Annex 1: Key labour market statistics

Annex 1.1 - Key labour market statistics: Concepts and definitions

Chapter I and Annex 1 provide information on the labour force, employment, unemployment, participation rate, employment rate, unemployment rate, job vacancies and job vacancy rate. These concepts are defined below.

Annex 1.2 – Key labour market statistics

• Note: Data may not add up to the total due to rounding. Changes in percentage and percentage points are based on unrounded numbers.
• ¹ Statistics exclude the territories.
• ² Number of working-age persons, 15 years of age and older.
• ^R Revised data.
• Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey, Table 14‑10‑0287‑01, seasonally adjusted data.

Annex 1.3 – Employment

• Note: Data may not add up to the total due to rounding.
• ¹ Data specific to territories are not included in the official total for Canada. Data in other categories (i.e. data by gender, age, educational attainment, industry, employment type, class of workers and job permanency) also excludes territorial data.
• ² Figures for the territories are calculated based on 3‑month moving averages using seasonally adjusted monthly data produced by Statistics Canada.
• ³ Includes 0 to 8 years of education and some high school.
• ⁴ Includes high school graduates and some post-secondary education (not completed).
• ⁵ Includes certificates (including trade certificates) or diplomas from an educational institution beyond the secondary level, which comprise certificates from a vocational school, apprenticeship training, community college, collège d'enseignement général et professionnel (cégep) and school of nursing. Also included are certificates below a bachelor's degree obtained at a university.
• ⁶ Includes at least a university bachelor's degree.
• ⁷ This industry combines codes 55 (management of companies and enterprises) and 56 (administrative and support, waste management and remediation services) from the North American Industry Classification System.
• ⁸ This industry combines codes 51 (information and cultural industries) and 71 (arts, entertainment and recreation) from the North American Industry Classification System.
• ⁹ Full-time employment consists of persons who usually work 30 hours or more per week at their main or only job.
• ¹⁰ Part-time employment consists of persons who usually work less than 30 hours per week at their main or only job.
• ¹¹ A permanent job is one that is expected to last as long as the employee wants it, if business conditions permit—that is, there is no predetermined end date.
• ¹² A temporary job has a predetermined end date or will end as soon as a specified project is completed. This category includes seasonal jobs; temporary, term or contract jobs, including work done through a temporary help agency; casual jobs; and other temporary work.
• ^R Revised data.
• Sources: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey, Tables 14‑10‑0019‑01, unadjusted (for data by educational attainment); 14‑10‑0355‑01, seasonally adjusted (for data by industry); 14‑10‑0026‑01, seasonally adjusted (for data by class of workers); 14‑10‑0071‑01, unadjusted (for data by job permanency); 14‑10‑0287‑01, seasonally adjusted (for data specific to provinces, by gender, age and employment type); and 14‑10‑0292‑01, seasonally adjusted (for data specific to territories).

Annex 1.4 – Unemployment

• Note: Data may not add up to the total due to rounding. Monthly data that are confidential under the Statistics Act are excluded from the calculation of the fiscal year average.
• ¹ Data specific to territories are not included in the official total for Canada. Data in other categories (i.e. data by gender, age, educational attainment, industry, reason for unemployment and duration of unemployment) also excludes territorial data.
• ² Figures for the territories are calculated based on 3‑month moving averages using seasonally adjusted monthly data produced by Statistics Canada.
• ³ Includes 0 to 8 years of education and some high school.
• ⁴ Includes high school graduates and some post-secondary education (not completed).
• ⁵ Includes certificates (including trade certificates) or diplomas from an educational institution beyond the secondary level, which comprise certificates from a vocational school, apprenticeship training, community college, collège d'enseignement général et professionnel (cégep) and school of nursing. Also included are certificates below a bachelor's degree obtained at a university.
• ⁶ Includes at least a university bachelor's degree.
• ⁷ Information is provided for the last job held, providing the person worked within the previous 12 months.
• ⁸ This industry combines codes 55 (management of companies and enterprises) and 56 (administrative and support, waste management and remediation services) from the North American Industry Classification System.
• ⁹ This industry combines codes 51 (information and cultural industries) and 71 (arts, entertainment and recreation) from the North American Industry Classification System.
• ¹⁰ People who have not worked in the last year or who have never worked are not classified as belonging to any industry.
• ¹¹ Duration of unemployment is the number of continuous weeks during which a person has been without work and is looking for work, or is on temporary layoff.
• ¹² Duration of unemployment is not reported for unemployed people who reported having a job to start in the next 4 weeks under the Labour Force Survey.
• ^R Revised data.
• Sources: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey, Tables 14‑10‑0019‑01, unadjusted (for data by educational attainment); 14‑10‑0022‑01, seasonally adjusted (for data by industry); 14‑10‑0342‑01, seasonally adjusted (for data by duration of unemployment); 14‑10‑0125‑01, unadjusted (for data by reason for unemployment); 14‑10‑0287‑01, seasonally adjusted (for data specific to provinces, by gender and age); and 14‑10‑0292‑01, seasonally adjusted (for data specific to territories).

