographic Estimates, 22(1), 1-99.
  600. Statistics Canada. (2007-05-11). CANSIM Table 102-0311 Potential years of life lost, by selected causes of death and sex, population aged 0 to 74, three-year average, Canada, provinces, territories, health regions and peer groups, occasional [Data File]. Retrieved on December 12, 2008, from  www.cansim2.statcan.ca/cgi-win/cnsmcgi.pgm?Lang=
    E&RootDir=CII/&ResultTemplate=CII/CII___&Array_Pick=1&ArrayId=1020311
  601. Statistics Canada. (2008-12-04). CANSIM Table 102-0110 Potential years of life lost, by selected causes of death (ICD-10) and sex, population aged 0 to 74, Canada, provinces and territories, annual [Data File]. Retrieved on November 4, 2008, from  www.cansim2.statcan.ca/cgi-win/cnsmcgi.pgm?Lang=E&RootDir=CII/
    &ResultTemplate=CII/CII___&Array_Pick=1&ArrayId=1020110
  602. Public Health Agency of Canada. (1999-06-16). Measuring Up: A Health Surveillance Update on Canadian Children and Youth - Preterm Birth. Retrieved on July 26, 2009, from www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/meas-haut/mu_d_e.html
  603. Statistics Canada. (2009-03-30). CANSIM Table 102-0530 Deaths, by cause, Chapter X: Diseases of the respiratory system (J00 to J99), age group and sex, Canada, annual [Data File]. Retrieved on March 30, 2009, from  www.cansim2.statcan.ca/cgi-win/
    cnsmcgi.pgm?Lang=E&ArrayId=1020530&Array_Pick=1&RootDir=CII/
    &ResultTemplate=CII\CII___
  604. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2002-09-02). Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). Retrieved on January 13, 2009, from www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/dca-dea/prenatal/
    sids-eng.php
  605. Statistics Canada. (2008-10-17). CANSIM Table 106-9002 Pregnancy outcomes, by age group, Canada, provinces and territories, annual [Data File]. Retrieved on January 8, 2009, from  www.cansim2.statcan.ca/cgi-win/cnsmcgi.exe?Lang=
    E&RootDir=CII/&ResultTemplate=CII/CII___&Array_Pick=1&ArrayId=1069002
  606. Statistics Canada. (2007-09-05). Urban Area. Retrieved on November 24, 2008, from  www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/reference/dictionary/geo049.cfm
  607. Statistics Canada. (2009-06-26). CANSIM Table 105-0501 Health indicator profile, annual estimates, by age group and sex, Canada, provinces, territories, health regions (2007 boundaries) and peer groups, occasional [Data File]. Retrieved on July 16, 2008, from  www.cansim2.statcan.ca/cgi-win/cnsmcgi.pgm?Lang=E&RootDir=CII/
    &ResultTemplate=CII/CII___&Array_Pick=1&ArrayId=1050501
  608. Dauvergne, M. (2008). Crime Statistics in Canada, 2007. Juristat, 28(7), 1–17.

Page details

Date modified: