Hot mix asphalt plants
Download the hot mix asphalt calculator to help you estimate releases of National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI) substances.
Hot mix asphalt (HMA) plants can release substances from Part 1, 4 and 5. (Part 2 substances – PAHs – are also released from asphalt plants but these releases need not be reported as they are considered to be intentional.)
The calculator focusses on releases to air and uses default emission factors. It can be adapted to use site-specific emission factors. If you want to use a site-specific emission factor, enter it in the emission factor column, but be sure to convert the units correctly.
The spreadsheet calculators use emission factors based on uncontrolled emission sources. If you use an emission control device and the default emission factor is uncontrolled, use this formula to adjust the spreadsheet calculation:
Controlled emissions = uncontrolled emission x ((100 - control efficiency)/100)
Since NPRI reporting thresholds are for the facility as a whole, you may need to combine the air releases you calculate with releases from other sources at your facility.
The following sections explain how the spreadsheet calculator works.
Suggested estimation methodology: emission factor
The general equation for estimation using an emissions factor is:
E = A x EF
where:
- E = emissions
- A = activity rate
- EF = emission factor
Part 1 substance releases
Process: batch mix plants with fabric filter
Emissions can be calculated using published emission factors.
Input: A = Total hot-mix asphalt produced (tonnes/year)
Emission factors for batch mix plants with fabric filter
| Substance | Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number (CAS RN)Footnote 1 | Part | Emission factor (EF)Footnote 2 | EF units |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acetaldehyde | 75-07-0 | 1A | 1.600E-04 | kilograms (kg)/tonne |
| Benzene | 71-43-2 | 1A | 1.400E-04 | kg/tonne |
| Ethylbenzene | 100-41-4 | 1A | 1.100E-03 | kg/tonne |
| Formaldehyde | 50-00-0 | 1A | 3.700E-04 | kg/tonne |
| Isobutyraldehyde | 78-84-2 | 1A | 1.500E-05 | kg/tonne |
| Toluene | 108-88-3 | 1A | 5.000E-04 | kg/tonne |
| Naphthalene | 91-20-3 | 1A | 1.800E-05 | kg/tonne |
| Xylene | 1330-20-7 | 1A | 1.350E-03 | kg/tonne |
| Chromium | Footnote * | 1A | 2.850E-07 | kg/tonne |
| Copper | Footnote * | 1A | 1.400E-06 | kg/tonne |
| Manganese | Footnote * | 1A | 3.450E-06 | kg/tonne |
| Nickel | Footnote * | 1A | 1.500E-06 | kg/tonne |
| Zinc | Footnote * | 1A | 3.400E-06 | kg/tonne |
| Arsenic | Footnote * | 1B | 2.300E-07 | kg/tonne |
| Cadmium | Footnote * | 1B | 3.050E-07 | kg/tonne |
| Hexavalent chromium | Footnote * | 1B | 2.400E-08 | kg/tonne |
| Lead (NG, #2 oil) | Footnote * | 1B | 4.450E-07 | kg/tonne |
| Mercury | Footnote * | 1B | 2.050E-07 | kg/tonne |
| Selenium | Footnote * | 1B | 2.450E-07 | kg/tonne |
| Lead (#6 oil) | Footnote * | 1B | 5.000E-06 | kg/tonne |
Process: drum mix plants with natural gas-fired dryer with fabric filter
Emissions can be calculated using published emission factors.
Input: A = Total hot-mix asphalt produced (tonnes/year)
Emission factors for drum mix plants with natural gas-fired dryer with fabric filter
| Substance name | CAS RNFootnote 1 | Part | Emission factorFootnote 2 | EF units |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antimony | Footnote * | 1A | 9.000E-08 | kg/tonne |
| Benzene | 71-43-2 | 1A | 1.950E-04 | kg/tonne |
| Ethylbenzene | 100-41-4 | 1A | 1.200E-04 | kg/tonne |
| Formaldehyde | 50-00-0 | 1A | 1.550E-03 | kg/tonne |
| n-Hexane | 110-54-3 | 1A | 4.600E-04 | kg/tonne |
| Toluene | 108-88-3 | 1A | 7.500E-05 | kg/tonne |
| Naphthalene | 91-20-3 | 1A | 4.500E-05 | kg/tonne |
| Xylene | 1330-20-7 | 1A | 1.000E-04 | kg/tonne |
| Chromium | Footnote * | 1A | 2.750E-06 | kg/tonne |
| Copper | Footnote * | 1A | 1.550E-06 | kg/tonne |
| Manganese | Footnote * | 1A | 3.850E-06 | kg/tonne |
| Nickel | Footnote * | 1A | 3.150E-05 | kg/tonne |
| Silver | Footnote * | 1A | 2.400E-07 | kg/tonne |
| Phosphorus | Footnote * | 1A | 1.400E-05 | kg/tonne |
| Zinc | Footnote * | 1A | 3.050E-05 | kg/tonne |
| Ethylene | 74-85-1 | 1A | 3.500E-03 | kg/tonne |
| Arsenic | Footnote * | 1B | 2.800E-07 | kg/tonne |
| Cadmium | Footnote * | 1B | 2.050E-07 | kg/tonne |
| Cobalt | Footnote * | 1B | 1.300E-08 | kg/tonne |
| Hexavalent chromium | Footnote * | 1B | 2.250E-07 | kg/tonne |
| Lead | Footnote * | 1B | 3.100E-07 | kg/tonne |
| Mercury | Footnote * | 1B | 1.200E-07 | kg/tonne |
| Selenium | Footnote * | 1B | 1.750E-07 | kg/tonne |
Process: drum mix plants with no. 2 fuel oil-fired dryer - fabric filter
Emissions can be calculated using published emission factors.
Input: A = Total hot-mix asphalt produced (tonnes/year)
Emission factors for drum mix plants with no. 2 fuel oil-fired dryer - fabric filter
| Substance name | CAS RNFootnote 1 | Part | Emission factorFootnote 2 | EF units |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antimony | Footnote * | 1A | 9.000E-08 | kg/tonne |
| Benzene | 71-43-2 | 1A | 1.950E-04 | kg/tonne |
| Ethylbenzene | 100-41-4 | 1A | 1.200E-04 | kg/tonne |
| Formaldehyde | 50-00-0 | 1A | 1.550E-03 | kg/tonne |
| n-Hexane | 110-54-3 | 1A | 4.600E-04 | kg/tonne |
| Toluene | 108-88-3 | 1A | 1.450E-03 | kg/tonne |
| Naphthalene | 91-20-3 | 1A | 3.250E-04 | kg/tonne |
| Ethylene | 74-85-1 | 1A | 3.500E-03 | kg/tonne |
| Xylene | 1330-20-7 | 1A | 1.000E-04 | kg/tonne |
| Chromium | Footnote * | 1A | 2.750E-06 | kg/tonne |
| Copper | Footnote * | 1A | 1.550E-06 | kg/tonne |
| Manganese | Footnote * | 1A | 3.850E-06 | kg/tonne |
| Nickel | Footnote * | 1A | 3.150E-05 | kg/tonne |
| Phosphorus | Footnote * | 1A | 1.400E-05 | kg/tonne |
| Zinc | Footnote * | 1A | 3.050E-05 | kg/tonne |
| Silver | Footnote * | 1A | 2.400E-07 | kg/tonne |
| Arsenic | Footnote * | 1B | 2.800E-07 | kg/tonne |
| Cadmium | Footnote * | 1B | 2.050E-07 | kg/tonne |
| Cobalt | Footnote * | 1B | 1.300E-08 | kg/tonne |
| Hexavalent chromium | Footnote * | 1B | 2.250E-07 | kg/tonne |
| Lead | Footnote * | 1B | 7.500E-06 | kg/tonne |
| Mercury | Footnote * | 1B | 1.300E-07 | kg/tonne |
| Selenium | Footnote * | 1B | 1.750E-07 | kg/tonne |
| Thallium | Footnote * | 1B | 2.050E-09 | kg/tonne |
Process: drum mix plants with waste/no. 6 fuel oil-fired dryer - fabric filter
Emissions can be calculated using published emission factors.
Input: A = Total hot-mix asphalt produced (tonnes/year)
Emission factors for drum mix plants w/waste/no. 6 fuel oil-fired dryer - fabric filter
| Substance name | CAS RNFootnote 1 | Part | Emission factorFootnote 2 | EF units |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acetaldehyde | 75-07-0 | 1A | 6.500E-04 | kg/tonne |
| Acrolein | 107-02-8 | 1A | 1.300E-05 | kg/tonne |
| Antimony | Footnote * | 1A | 9.000E-08 | kg/tonne |
| Benzene | 71-43-2 | 1A | 1.950E-04 | kg/tonne |
| Butyraldehyde | 123-72-8 | 1A | 8.000E-05 | kg/tonne |
| Ethylbenzene | 100-41-4 | 1A | 1.200E-04 | kg/tonne |
| Formaldehyde | 50-00-0 | 1A | 1.550E-03 | kg/tonne |
| n-Hexane | 110-54-3 | 1A | 4.600E-04 | kg/tonne |
| Hydrochloric acid | 7647-01-0 | 1A | 1.050E-04 | kg/tonne |
| Methyl ethyl ketone | 78-93-3 | 1A | 1.000E-05 | kg/tonne |
| Propionaldehyde | 123-38-6 | 1A | 6.500E-05 | kg/tonne |
| Toluene | 108-88-3 | 1A | 1.450E-03 | kg/tonne |
| Naphthalene | 91-20-3 | 1A | 3.250E-04 | kg/tonne |
| Xylene | 1330-20-7 | 1A | 1.000E-04 | kg/tonne |
| Chromium | Footnote * | 1A | 2.750E-06 | kg/tonne |
| Copper | Footnote * | 1A | 1.550E-06 | kg/tonne |
| Manganese | Footnote * | 1A | 3.850E-06 | kg/tonne |
| Nickel | Footnote * | 1A | 3.150E-05 | kg/tonne |
| Phosphorus | Footnote * | 1A | 1.400E-05 | kg/tonne |
| Zinc | Footnote * | 1A | 3.050E-05 | kg/tonne |
| Ethylene | 74-85-1 | 1A | 3.500E-03 | kg/tonne |
| Silver | Footnote * | 1A | 2.400E-07 | kg/tonne |
| Arsenic | Footnote * | 1B | 2.800E-07 | kg/tonne |
| Cadmium | Footnote * | 1B | 2.050E-07 | kg/tonne |
| Cobalt | Footnote * | 1B | 1.300E-08 | kg/tonne |
| Hexavalent chromium | Footnote * | 1B | 2.250E-07 | kg/tonne |
| Lead | Footnote * | 1B | 7.500E-06 | kg/tonne |
| Mercury | Footnote * | 1B | 1.300E-07 | kg/tonne |
| Selenium | Footnote * | 1B | 1.750E-07 | kg/tonne |
| Thallium | Footnote * | 1B | 2.050E-09 | kg/tonne |
Process: asphalt heater - natural gas boilers <10 million British thermal units per hour (MMBTU/hr)
Emissions can be calculated using published emission factors.
Input: A = Amount of natural gas fuel used in the asphalt cement storage heater (cubic meters (m3)/year)
Emission factors for asphalt heater - natural gas boilers <10 MMBTU/hr
| Substance name | CAS RNFootnote 1 | Part | Emission factorFootnote 2 | EF units |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Benzene | 71-43-2 | 1A | 3.364E-02 | kg/10^6m^3 |
| Chromium | Footnote * | 1A | 2.243E-02 | kg/10^6m^3 |
| Copper | Footnote * | 1A | 1.362E-02 | kg/10^6m^3 |
| Formaldehyde | 50-00-0 | 1A | 1.201E+00 | kg/10^6m^3 |
| n-Hexane | 110-54-3 | 1A | 2.883E+01 | kg/10^6m^3 |
| Manganese | Footnote * | 1A | 6.087E-03 | kg/10^6m^3 |
| Naphthalene | 91-20-3 | 1A | 9.771E-03 | kg/10^6m^3 |
| Nickel | Footnote * | 1A | 3.364E-02 | kg/10^6m^3 |
| Toluene | 108-88-3 | 1A | 5.446E-02 | kg/10^6m^3 |
| Zinc | Footnote * | 1A | 4.645E-01 | kg/10^6m^3 |
| Arsenic | Footnote * | 1B | 0.003 | kg/10^6m^3 |
| Cadmium | Footnote * | 1B | 0.018 | kg/10^6m^3 |
| Cobalt | Footnote * | 1B | 1.346E-03 | kg/10^6m^3 |
| Lead | Footnote * | 1B | 0.008 | kg/10^6m^3 |
| Mercury | Footnote * | 1B | 0.004 | kg/10^6m^3 |
Process: asphalt heater - waste oil
Emissions can be calculated using published emission factors.
Inputs:
A = Amount of waste oil used in the asphalt cement storage heater (litres/year)
% Pb = Lead (Pb) content in waste/No. 6 fuel oil (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) default = 0% Pb)
% Cl = Chlorine (Cl) content in fuel (USEPA default = 0% Cl)
| Substance name | CAS RNFootnote 1 | Part | Emission factorFootnote 2 | EF units |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chromium | Footnote * | 1A | 2.397E-03 | kg/1000 litres (L) |
| Manganese | Footnote * | 1A | 8.148E-03 | kg/1000L |
| Nickel | Footnote * | 1A | 1.318E-03 | kg/1000L |
| Hydrochloric Acid | 7647-01-0 | 1A | 7.91 x %Cl | kg/1000L |
| Arsenic | Footnote * | 1B | 1.318E-02 | kg/1000L |
| Cadmium | Footnote * | 1B | 1.114E-03 | kg/1000L |
| Cobalt | Footnote * | 1B | 2.516E-05 | kg/1000L |
| Lead | Footnote * | 1B | 6.59 x %Pb | kg/1000L |
Process: load-out and yard emissions
The emission factors are a function of asphalt volatility and mix temperature. To calculate the emission factors, use the formula (where EFTOC represents 'emission factor for total organic carbon':
EFTOC = 0.00172(-V) e((0.0251)(T+460)-20.43) (kg/tonne)
Inputs:
A= Total hot-mix asphalt produced (tonnes/year)
V = Asphalt volatility (USEPA default = -0.5)
T = HMA mix temperature (USEPA default = 325 F)
| Substance name | CAS RNFootnote 1 | Weight %Footnote ** | Emission factorFootnote 2 | EF units |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethylene | 74-85-1 | 0.71 | = EFTOC x Wt% (percentage by mass)/100 | kg/tonne |
| Benzene | 71-43-2 | 0.052 | = EFTOC x Wt%/100 | kg/tonne |
| Bromomethane | 74-83-9 | 0.0096 | = EFTOC x Wt%/100 | kg/tonne |
| Carbon disulfide | 75-15-0 | 0.013 | = EFTOC x Wt%/100 | kg/tonne |
| Chloroethane | 75-00-3 | 0.00021 | = EFTOC x Wt%/100 | kg/tonne |
| Chloromethane | 74-87-3 | 0.015 | = EFTOC x Wt%/100 | kg/tonne |
| Cumene | 92-82-8 | 0.11 | = EFTOC x Wt%/100 | kg/tonne |
| Ethylbenzenene | 100-41-4 | 0.28 | = EFTOC x Wt%/100 | kg/tonne |
| Formaldehyde | 50-00-0 | 0.088 | = EFTOC x Wt%/100 | kg/tonne |
| n-Hexane | 110-54-3 | 0.15 | = EFTOC x Wt%/100 | kg/tonne |
| Styrene | 100-42-5 | 0.0073 | = EFTOC x Wt%/100 | kg/tonne |
| Tetrachloroethylene | 127-18-4 | 0.0077 | = EFTOC x Wt%/100 | kg/tonne |
| Toluene | 108-88-3 | 0.21 | = EFTOC x Wt%/100 | kg/tonne |
| Xylene | 1330-20-7 | 0.49 | = EFTOC x Wt%/100 | kg/tonne |
| Naphthalene | 91-20-3 | 1.25 | = EFTOC x Wt%/100 | kg/tonne |
| Phenol | 108-95-2 | 1.18 | = EFTOC x Wt%/100 | kg/tonne |
Process: silo filling and asphalt storage tank emissions
The emission factors are a function of asphalt volatility and mix temperature. To calculate the emission factor, use the formula (where EFTOC represents 'emission factor for total organic carbon':
EFTOC = 0.5* 0.0504(-V)e((0.0251)(T+460)-20.43) (kg/tonne)
Inputs:
A = Total hot-mix asphalt produced (tonnes/year)
V = Asphalt volatility (USEPA default = -0.5)
T = HMA mix temperature (USEPA default = 325 F)
| Substance name | CAS RNFootnote 1 | Weight %Footnote ** | Emission factorFootnote 2 | EF units |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethylene | 74-85-1 | 1.1 | =EFTOC*Wt%/100 | kg/tonne |
| Benzene | 71-43-2 | 0.032 | =EFTOC*Wt%/100 | kg/tonne |
| Bromomethane | 74-83-9 | 0.0049 | =EFTOC*Wt%/100 | kg/tonne |
| Carbon disulfide | 75-15-0 | 0.016 | =EFTOC*Wt%/100 | kg/tonne |
| Chloroethane | 75-00-3 | 0.004 | =EFTOC*Wt%/100 | kg/tonne |
| Chloromethane | 74-87-3 | 0.023 | =EFTOC*Wt%/100 | kg/tonne |
| Ethylbenzene | 100-41-4 | 0.038 | =EFTOC*Wt%/100 | kg/tonne |
| Formaldehyde | 50-00-0 | 0.69 | =EFTOC*Wt%/100 | kg/tonne |
| n-Hexane | 110-54-3 | 0.1 | =EFTOC*Wt%/100 | kg/tonne |
| Styrene | 100-42-5 | 0.0054 | =EFTOC*Wt%/100 | kg/tonne |
| Toluene | 108-88-3 | 0.062 | =EFTOC*Wt%/100 | kg/tonne |
| Xylene | 1330-20-7 | 0.257 | =EFTOC*Wt%/100 | kg/tonne |
| Naphthalene | 91-20-3 | 1.82 | =EFTOC*Wt%/100 | kg/tonne |
Part 4 substance releases
Process: batch mix - natural gas fired dryer, hot screens and mixer, uncontrolled
Emissions can be calculated using published emission factors.
Inputs: A = Total hot-mix asphalt produced (tonnes/year)
| Substance name | CAS RNFootnote 1 | Emission factorFootnote 2 | EF units |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon monoxide (CO) | 630-08-0 | 2.000E-01 | kg/tonne |
| Sulphur dioxide (SO2) | 7446-09-5 | 2.300E-03 | kg/tonne |
| Oxides of nitrogen (NOx), expressed as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) | 11104-93-1 | 1.250E-02 | kg/tonne |
| Volatile organic compounds (total) (VOCs) | Footnote * | 4.100E-03 | kg/tonne |
| Total particulate matter (TPM) | Footnote * | 1.600E+01 | kg/tonne |
| Particulate matter less than or equal to 10 µm (PM10) | Footnote * | 2.250E+00 | kg/tonne |
| Particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 µm (PM2.5) | Footnote * | 1.350E-01 | kg/tonne |
Process: batch mix - no. 2 fuel oil-fired dryer, hot screens and mixer, uncontrolled
Emissions can be calculated using published emission factors.
Inputs: A = Total hot-mix asphalt produced (tonnes/year)
| Substance name | CAS RNFootnote 1 | Emission factorFootnote 2 | EF units |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon monoxide (CO) | 630-08-0 | 2.000E-01 | kg/tonne |
| Sulphur dioxide (SO2) | 7446-09-5 | 4.400E-02 | kg/tonne |
| Oxides of nitrogen, expressed as NO2 (NOx) | 11104-93-1 | 6.000E-02 | kg/tonne |
| Volatile organic compounds (total) (VOCs) | Footnote * | 4.100E-03 | kg/tonne |
| Total particulate matter (TPM) | Footnote * | 1.600E+01 | kg/tonne |
| Particulate matter less than or equal to 10 µm (PM10) | Footnote * | 2.250E+00 | kg/tonne |
| Particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 µm (PM2.5) | Footnote * | 1.350E-01 | kg/tonne |
Process: batch mix - waste/drain/no. 6 fuel oil-fired dryer, hot screens and mixer, uncontrolled
Emissions can be calculated using published emission factors.
Inputs: A = Total hot-mix asphalt produced (tonnes/year)
| Substance name | CAS RNFootnote 1 | Emission factorFootnote 2 | EF units |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon monoxide (CO) | 630-08-0 | 2.000E-01 | kg/tonne |
| Sulphur dioxide (SO2) | 7446-09-5 | 4.400E-02 | kg/tonne |
| Oxides of nitrogen, expressed as NO2 (NOx) | 11104-93-1 | 6.000E-02 | kg/tonne |
| Volatile organic compounds (total) (VOCs) | Footnote * | 1.800E-02 | kg/tonne |
| Total particulate matter (TPM) | Footnote * | 1.600E+01 | kg/tonne |
| Particulate matter less than or equal to 10 µm (PM10) | Footnote * | 2.250E+00 | kg/tonne |
| Particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 µm (PM2.5) | Footnote * | 1.350E-01 | kg/tonne |
Process: drum mix - natural gas-fired rotary dryer/mixer, uncontrolled
Emissions can be calculated using published emission factors.
Inputs: A = Total hot-mix asphalt produced (tonnes/year)
| Substance name | CAS RNFootnote 1 | Emission factorFootnote 2 | EF units |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon monoxide (CO) | 630-08-0 | 6.500E-02 | kg/tonne |
| Sulphur dioxide (SO2) | 7446-09-5 | 1.700E-03 | kg/tonne |
| Oxides of nitrogen, expressed as NO2 (NOx) | 11104-93-1 | 1.300E-02 | kg/tonne |
| Volatile organic compounds (total) (VOCs) | Footnote * | 1.600E-02 | kg/tonne |
| Total particulate matter (TPM) | Footnote * | 1.400E+01 | kg/tonne |
| Particulate matter less than or equal to 10 µm (PM10) | Footnote * | 3.200E+00 | kg/tonne |
| Particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 µm (PM2.5) | Footnote * | 7.500E-01 | kg/tonne |
Process: drum mix - no. 2 oil-fired rotary dryer/mixer, uncontrolled
Emissions can be calculated using published emission factors.
Inputs: A = Total hot-mix asphalt produced (tonnes/year)
| Substance name | CAS RNFootnote 1 | Emission factorFootnote 2 | EF units |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon monoxide (CO) | 630-08-0 | 6.500E-02 | kg/tonne |
| Sulphur dioxide (SO2) | 7446-09-5 | 5.500E-03 | kg/tonne |
| Oxides of nitrogen, expressed as NO2 (NOx) | 11104-93-1 | 2.750E-02 | kg/tonne |
| Volatile organic compounds (total) (VOCs) | Footnote * | 1.600E-02 | kg/tonne |
| Total particulate matter (TPM) | Footnote * | 1.400E+01 | kg/tonne |
| Particulate matter less than or equal to 10 µm (PM10) | Footnote * | 3.200E+00 | kg/tonne |
| Particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 µm (PM2.5) | Footnote * | 7.500E-01 | kg/tonne |
Process: drum mix - waste/drain/no.6 oil-fired rotary dryer/mixer, uncontrolled
Emissions can be calculated using published emission factors.
Inputs: A = Total hot-mix asphalt produced (tonnes/year)
| Substance name | CAS RNFootnote 1 | Emission factorFootnote 2 | EF units |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon monoxide (CO) | 630-08-0 | 6.500E-02 | kg/tonne |
| Sulphur dioxide (SO2) | 7446-09-5 | 2.900E-02 | kg/tonne |
| Oxides of nitrogen, expressed as NO2 (NOx) | 11104-93-1 | 2.750E-02 | kg/tonne |
| Volatile organic compounds (total) (VOCs) | Footnote * | 1.600E-02 | kg/tonne |
| Total particulate matter (TPM) | Footnote * | 1.400E+01 | kg/tonne |
| Particulate matter less than or equal to 10 µm (PM10) | Footnote * | 3.200E+00 | kg/tonne |
| Particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 µm (PM2.5) | Footnote * | 7.500E-01 | kg/tonne |
Process: asphalt heater - natural gas
Emissions can be calculated using published emission factors.
Inputs: A = Amount of natural gas fuel used in the asphalt cement storage heater (m3/year)
| Substance name | CAS RNFootnote 1 | Emission factorFootnote 2 | EF units |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon monoxide (CO) | 630-08-0 | 1345.551 | kg/10^6m^3 |
| Sulphur dioxide (SO2) | 7446-09-5 | 9.611 | kg/10^6m^3 |
| Oxides of nitrogen, expressed as NO2 (NOx) | 11104-93-1 | 1601.846 | kg/10^6m^3 |
| Volatile organic compounds (total) (VOCs) | Footnote * | 88.102 | kg/10^6m^3 |
| Total particulate matter (TPM) | Footnote * | 30.435 | kg/10^6m^3 |
| Particulate matter less than or equal to 10 µm (PM10) | Footnote * | 30.435 | kg/10^6m^3 |
| Particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 µm (PM2.5) | Footnote * | 30.435 | kg/10^6m^3 |
Process: asphalt heater - waste oil
Emissions can be calculated using published emission factors.
