Canadian Species at Risk, November 2002

1. Table of Contents
2. About COSEWIC
3. Summary Tables
4. Record of Status Re-examinations
5. List of Name Changes
6. COSEWIC
7. COSEWIC Lists I

Cover Illustration: Line drawing of the Massassauga Rattlesnake, by Sarah Ingwersen, Aurora, Ontario.

This list can be cited as follows: COSEWIC, 2002. Canadian Species at Risk, November 2002.
Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. 37 pp.

The Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) determines the national status of wild species, subspecies, varieties, and nationally significant populations that are considered to be at risk in Canada. Designations are made on all native species for the following taxonomic groups: mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, lepidopterans, molluscs, vascular plants, mosses, and lichens.

COSEWIC comprises members from each provincial and territorial government wildlife agency, four federal agencies (Canadian Wildlife Service, Parks Canada Agency, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, and the Federal Biosystematics Partnership, chaired by the Canadian Museum of Nature), three nonjurisdictional members and the co-chairs of the
species specialist and the Aboriginal Traditional Knowledge subcommittees. The Committee meets to consider status reports on candidate species.

* Formerly described as "Vulnerable" from 1990 to 1999, or "Rare" prior to 1990.
** Formerly described as "Not In Any Category", or "No Designation Required."
*** Formerly described as "Indeterminate" from 1994 to 1999 or "ISIBD" (insufficient scientific information on which to base a designation) prior to 1994.

* Explanation of terms on following page.

A short history is provided for each species that has been re-examined by COSEWIC, including date(s) of examination and the status assigned.

In October 1999 COSEWIC began using quantitative criteria to augment the earlier method of using status definitions to assign status. For species assessed since October 1999, the type of status report used as the basis for re-examination is indicated. Update reports focus on changes in the biological and threat information that has become available since the last time report was prepared. For some species, COSEWIC deemed the existing report suitable for re-examination in the short-term.

Acadian Flycatcher
Designated Endangered in April 1994. Status re-examined and confirmed in November 2000. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Allegheny Mountain Dusky Salamander
Designated Special Concern in April 1998. Status re-examined and uplisted to Threatened in November 2001. Last assessment based on an existing status report with an addendum.
American Badger
Designated Not at Risk in April 1979. Original Canada-wide listing de-activated in May 2000 when the American Badger was split according to subspecies.
American Black Bear
Designated Not at Risk in April 1998. Status re-examined and confirmed in April 1999.
American Ginseng
Designated Threatened in April 1988. Status re-examined and uplisted to Endangered in April 1999. Status re-examined and confirmed Endangered in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
American Marten (Newfoundland population)
Designated Not at Risk in April 1979. Status re-examined and uplisted to Threatened in April 1986. Status re-examined and uplisted to Endangered in April 1996. Status re-examined and confirmed Endangered in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
American Water-willow
Designated Threatened in April 1984. Status re-examined and confirmed in May 2000. Last assessment based on an update status report.
American White Pelican
Designated Threatened in April 1978. Status re-examined and de-listed (Not at Risk) in April 1987.
Anticosti Aster
Designated Threatened in April 1990. Status re-examined and confirmed in May 2000. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Athabasca Thrift
Designated Threatened in April 1981. Status re-examined and downlisted to Special Concern in April 1999. Status re-examined and confirmed in May 2002.
Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Atlantic Walrus (Northwest Atlantic population)
Extirpated around 1850. Designated Extirpated in April 1987. Status confirmed in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.

Atlantic Whitefish
Designated Endangered in April 1984. Status re-examined and confirmed in November 2000. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Aurora Trout
Designated Endangered in April 1987. Status re-examined and confirmed in May 2000. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Baird's Sparrow
Designated Threatened in April 1989. Status re-examined and de-listed (Not at Risk) in April 1996.
Banff Longnose Dace
Extinct since 1986. Designated Extinct in April 1987. Status confirmed in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Banff Springs Snail
Designated Threatened in April 1997. Status re-examined and uplisted to Endangered in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Barn Owl
Canadian range was considered as a whole when the Barn Owl was designated as Special Concern in April 1984. In April 1999, COSEWIC assessed the Western and Eastern populations of this species separately. The original listing for the Canadian range of the Barn Owl was de-activated.
Barn Owl (Eastern population)
Canadian range was considered as a whole when the Barn Owl was designated as Special Concern in April 1984. In April 1999, COSEWIC assessed the Western and Eastern populations of this species separately. The Eastern
population was designated Endangered. Status re-examined and confirmed in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Barn Owl (Western population)
Canadian range was considered as a whole when the Barn Owl was designated as Special Concern in April 1984. In April 1999, the Western and Eastern populations of this species were assessed separately. The Western population was designated Special Concern. Status re-examined and confirmed in November 2001. Last assessment based on an existing status report.

Bashful Bulrush
Designated Special Concern in April 1986. Status re-examined and uplisted to Endangered in May 2000. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Bearded Owl-clover
Designated Endangered in April 1998. Status re-examined and confirmed in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Beluga Whale (St. Lawrence River population)
Designated Endangered in April 1983. Status re-examined and confirmed in April 1997.
Benthic Hadley Lake Stickleback
Extinct in 1999. Designated Extinct in April 1999. Status confirmed in May 2000.
Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Benthic Paxton Lake Stickleback
Designated Threatened in April 1998. Status re-examined and confirmed in April 1999. Status re-examined and uplisted to Endangered in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Benthic Vananda Creek Stickleback
Designated Threatened in April 1999. Status re-examined and uplisted to Endangered in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Bering Wolffish
Designated Special Concern in April 1989. Status re-examined in November 2002 and changed to Data Deficient. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Bird's-foot Violet .
Designated Threatened in April 1990. Status re-examined and uplisted to Endangered in May 2002. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Black Ratsnake
Designated Threatened in April 1998. Status re-examined and confirmed in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Black Tern
Designated Not at Risk in April 1988. Status re-examined and confirmed in April 1996.
Black-footed Ferret
Extirpated by 1974. Designated Extirpated in April 1978. Status confirmed in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Blackstripe Topminnow
Designated Special Concern in April 1985. Status re-examined and confirmed in May 2001. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Black-tailed Prairie Dog
Designated Special Concern in April 1978. Status re-examined and confirmed Special Concern in April 1988, April 1999 and in November 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Blue Ash
Designated Threatened in April 1983. Status re-examined and downlisted to Special Concern in November 2000. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Blue Racer
Designated Endangered in April 1991. Status re-examined and confirmed in May 2002. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Blue Walleye
Extinct since 1965. Designated Extinct in April 1985. Status confirmed in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Blue Whale
Canadian range was designated Special Concern in April 1983. In May 2002, the species was split into two populations: Blue Whale (Atlantic population) and Blue Whale (Pacific population). The Atlantic population and the Pacific populations were both designated Endangered in May 2002. The original listing for Blue Whale was de-activated.
Bluehearts
Designated Threatened in April 1985. Status re-examined and uplisted to Endangered in April 1998. Status re-examined and confirmed in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Blunt-lobed Woodsia
Designated Threatened in April 1994. Status re-examined and uplisted to Endangered in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Bowhead Whale (Eastern and Western Arctic Populations)
Designated Endangered in April 1980. Split into two populations (Eastern Arctic and Western Arctic) to allow a separate designation for the Western Arctic population in April 1986. Original listing was de-activated.
Bridle Shiner
Designated Special Concern in April 1999. Status re-examined and confirmed in November 2001. Last assessment based on an existing status report with an addendum.
Brindled Madtom
Designated Special Concern in April 1985. Status re-examined and de-listed (Not at Risk) in May 2001. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Buffalograss
Designated Special Concern in April 1998. Status re-examined and uplisted to Threatened in November 2001. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Burrowing Owl
Designated Threatened in April 1979. Status re-examined and confirmed in April 1991. Status re-examined and uplisted to Endangered in April 1995. Status re-examined and confirmed Endangered in May 2000. Last assessment based
on an existing status report.

Butler's Gartersnake
Designated Special Concern in April 1999. Status re-examined and uplisted to Threatened in November 2001. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Canada Lynx
Designated Not at Risk in April 1989. Status re-examined and confirmed in May 2001. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Caribou dawsoni subspecies Extinct by the 1920's. Designated Extinct in April 1984. Status confirmed in May 2000. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Caspian Tern
Designated Special Concern in April 1978. Status re-examined and de-listed (Not at Risk) in April 1999.
Central Stoneroller
Designated Special Concern in 1985. Status re-examined and de-listed (Not at Risk) in 1998.
Channel Darter
Designated Threatened in April 1993. Status re-examined and confirmed in May 2002. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Climbing Prairie Rose
Designated Special Concern in April 1986. Status re-examined and uplisted to Threatened in May 2002. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Coastal Wood Fern
Designated Special Concern in April 1998. Status re-examined and confirmed in November 2001. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Coeur d'Alène Salamander
Designated Special Concern in April 1998. Status re-examined and confirmed in November 2001. Last assessment based on an existing status report with an addendum.
Colicroot
Designated Threatened in April 1988. Status re-examined and confirmed in November 2000. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Common Hoptree
Designated Special Concern in April 1984. Status re-examined and uplisted to Threatened in November 2002. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Cooper's Hawk
Designated Special Concern in April 1983. Status re-examined and de-listed (Not at Risk) in April 1996.
Cougar (Eastern population)
Designated Endangered in April 1978. Status re-examined in April 1998 and designated Data Deficient.

Cowichan Lake Lamprey
Designated Special Concern in April 1986. Status re-examined and confirmed in April 1998. Status re-examined and uplisted to Threatened in November 2000.
Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Crooked-stem Aster
Designated Special Concern in April 1999. Status re-examined and uplisted to Threatened in May 2002. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Cucumber Tree
Designated Endangered in April 1984. Status re-examined and confirmed Endangered in April 1999 and in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Cultus Pygmy Sculpin
Designated Special Concern in April 1997. Status re-examined and uplisted to Threatened in November 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Deepwater Cisco
Extinct since 1952. Designated Extinct in April 1988. Status confirmed in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Deerberry
Designated Threatened in April 1994. Status re-examined and confirmed in November 2000. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Deltoid Balsamroot
Designated in April 1996 as Endangered. Status re-examined and confirmed Endangered in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Dense Blazing Star
Designated Special Concern in April 1988. Status re-examined and uplisted to Threatened in May 2001. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Drooping Trillium
Designated Endangered in April 1996. Status re-assessed and confirmed in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Dwarf Wedgemussel
Extirpated by 1968. Designated Extirpated in April 1999. Status confirmed in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Eastern Bluebird
Designated Special Concern in April 1984. Status re-examined and de-listed (Not at Risk) in April 1996.
Eastern Fox Snake
Designated Threatened in April 1999. Status re-examined and confirmed in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Eastern Hog-nosed Snake
Designated Special Concern in April 1997. Status re-examined and uplisted to Threatened in November 2001. Last assessment based on an existing status report.

Eastern Loggerhead Shrike
Entire Canadian range designated as Threatened in April 1986. Split according to subspecies in April 1991. The migrans subspecies was uplisted to Endangered in April 1991. Status re-examined and confirmed in November 2000. Last
assessment based on an update status report.
Eastern Mole
Designated Special Concern in April 1980. Status re-examined and confirmed Special Concern in April 1998 and in November 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Eastern Mountain Avens
Designated Endangered in April 1986. Status re-examined and confirmed Endangered in April 1999 and May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Eastern Prickly Pear Cactus
Designated Endangered in April 1985. Status re-examined and confirmed Endangered in April 1998 and in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Eastern Sand Darter
Designated Threatened in April 1994. Status re-examined and confirmed inNovember 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report with an addendum.
Eastern Spiny Softshell Turtle
Designated Threatened in April 1991. Status re-examined and confirmed in May2002. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Eastern Wolf
Designated Data Deficient in April 1999. Status re-examined in May 2001 anddesignated Special Concern. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Eastern Yellow-breasted Chat
Designated Special Concern in April 1994. Status re-examined and confirmed inNovember 2000. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Eelgrass Limpet
Extinct since 1929. Designated Extinct in April 1996. Status re-examined andconfirmed in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Engelmann's Quillwort
Designated Endangered in April 1992. Status re-examined and confirmed in May2001. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Enos Lake Sticklebacks
Designated Threatened in April 1988. Split into two species whenre-examined in November 2002: Benthic Enos Lake Stickleback and Limnetic
Enos Lake Stickleback. The original listing was de-activated. Lastassessment based on an update status report.
Ermine haidarum subspecies
Designated Special Concern in April 1984. Status re-examined and uplisted toThreatened in May 2001. Last assessment based on an update status report.

Eskimo Curlew
Designated Endangered in April 1978. Status re-examined and confirmed Endangered in May 2000. Last assessment based on an update status report.
False Hop Sedge
Designated Threatened in April 1997. Status re-examined and uplisted to Endangered in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Fernald's Braya
Designated Threatened in April 1997. Status re-examined and confirmed in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report with an addendum.
Fernald's Milk-vetch
Designated Special Concern in April 1997. Status re-examined and confirmed in November 2001. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Ferruginous Hawk
Designated Threatened in April 1980. Status re-examined and downlisted to Special Concern in April 1995.
Flammulated Owl
Designated Special Concern in April 1988. Status re-examined and confirmed Special Concern in April 1999 and in November 2001. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Fowler's Toad
Designated Special Concern in April 1986. Status re-examined and uplisted to Threatened in April 1999. Status re-examined and confirmed in November 2000.
Last assessment based on an existing status report with an addendum.
Frosted Elfin
Extirpated by 1988. Designated Extirpated in April 1999. Status confirmed in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Furbish's Lousewort
Designated Endangered in April 1980. Status re-examined and confirmed Endangered in April 1998 and in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Gattinger's Agalinis
Designated Endangered in April 1988. Status re-examined and confirmed in April 1999 and in May 2001. Last assessment based on an existing status report that was modified.
Giant Helleborine
Designated Threatened in April 1984. Status re-examined and downlisted to Special Concern in April 1998.

Golden Crest
Designated Threatened in April 1987. Status re-examined and confirmed Threatened in April 1999 and in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Golden Eagle
Designated Not at Risk in April 1987. Status re-examined and confirmed in April 1996.
Golden Paintbrush
Designated Threatened in April 1995. Status re-examined and uplisted to Endangered in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report
with an addendum.
Goldenseal
Designated Threatened in April 1991. Status re-examined and confirmed in May 2000. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Gravel Chub
Last recorded in Thames River drainage, ON in 1958. Designated Endangered in April 1985. Status re-examined and uplisted to Extirpated in April 1987.
Extirpated status confirmed in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Great Auk
Believed to be Extinct since 1844. Designated in April 1985 based on historic records only. Status report prepared and approved by COSEWIC in 1994. Status confirmed in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Great Basin Spadefoot
Designated Special Concern in April 1998. Status re-examined and uplisted to Threatened in November 2001. Last assessment based on an existing status
report.
Great Grey Owl
Designated Special Concern in April 1979. Status re-examined and confirmed in April 1990. Status re-examined and de-listed (Not at Risk) in April 1996.
Great Plains Toad
Designated Special Concern in April 1999. Status re-examined and confirmed Special Concern in May 2002. Last assessment based on an existing status
report.
Greater Prairie-Chicken
Last reported in 1987. Designated Endangered in April 1978. Status re-examined and uplisted to Extirpated in April 1990. Status re-confirmed in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Greater Sage-grouse phaios subspecies
Has not been reported since the 1960's. Designated Extirpated in April 1997.
Extirpated status confirmed in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Greater Sage-grouse urophasianus subspecies
Given conditional designation of Threatened in April 1997. Status re-examined and uplisted to Endangered in April 1998 based on a revised status report. Status re-examined confirmed Endangered in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.

Grey Fox
Designated Special Concern in April 1979. Status re-examined and uplisted to Threatened in May 2002. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Grey Whale (Atlantic population)
Extirpated before the end of the 1800's. Designated Extirpated in April 1987.
Status confirmed in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Grizzly Bear
Canadian range considered as one population and designated Not at Risk in April
1979. Split into two populations in April 1991 (Prairie population and Northwestern
population). Original listing for "Grizzly Bear" across Canada de-activated.
Grizzly Bear (Northwestern population)
Canadian range considered as one population and designated Not at Risk in April 1979. Split into two populations in April 1991 (Prairie population and Northwestern population). Northwestern population designated Special Concern in April 1991.
The status was re-examined and confirmed in May 2002. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Grizzly Bear (Prairie population)
Canadian range considered as one population and designated Not at Risk in April 1979. Split into two populations in April 1991 (Prairie population and Northwestern population). Prairie population designated Extirpated in April 1991. Status
re-examined and confirmed in May 2000 and in May 2002. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Gyrfalcon
Designated Not at Risk in April 1978. Status re-examined and confirmed in April 1987.
Hairy Prairie-clover
Designated Threatened in April 1998. Status re-examined and confirmed in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report with an addendum.
Harbour Porpoise (Northwest Atlantic population)
Designated Threatened in April 1990. Status re-examined and confirmed in April 1991.
Harlequin Duck (Eastern population)
The Eastern population was designated Endangered in April 1990. Status re-examined and downlisted to Special Concern in May 2001. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Heart-leaved Plantain
Designated Endangered in April 1985. Status re-examined and confirmed Endangered in April 1998 and in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.

Henslow's Sparrow
Designated Threatened in April 1984. Status re-examined and uplisted to Endangered in April 1993. Status re-examined and confirmed in November 2000.
Last assessment based on an update status report.
Hoary Mountain-mint
Designated Endangered in April 1986. Status re-examined and confirmed Endangered in April 1998 and in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Hooded Warbler
Designated Threatened in April 1994. Status re-examined and confirmed in November 2000. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Hotwater Physa
Designated Endangered in April 1998. Status re-examined and confirmed in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Humpback Whale (Western North Atlantic and North Pacific populations)
The "Western North Atlantic and North Pacific populations" were given a single designation of Threatened in April 1982. Split into two populations in April 1985 (Western North Atlantic population and North Pacific population). Original listing
was de-activated.
Illinois Tick-trefoil
No site records since 1888. Designated Extirpated in April 1991. Extirpated status confirmed in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Island Marble
Extirpated by 1910. Designated Extirpated in April 1999. Status confirmed in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Ivory Gull
Designated Special Concern in April 1979. Status re-examined and confirmed in April 1996 and in November 2001. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Juniper Sedge
Designated Endangered in April 1999. Status re-examined and confirmed in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Karner Blue
Has not been observed since 1991. Designated Extirpated in April 1997.
Extirpated status confirmed in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Kentucky Coffee-tree
Designated Threatened in April 1983. Status re-examined and confirmed in November 2000. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Killer Whale (North Pacific "resident" populations)
Designated Threatened in April 1999. The Killer Whale (North Pacific "resident" populations) was de-activated in November 2001 when it was split into two populations: Killer Whale (Northeast Pacific northern resident population) and
based on an existing status report with an addendum
Killer Whale (Northeast Pacific transient population)
Designated Special Concern in April 1999. Status re-examined and uplisted toThreatened in November 2001. Last assessment based on an existing statusreport with an addendum.
Killer Whale (Northwest Atlantic / Eastern Arctic populations)
Designated Data Deficient in April 1999. Status re-examined and confirmed inNovember 2001. Last assessment based on an existing status report with an addendum.
King Rail
Designated Special Concern in April 1985. Status re-examined and uplisted toEndangered in April 1994. Status re-examined and confirmed in November 2000.
Last assessment based on an update status report.
Kirtland's Warbler
Designated Endangered in April 1979. Status re-examined and confirmed in April
1999 and in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Labrador Duck
Believed to be Extinct since 1875. Designated in April 1985 based on historic
records only. Status report prepared and approved by COSEWIC in 1994. Status
confirmed in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Lake Chubsucker
Designated Special Concern in April 1994. Status re-examined and uplisted to
Threatened in November 2001. Last assessment based on an existing status
report with an addendum.
Lake Utopia Dwarf Smelt
Designated Threatened in April 1998. Status re-examined and confirmed in May
2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Lake Whitefish (Mira River population)
Designated Data Deficient in April 1999 and in November 2000. Last assessment
based on an existing status report.
Large Whorled Pogonia
Designated Endangered in April 1986. Status re-examined and confirmed
Endangered in April 1998 and in May 2000. Last assessment based on an
existing status report.

Henslow's Sparrow
Designated Threatened in April 1984. Status re-examined and uplisted to
Endangered in April 1993. Status re-examined and confirmed in November 2000.
Last assessment based on an update status report.
Hoary Mountain-mint
Designated Endangered in April 1986. Status re-examined and confirmed
Endangered in April 1998 and in May 2000. Last assessment based on an
existing status report.
Hooded Warbler
Designated Threatened in April 1994. Status re-examined and confirmed in
November 2000. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Hotwater Physa
Designated Endangered in April 1998. Status re-examined and confirmed in May
2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Humpback Whale (Western North Atlantic and North Pacific populations)
The "Western North Atlantic and North Pacific populations" were given a single
designation of Threatened in April 1982. Split into two populations in April 1985
(Western North Atlantic population and North Pacific population). Original listing
was de-activated.
Illinois Tick-trefoil
No site records since 1888. Designated Extirpated in April 1991. Extirpated
status confirmed in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status
report.
Island Marble
Extirpated by 1910. Designated Extirpated in April 1999. Status confirmed in May
2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Ivory Gull
Designated Special Concern in April 1979. Status re-examined and confirmed in
April 1996 and in November 2001. Last assessment based on an existing status
report.
Juniper Sedge
Designated Endangered in April 1999. Status re-examined and confirmed in May
2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Karner Blue
Has not been observed since 1991. Designated Extirpated in April 1997.
Extirpated status confirmed in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing
status report.
Kentucky Coffee-tree
Designated Threatened in April 1983. Status re-examined and confirmed in
November 2000. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Killer Whale (North Pacific "resident" populations)
Designated Threatened in April 1999. The Killer Whale (North Pacific "resident"
populations) was de-activated in November 2001 when it was split into two
populations: Killer Whale (Northeast Pacific northern resident population) and
Killer Whale (Northeast Pacific southern resident population). Last assessment
based on an existing status report with an addendum
Killer Whale (Northeast Pacific transient population)
Designated Special Concern in April 1999. Status re-examined and uplisted to
Threatened in November 2001. Last assessment based on an existing status
report with an addendum.
Killer Whale (Northwest Atlantic / Eastern Arctic populations)
Designated Data Deficient in April 1999. Status re-examined and confirmed in
November 2001. Last assessment based on an existing status report with an addendum.
King Rail
Designated Special Concern in April 1985. Status re-examined and uplisted to
Endangered in April 1994. Status re-examined and confirmed in November 2000.
Last assessment based on an update status report.
Kirtland's Warbler
Designated Endangered in April 1979. Status re-examined and confirmed in April
1999 and in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Labrador Duck
Believed to be Extinct since 1875. Designated in April 1985 based on historic
records only. Status report prepared and approved by COSEWIC in 1994. Status
confirmed in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Lake Chubsucker
Designated Special Concern in April 1994. Status re-examined and uplisted to
Threatened in November 2001. Last assessment based on an existing status
report with an addendum.
Lake Utopia Dwarf Smelt
Designated Threatened in April 1998. Status re-examined and confirmed in May
2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Lake Whitefish (Mira River population)
Designated Data Deficient in April 1999 and in November 2000. Last assessment
based on an existing status report.
Large Whorled Pogonia
Designated Endangered in April 1986. Status re-examined and confirmed
Endangered in April 1998 and in May 2000. Last assessment based on an
existing status report.