Annex 1.5 – Unemployment rate

• Note: Monthly data that are confidential under the Statistics Act are excluded from the calculation of the annual average.
• ¹ Data specific to territories are not included in the official total for Canada. Data in other categories (i.e. data by gender, age, educational attainment and industry) also excludes territorial data.
• ² Figures for the territories are calculated based on 3‑month moving averages using seasonally adjusted monthly data produced by Statistics Canada.
• ³ Includes 0 to 8 years of education and some high school.
• ⁴ Includes high school graduates and some post-secondary education (not completed).
• ⁵ Includes certificates (including trade certificates) or diplomas from an educational institution beyond the secondary level, which comprise certificates from a vocational school, apprenticeship training, community college, collège d'enseignement général et professionnel (cégep) and school of nursing. Also included are certificates below a bachelor's degree obtained at a university.
• ⁶ Includes at least a university bachelor's degree.
• ⁷ This industry combines codes 55 (management of companies and enterprises) and 56 (administrative and support, waste management and remediation services) from the North American Industry Classification System.
• ⁸ This industry combines codes 51 (information and cultural industries) and 71 (arts, entertainment and recreation) from the North American Industry Classification System.
• ^R Revised data.
• Sources: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey, Tables 14‑10‑0019‑01, unadjusted (for data by educational attainment); 14‑10‑0022‑01, seasonally adjusted (for data by industry); and 14‑10‑0287‑01, seasonally adjusted (for data specific to provinces, by gender, age and employment type); and 14‑10‑0292‑01, seasonally adjusted (for data specific to territories).

Annex 1.6 – Average duration of unemployment

• ¹ Duration of unemployment is the number of continuous weeks during which a person has been without work and is looking for work, or is on temporary layoff.
• ² Average weeks of unemployment is calculated with no upper limit to length of unemployment.
• ³ Data specific to territories are not included in the official total for Canada. Data in other categories (i.e. data by gender and age) also excludes territorial data.
• ^R  Revised data.
• Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey, Table 14‑10‑0342‑01, seasonally adjusted data.

Annex 1.7 – Job vacancies

• Note: Data may not add up to the total due to rounding. Percentage change is based on unrounded numbers.
• ¹ This industry combines codes 55 (management of companies and enterprises) and 56 (administrative and support, waste management and remediation services) from the North American Industry Classification System.
• ² This industry combines codes 51 (information and cultural industries) and 71 (arts, entertainment and recreation) from the North American Industry Classification System.
• ³ A full-time vacant position consists of position which requires 30 or more hours of work per week.
• ⁴ A part-time vacant position consists of position which requires less than 30 hours of work per week.
• ⁵ A permanent position consists of a position which is expected to last as long as the employee wants it, given that business conditions permit. That is, there is no pre-determined termination date. 
• ⁶ A temporary position consists of a position which has a predetermined end date, or will end as soon as a specified project is completed.
• ⁷ A seasonal position is a temporary position which is linked to a recurring event (e.g., public holidays) or time of the year (e.g., summertime).
• Sources: Statistics Canada, Job Vacancy and Wage Survey, Tables 14‑10‑0326‑01, seasonally unadjusted data (for data by industry and province or territory) and 14‑10‑0328‑01, seasonally unadjusted data (for data by job vacancy type, job permanency and job vacancy duration).

Annex 1.8 – Job vacancy rates

• Note: Percentage points change is based on unrounded numbers.
• ¹ This industry combines codes 55 (management of companies and enterprises) and 56 (administrative and support, waste management and remediation services) from the North American Industry Classification System.
• ² This industry combines codes 51 (information and cultural industries) and 71 (arts, entertainment and recreation) from the North American Industry Classification System.
• Source: Statistics Canada, Job Vacancy and Wage Survey, Table 14‑10‑0326‑01, seasonally unadjusted data.

Annex 1.9 – Average hourly wage rate

• ¹ Hourly wage rate includes wage/salary before taxes and other deductions, and includes tips, commissions and bonuses for the main job.
• ² Annual average hourly wage rate is calculated as the average of the monthly data.
• ³ Data specific to territories are not included in the official total for Canada. Data in other categories (i.e. data by industry, gender and age) also excludes territorial data.
• ⁴ This industry combines codes 55 (management of companies and enterprises) and 56 (administrative and support, waste management and remediation services) from the North American Industry Classification System.
• ⁵ This industry combines codes 51 (information and cultural industries) and 71 (arts, entertainment and recreation) from the North American Industry Classification System.
• Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey, Table 14‑10‑0063‑01, seasonally adjusted data.