Inputs: A = Amount of waste oil used in the asphalt cement storage heater (litres/year)
| Substance name | CAS RNFootnote 1 | Emission factorFootnote 2 | EF units |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon monoxide (CO) | 630-08-0 | 5.991E-01 | kg/1000L |
| Sulphur dioxide (SO2) | 7446-09-5 | 4.509E+00 | kg/1000L |
| Oxides of nitrogen, expressed as NO2 (NOx) | 11104-93-1 | 2.277E+00 | kg/1000L |
| Total particulate matter (TPM) | Footnote * | 2.784E+00 | kg/1000L |
| Particulate matter less than or equal to 10 µm (PM10) | Footnote * | 2.218E+00 | kg/1000L |
| Particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 µm (PM2.5) | Footnote * | 1.253E+00 | kg/1000L |
Other emission sources: speciation profile for load-out and yard emissions
The emission factors are a function of asphalt volatility and mix temperature. They are calculated with these formulae (where EFTOC represents 'emission factor for total organic carbon', EFCO represents 'emission factor for carbon monoxide':
EFCO = 0.5* 0.00558(-V)e((0.0251)(T+460)-20.43) (kg/tonne)
EFTOC = 0.00172(-V) e((0.0251)(T+460)-20.43) (kg/tonne)
Inputs:
V = Asphalt volatility (USEPA default = -0.5)
T = HMA mix temperature (USEPA default = 325 F)
A = Total hot-mix asphalt produced (tonnes/year)
| Substance name | CAS RNFootnote 1 | Weight %Footnote ** | Emission factorFootnote 2 | EF units |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon monoxide (CO) | 630-08-0 | NA | = EFCO | kg/tonne |
| Volatile organic compounds (total) (VOCs) | Footnote * | 94 | =EFTOC x Wt%VOC/100 | kg/tonne |
Other emission sources: speciation profile for silo filling and asphalt storage tank emissions
The emission factors are a function of asphalt volatility and mix temperature. They are calculated with these formulae (where EFTOC represents 'emission factor for total organic carbon', EFCO represents 'emission factor for carbon monoxide’:
EFCO = 0.5* 0.00488(-V)e((0.0251)(T+460)-20.43)) (kg/tonne)
EFTOC = 0.5* 0.0504(-V)e((0.0251)(T+460)-20.43) (kg/tonne)
Inputs:
V = Asphalt volatility (USEPA default = -0.5)
T = HMA mix temperature (USEPA default = 325 F)
A = Hot-mix asphalt produced (tonnes/year)
| Substance name | CAS RNFootnote 1 | Weight %Footnote ** | Emission factorFootnote 2 | EF units |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon monoxide (CO) | 630-08-0 | NA | = EFCO | kg/tonne |
| Volatile organic compounds (total)(VOCs) | Footnote* | 100 | =EFTOC * Wt%VOC/100 | kg/tonne |
Part 5 substance releases
Process: batch mix plants
Input: A = Total hot-mix asphalt produced (tonnes/year)
| Substance name | CAS RNFootnote 1 | Emission factorFootnote 2 | EF units |
|---|---|---|---|
| Benzene | 71-43-2 | 1.400E-04 | kg/tonne |
| Formaldehyde | 50-00-0 | 3.700E-04 | kg/tonne |
| Toluene | 108-88-3 | 5.000E-04 | kg/tonne |
| Xylene | 1330-20-7 | 1.350E-03 | kg/tonne |
Process: drum mix - natural gas-fired dryer with fabric filter
Input: A = Total hot-mix asphalt produced (tonnes/year)
| Substance name | CAS RNFootnote 1 | Emission factorFootnote 2 | EF units |
|---|---|---|---|
| Benzene | 71-43-2 | 1.950E-04 | kg/tonne |
| Formaldehyde | 50-00-0 | 1.550E-03 | kg/tonne |
| Toluene | 108-88-3 | 7.500E-05 | kg/tonne |
| Xylene | 1330-20-7 | 1.000E-04 | kg/tonne |
| Ethylene | 74-85-1 | 3.500E-03 | kg/tonne |
| n-Hexane | 110-54-3 | 4.600E-04 | kg/tonne |
Process: drum mix - no. 2 fuel oil-fired dryer - uncontrolled
Input: A = Total hot-mix asphalt produced (tonnes/year)
| Substance name | CAS RNFootnote 1 | Emission factorFootnote 2 | EF units |
|---|---|---|---|
| Benzene | 71-43-2 | 1.950E-04 | kg/tonne |
| Formaldehyde | 50-00-0 | 1.550E-03 | kg/tonne |
| Toluene | 108-88-3 | 1.450E-03 | kg/tonne |