Northern Abalone
Designated Threatened in April 1999. Status re-examined and confirmed in May
2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Northern Bottlenose Whale (Scotian Shelf population)
Designated Special Concern in April 1996. Status re-examined and uplisted to
Endangered in November 2002. Last assessment based on an existing status
report with an addendum.
Northern Cricket Frog
Designated Endangered in April 1990. Status re-examined and confirmed in May
2001. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Northern Goshawk laingi subspecies
Designated Special Concern in April 1995. Status re-examined and uplisted to
Threatened in November 2000. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Northern Leopard Frog (Southern Mountain population)
Designated Endangered in April 1998. Status re-examined and confirmed in May
2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Northern Leopard Frog (Western Boreal/Prairie populations)
Designated Special Concern in April 1998. Status re-examined and confirmed
in November 2002. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Northern Madtom
Examined in April 1993 and placed in the Data Deficient category. Re-examined in
April 1998 and designated Special Concern. Status re-examined and uplisted to
Endangered in November 2002. Last assessment based on an existing status report
with an addendum.
Northern Red-legged Frog
Designated Special Concern in April 1999. Status re-examined and confirmed in
May 2002. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Northern Riffleshell
Designated Endangered in April 1999. Status re-examined and confirmed in May
2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report with an addendum.
Northern Spotted Owl
Designated Endangered in April 1986. Status re-examined and confirmed in April
1999 and in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Nuttall's Cottontail pinetis subspecies
Designated Not at Risk in 1994. Status re-examined and confirmed in April 1994.
Oregon Spotted Frog
Designated Endangered in an emergency listing in November 1999. Status
re-examined and confirmed in May 2000. Assessment based on a new
status report.
Pacific Giant Salamander
Designated Special Concern in April 1989. Status re-examined and uplisted to
Threatened in November 2000. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Pacific Sardine
Designated Special Concern in April 1987. Status re-examined and de-listed
(designated Not at Risk) in May 2002. Last assessment based on an update
status report.
Pacific Water Shrew
Designated Threatened in April 1994. Status re-examined and confirmed
Threatened in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report
with an addendum.
Paddlefish
Disappeared from Canada in approximately 1917. Designated Extirpated in April
1987. Status confirmed in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing
status report.
Pallid Bat
Designated Special Concern in April 1988. Status re-examined and uplisted to
Threatened in May 2000. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Passenger Pigeon
Believed to be Extinct since 1914. Designated in April 1985 based on historic
records only. Status report prepared and approved by COSEWIC in 1994. Status
confirmed in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Peary Caribou
The Canadian range of the Peary Caribou was considered as a whole in April
1979 and designated Threatened. In April 1991, the population was split to allow
designation of three separate populations (Banks Island, High Arctic and Low
Arctic populations). The original listing was de-activated
Peregrine Falcon anatum subspecies
Designated Endangered in April 1978. Status re-examined and downlisted to
Threatened in April 1999. Status re-assessed and confirmed Threatened in
May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Peregrine Falcon pealei subspecies
Designated Special Concern in April 1978. Status re-examined and confirmed in
April 1999 and in November 2001. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Peregrine Falcon tundrius subspecies
Designated Threatened in April 1978. Status re-examined and downlisted to
Special Concern in April 1992.
Phantom Orchid
Designated Special Concern in April 1992. Status re-examined and uplisted to
Threatened in May 2000. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Pink Coreopsis
Designated Endangered in April 1984. Status re-examined and confirmed
Endangered in April 1999 and in May 2000. Last assessment based on an
existing status report.
Pink Milkwort
Designated Endangered in April 1984. Status re-examined and confirmed
Endangered in April 1998 and in May 2000. Last assessment based on an
existing status report.
Piping Plover
Entire Canadian population designated Threatened in April 1978. Status
re-examined and uplisted to Endangered in April 1985. In May 2001, the species
was re-examined and split into two groups according to subspecies. The
melodus subspecies and circumcinctus subspecies were each designated
Endangered in May 2001. The original listing for the entire Canadian population
31 was de-activated.

Designated Threatened in April 1988. Status re-examined and uplisted to
Endangered in April 1999. Status re-examined and confirmed Endangered in May
2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Pixie Poacher
Designated Data Deficient in April 1991. Status re-examined and de-activated in
November 2001. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Plains Pocket Gopher
Designated Special Concern in April 1979. Status re-examined and de-listed (Not
at Risk) in April 1998.
Plymouth Gentian
Designated Threatened in April 1984. Status re-examined and confirmed in April
1999 and in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Polar Bear
Designated Not at Risk in April 1986. Status re-examined and uplisted to Special
Concern in April 1991. Status re-examined and confirmed as Special Concern in
April 1999 and in November 2002. Last assessment based on an existing status report
with an addendum.
Prairie Falcon
Designated Not at Risk in April 1978. Status re-examined and confirmed in April
1982 and in April 1996.
Prairie Long-tailed Weasel
Designated Threatened in April 1982. Status re-examined and de-listed (Not
at Risk) in April 1993.
Prairie Lupine
Designated Endangered in April 1996. Status re-examined and confirmed in May
2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Prairie Warbler
Designated Special Concern in April 1985. Status re-examined and de-listed (Not
at Risk) in April 1999.
Prothonotary Warbler
Designated Special Concern in April 1984. Status re-examined and uplisted to
Endangered in April 1996. Status re-examined and confirmed in May 2000. Last
assessment based on an existing status report.
Pugnose Minnow
Designated Special Concern in April 1985. Status re-examined and confirmed in
May 2000. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Pugnose Shiner
Designated Special Concern in April 1985. Status re-examined and uplisted
to Endangered in November 2002. Last assessment based on an
update status report.
Purple Twayblade
Designated Threatened in April 1989. Status re-examined and uplisted to
Endangered in April 1999. Status re-examined and confirmed as Endangered in
May 2001. Last assessment based on an existing status report that was modified.

Pygmy Short-horned Lizard (British Columbia population)
Last reported in 1898. Designated Extirpated in April 1992. Status confirmed in
May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Queen Snake
Designated Threatened in April 1999. Status re-examined and confirmed in May
2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Rayed Bean
Designated Endangered in April 1999. Status re-examined and confirmed in May
2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Red Mulberry
Designated Threatened in April 1987. Status re-examined and uplisted to
Endangered in April 1999. Status re-examined and confirmed Endangered in May
2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Redroot
Designated Threatened in April 1994. Status re-examined and confirmed in May
2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Red-shouldered Hawk
Designated Special Concern in April 1983. Status re-examined and confirmed in
April 1996.
Right Whale
Designated Endangered in 1980. Status re-examined and confirmed Endangered
in April 1985 and in April 1990.
Rigid Apple Moss
Designated Threatened in April 1997. Status re-examined and uplisted to
Endangered in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report
with an addendum.
River Redhorse
Designated Special Concern in April 1983. Status re-examined and confirmed in
April 1987.
Roseate Tern
Designated Threatened in April 1986. Status re-examined and uplisted to
Endangered in April 1999. Endangered status re-examined and confirmed in
October 1999. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Ross's Gull
Designated Special Concern in April 1981. Status re-examined and confirmed in
April 1996. Status re-examined and uplisted to Threatened in November 2001.
Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Rosyface Shiner (Manitoba population)
Designated Special Concern in April 1994. Status re-examined and uplisted to
Threatened in November 2001. Last assessment based on an existing status report.

Round-leaved Greenbrier (Great Lakes Plains population)
Designated Threatened in April 1994. Status re-examined and confirmed in May
2001. Last assessment based on an existing status report with an addendum.
Sage Thrasher
Designated Endangered in April 1992. Status re-examined and confirmed in
November 2000. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Salish Sucker
Designated Endangered in April 1986. Status re-examined and confirmed in
November 2002. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Savannah Sparrow princeps subspecies
Designated Special Concern in April 1979. Status re-examined and confirmed
Special Concern in May 2000. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Scarlet Ammannia
Designated Endangered in April 1999. Status re-examined and confirmed in May
2001. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Sea Mink
Believed Extinct since 1894. Designated Extinct in April 1986. Status confirmed
in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Sea Otter
Designated Endangered in April 1978. Status re-examined and confirmed
Endangered in April 1986. Status re-examined and downlisted to Threatened in
April 1996. Status re-examined and confirmed Threatened in May 2000. Last
assessment based on an existing status report.
Seaside Birds-foot Lotus
Designated Endangered in April 1996. Status re-examined and confirmed in May
2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Seaside Centipede
Designated Endangered in April 1996. Status re-examined and confirmed in May
2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Sharp-shinned Hawk
Designated Not at Risk in April 1986. Status re-examined and confirmed
in April 1997.
Sharp-tailed Snake
Designated Endangered in April 1999. Status re-examined and confirmed in
October 1999. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Shorthead Sculpin
Designated Threatened in April 1984. Status re-examined and confirmed
Threatened in May 2001. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Showy Goldenrod
Designated Endangered in April 1999. Status re-examined and confirmed in May
2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.

Shumard Oak
Designated Special Concern in April 1984. Status re-examined and confirmed in
April 1999.
Silver Chub
Designated Special Concern in April 1985. Status re-examined and confirmed in
May 2001. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Silver Shiner
Designated Special Concern in April 1983. Status re-examined and confirmed in
April 1987.
Skinner's Agalinis
Designated Endangered in April 1988. Status re-examined and confirmed
Endangered in April 1999 and in May 2000. Last assessment based on an
existing status report.
Slender Bush-clover
Designated Endangered in April 1986. Status re-examined and confirmed
Endangered in April 1999 and in May 2000. Last assessment based on an
existing status report.
Slender Mouse-ear-cress
Designated Endangered in April 1992. Status re-examined and downlisted to
Threatened in May 2000. Last assessment based on an update status report
with an addendum.
Small White Lady's-slipper
Designated Endangered in April 1981. Status re-examined and confirmed in April
1999 and in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Small Whorled Pogonia
Designated Endangered in April 1982. Status re-examined and confirmed in April
1998 and in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Small-flowered Lipocarpha
Designated Threatened in April 1992. Status re-examined and uplisted to Endangered
in November 2002. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Small-flowered Sand-verbena
Designated Threatened in April 1992. Re-examined and uplisted to
Endangered in November 2002. Last assessment based on an update status
report.
Soapweed
Designated Special Concern in April 1985. Status re-examined and uplisted to
Threatened in May 2000. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Southern Maidenhair Fern
Designated Endangered in April 1984. Status re-examined and confirmed in April
1998 and in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.

Speckled Dace
Designated Special Concern in April 1980. Status re-examined and uplisted
to Endangered in November 2002. Last assessment based on an update
status report.
Spotted Gar
Designated Special Concern in April 1983. Status re-examined and confirmed
Special Concern in April 1994. Status re-examined and uplisted to Threatened in
November 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Spotted Sucker
Designated Special Concern in April 1983. Status re-examined and confirmed in
April 1994 and in November 2001. Last assessment based on an existing status
report with an addendum.
Spotted Wintergreen
Designated Endangered in April 1987. Status re-examined and confirmed
Endangered in April 1998 and in May 2000. Last assessment based on an
existing status report.
Sprague's Pipit
Designated Threatened in April 1999. Status re-examined and confirmed in May
2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Spring Blue-eyed Mary
No site records since 1954. Designated Extirpated in April 1987. Extirpated
status confirmed in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status
report.
Spring Salamander
Designated Special Concern in April 1999. Status re-examined and confirmed in
May 2002. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Sweet Pepperbush
Designated Threatened in April 1986. Status re-examined and confirmed in April
1998. Status re-examined and downlisted to Special Concern in May 2001. Last
assessment based on an existing status report that was modified.
Swift Fox
Last seen in Saskatchewan in 1928. Designated Extirpated in April 1978. Status
re-examined and downlisted to Endangered in April 1998 after successful
re-introductions. Status re-examined and confirmed Endangered in May 2000.
Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Thread-leaved Sundew
Designated Endangered in April 1991. Status re-examined and confirmed in May
2001. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Tiny Cryptanthe
Designated Endangered in April 1998. Status re-examined and confirmed in May
2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Toothcup
Designated Endangered in April 1999. Status re-examined and confirmed in May
2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.

Trumpeter Swan
Designated Special Concern in April 1978. Status re-examined and de-listed (Not
at Risk) in April 1996.
Tuberous Indian-plantain
Designated Special Concern in April 1988. Status re-examined and confirmed in
April 1999 and in May 2002. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Tyrrell's Willow
Designated Threatened in April 1981. Status re-examined and de-listed (Not at
Risk) in April 1999.
Van Brunt's Jacob's-ladder
Designated Threatened in April 1994. Status re-examined and confirmed in November 2002.
Last assessment based on an update status report.
Vancouver Island Marmot
Designated Endangered in April 1978. Status re-examined and confirmed
Endangered in April 1997 and in May 2000. Last assessment based on an
existing status report with an addendum.
Virginia Goat's-rue
Designated Threatened in April 1996. Status re-examined and uplisted to
Endangered in May 2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report
with an addendum.
Warmouth
Designated Special Concern in April 1994. Status re-examined and confirmed in
November 2001. Last assessment based on an existing status report with an
addendum.
Water-pennywort
Designated Endangered in April 1985. Status re-examined and downlisted to
Threatened in April 1999. Status re-examined and confirmed Threatened in May
2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Water-plantain Buttercup
Designated Endangered in April 1996. Status re-examined and confirmed in May
2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Wavy-rayed Lampmussel
Designated Endangered in April 1999. Status re-examined and confirmed in
October 1999. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Western Blue-flag
Designated Threatened in April 1990. Status re-examined and confirmed in May
2000. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Western Prairie Fringed Orchid
Designated Endangered in April 1993. Status re-examined and confirmed in May
2000. Last assessment based on an update status report.

Western Screech-Owl
Entire western range was placed in the Data Deficient category in April 1995. In
May 2002, the species was re-examined and split into two groups according to
subspecies. The kennicottii subspecies was designated Special Concern and the
macfarlanei subspecies was designated Threatened in May 2002. The original
listing was de-activated. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Western Silvery Aster
Designated Special Concern in 1988. Status re-examined and uplisted to
Threatened in May 2000. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Western Silvery Minnow
Designated Special Concern in April 1997. Status re-examined and uplisted to
Threatened in November 2001. Last assessment based on an existing status
report with an addendum.
Western Spiderwort
Designated Threatened in April 1992. Status re-examined and confirmed in
November 2002. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Western Yellow-breasted Chat (British Columbia population)
The British Columbia population of the auricollis subspecies was designated
Threatened in April 1994. Status re-examined and uplisted to Endangered in
November 2000. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Western Yellow-breasted Chat (Prairie population)
The Prairie population of the auricollis subspecies was designated Not at Risk in
April 1994. Status re-examined and confirmed in November 2000. Last
assessment based on an update status report.
White Prairie Gentian
Designated Endangered in April 1991. Status re-examined and confirmed in May
2001. Last assessment based on an update status report.
White Wood Aster
Designated Threatened in April 1995. Status re-examined and confirmed in
November 2002. Last assessment based on an update status report.
White-headed Woodpecker
Designated Threatened in April 1992. Status re-examined and uplisted to
Endangered in November 2000. Last assessment based on an update status report.
White-top Aster
Designated Threatened in April 1996. Status re-examined and confirmed in May
2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report with an addendum.
Whooping Crane
Designated Endangered in April 1978. Status re-examined and confirmed in
November 2000. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Wild Hyacinth
Designated Special Concern in April 1990. Re-examined and uplisted to
Threatened in May 2002. Last assessment based on an update status report.

Canadian range considered as one population in April 1982 and designated
Special Concern. Split into two populations in April 1989 (Western and Eastern
populations). Original listing was de-activated.

Wood Bison
Designated Endangered in April 1978. Status re-examined and downlisted to
Threatened in April 1988. Status re-examined and confirmed Threatened in May
2000. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Woodland Caribou (Atlantic-Gaspésie population)
Atlantic-Gaspésie population designated as Threatened in April 1984. Status
re-examined and uplisted to Endangered in May 2000. Status re-examined and
confirmed in May 2002. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Woodland Caribou (Boreal population)
Boreal population designated Threatened in May 2000. This newly defined
population is comprised of a portion of the de-activated "Western population" and
all of the de-activated "Labrador-Ungava population." Status re-examined and
confirmed in May 2002. Last assessment based on an update status report.
Woodland Caribou (Labrador-Ungava population)
Labrador-Ungava population designated Not at Risk in April 1984.
Labrador-Ungava population de-activated in May 2000. Former Labrador-Ungava
population is contained within the Boreal population.
Woodland Caribou (Newfoundland population)
Newfoundland population designated Not at Risk in April 1984. Status
re-examined and confirmed in May 2000 and in May 2002. Last assessment
based on an update status report.
Woodland Caribou (Northern Mountain population)
Northern Mountain population designated Not at Risk in May 2000. This population
was formerly designated as part of the "Western population" (now de-activated).
Status re-examined and uplisted to Special Concern in May 2002. Last assessment
based on an update status report.
Woodland Caribou (Southern Mountain population)
Southern Mountain population designated Threatened in May 2000. This
population was formerly designated as part of the "Western population" (now
de-activated). Status re-examined and confirmed in May 2002. Last assessment
based on an update status report.
Woodland Caribou (Western population)
Western population designated Special Concern in April 1984. Western
population de-activated in May 2000. Former Western population is contained
within the following newly designated populations: Northern Mountain, Southern
Mountain and Boreal.
Woodland Vole
Designated Special Concern in April 1998.Status re-examined and confirmed in
November 2001. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Wood-poppy
Designated Endangered in April 1993. Status re-examined and confirmed in May
2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report with an addendum.
Yellow Montane Violet
Designated Threatened in April 1995. Status re-examined and confirmed in May
2000. Last assessment based on an existing status report.
Yellow Rail
Designated Special Concern in April 1999. Status re-examined and confirmed in
November 2001. Last assessment based on an existing status report.

Cross-reference of common and scientific names (including population names, where applicable) for COSEWIC-listed species. Most of the names in the list have been used by COSEWIC in the past but are no longer in use. Some common synonyms are also included.

The lists that follow are organized by status category and then by taxonomic group. An explanation of the symbols and abbreviations is provided below. For each species, the information provided includes the common name, scientific name, population name, and range of occurrence in Canada(by province/territory/ocean). The most recent date of examination by COSEWIC is shown, and symbols provide information on the outcome of status re-examinations (e.g., uplisting, downlisting) and the basis of re-examination for species evaluated against the new quantitative criteria. For birds, range of occurrence includes the Canadian breeding and wintering distribution.

The first COSEWIC "Endangered Species List" was issued in 1978. In 1990, it was decided that all species considered by COSEWIC should be listed even if the species were "not at risk" or "data deficient." Therefore, this document is divided into three separate lists. List 1 includes Species designated as Extinct, Extirpated, Endangered, Threatened or Special Concern.

List 2 includes species examined and designated in the Not at Risk category. List 3 includes species examined and designated in the Data Deficient category because of insufficient scientific information. All three lists include the geographical occurrence and most recent date of examination.

Explanation of symbols

Re-assessments and new species

3 Species placed in a higher risk category (uplisted) after re-examination on the date shown.
4 Species placed in a lower risk category (downlisted) after re-examination on the date shown.
<> Species stays in the same risk category (no change) after re-examination on the date shown.
6 Species moved to the Not at Risk category from a risk category (de-listed) on the date shown.
0 Species moved to the Data Deficient Category from a risk category, or to a risk category from the Data Deficient Category (changed), on the date shown.
(no arrow) New species examined on the date shown.

COSEWIC has recently begun using quantitative criteria to assess species' risk of extinction. These criteria were adapted from the criteria used by the World Conservation Union (IUCN) and have been used by COSEWIC since May 2002.

1 or 1+ Assessment based on a new status report or an update status report. A plus sign (+) indicates the report has an addendum.
2 or 2+ Species re-assessed using an existing status report. A plus sign (+) indicates the report has an addendum or that the report has been modified slightly.

Geographical occurrence abbreviations

AB Alberta
NS Nova Scotia
QC Québec
BC British Columbia
NT Northwest Territories
SK Saskatchewan
MB Manitoba
NU Nunavut
YT Yukon Territory
NB New Brunswick
ON Ontario
NL Newfoundland and Labrador
PE Prince Edward Island

List 1. Species designated in the five "risk" categories, with range of occurrence (by province/territory/ocean) and year of designation. For extinct and extirpated species, the historical range of occurrence and the approximate date of disappearance are shown.

EXTIRPATED CATEGORY (21)