| Xylene | 1330-20-7 | 1.000E-04 | kg/tonne |
| Ethylene | 74-85-1 | 3.500E-03 | kg/tonne |
| n-Hexane | 110-54-3 | 4.600E-04 | kg/tonne |
Process: drum mix - waste/no.6 fuel oil-fired dryer fabric filter
Input: A = Total hot-mix asphalt produced (tonnes/year)
| Substance name | CAS RNFootnote 1 | Emission factorFootnote 2 | EF units |
|---|---|---|---|
| Benzene | 71-43-2 | 1.950E-04 | kg/tonne |
| Formaldehyde | 50-00-0 | 1.550E-03 | kg/tonne |
| Toluene | 108-88-3 | 1.450E-03 | kg/tonne |
| Xylene | 1330-20-7 | 1.000E-04 | kg/tonne |
| Ethylene | 74-85-1 | 3.500E-03 | kg/tonne |
Process: asphalt heater: natural gas boilers <10 MMBTU/hr
Input: A = amount of natural gas fuel used in the asphalt cement storage heater (m3/year)
| Substance name | CAS RNFootnote 1 | Emission factorFootnote 2 | EF units |
|---|---|---|---|
| Benzene | 71-43-2 | 3.364E-02 | kg/10^6m^3 |
| Formaldehyde | 50-00-0 | 1.201E+00 | kg/10^6m^3 |
| Toluene | 108-88-3 | 5.446E-02 | kg/10^6m^3 |
Other emission sources: speciation profile for load-out and yard emissions
The emission factors are a function of asphalt volatility and mix temperature. They are calculated using this formula (where EFTOC represents 'emission factor for total organic carbon':
EFTOC = 0.5*0.00172(-V)e((0.0251)(T+460)-20.43) (kg/tonne)
Inputs:
V = Asphalt volatility (USEPA default = -0.5)
T = HMA mix temperature (USEPA default = 325 F)
A = Total hot-mix asphalt produced (tonnes/year)
| Substance name | CAS RNFootnote 1 | Weight %Footnote ** | Emission factorFootnote 2 | EF units |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethylene | 74-85-1 | 0.71 | =EFTOC * Wt% /100 | kg/tonne |
| Benzene | 71-43-2 | 0.052 | =EFTOC * Wt% /100 | kg/tonne |
| Formaldehyde | 50-00-0 | 0.088 | =EFTOC * Wt% /100 | kg/tonne |
| n-Hexane | 110-54-3 | 0.15 | =EFTOC * Wt% /100 | kg/tonne |
| Styrene | 100-42-5 | 0.0073 | =EFTOC * Wt% /100 | kg/tonne |
| Toluene | 108-88-3 | 0.21 | =EFTOC * Wt% /100 | kg/tonne |
| Xylene | 1330-20-7 | 0.49 | =EFTOC * Wt% /100 | kg/tonne |
Other emission sources: speciation profile for silo filling and asphalt storage tank emissions
The emission factors are a function of asphalt volatility and mix temperature. They are calculated using this formula (where EFTOC represents 'emission factor for total organic carbon':
EF TOC = 0.5*0.0504(-V)e((0.0251)(T+460)-20.43) (kg/tonne)
Inputs:
V = Asphalt volatility (USEPA default = -0.5)
T = HMA mix temperature (USEPA default = 325 F)
A = Total hot-mix asphalt produced (tonnes/year)
| Substance name | CAS RNFootnote 1 | Weight %Footnote ** | Emission factorFootnote 2 | EF units |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethylene | 74-85-1 | 1.1 | =EFTOC * Wt% /100 | kg/tonne |
| Benzene | 71-43-2 | 0.032 | =EFTOC * Wt% /100 | kg/tonne |
| Formaldehyde | 50-00-0 | 0.69 | =EFTOC * Wt% /100 | kg/tonne |
| n-Hexane | 110-54-3 | 0.1 | =EFTOC * Wt% /100 | kg/tonne |
| Styrene | 100-42-5 | 0.0054 | =EFTOC * Wt% /100 | kg/tonne |
| Toluene | 108-88-3 | 0.062 | =EFTOC * Wt% /100 | kg/tonne |
| Xylene | 1330-20-7 | 0.257 | =EFTOC * Wt% /100 | kg/tonne |
Process: aggregate pile
See separate guidance for aggregate handling.
Process: asphalt storage tanks
Emission Factor Sources:
Part 1,2,3,4,5 substances emissions factors from AP 42, Volume I, Fifth Edition, Chapter 11.1 - Hot Mix Asphalt Plants.
Part 1,2,3,4,5 substances emission factors from AP-42, Volume 1, Fifth Edition, Chapter 1.11 - Waste Oil Combustion.
Part 1,2,3,4,5 substances emission factors from AP-42, Volume 1, Fifth Edition, Chapter 1.4 - Natural Gas Combustion.
Vermont Used Oil Analysis and Waste Oil Furnace Emission Study, USEPA 1994.
Page details
- Date modified: