Annex 1: Key labour market statistics
From: Employment and Social Development Canada
Official title: Employment Insurance Monitoring and Assessment Report for the fiscal year beginning April 1, 2020 and ending March 31, 2021: Annex 1: Key labour market statistics
On this page
- List of abbreviations
- Annex 1.1 – Key labour market statistics: Concepts and definitions
- Annex 1.2 – Key labour market statistics
- Annex 1.3 – Employment by province or territory, gender, age, educational attainment, industry, employment type, class of workers and job permanency (levels in thousands)
- Annex 1.4 – Unemployment by province or territory, gender, age, educational attainment, industry, reasons for unemployment and unemployment duration (levels in thousands)
- Annex 1.5 – Unemployment rate by province or territory, gender, age, educational attainment and industry (%)
- Annex 1.6 – Average duration of unemployment by province, gender and age (number of weeks)
- Annex 1.7 – Job vacancies by province or territory, industry, job type, job permanency and vacancy duration
- Annex 1.8 – Job vacancy rates by province or territory and industry (%)
List of abbreviations
This is the complete list of abbreviations for the Employment Insurance Monitoring and Assessment Report for the fiscal year beginning April 1, 2020 and ending March 31, 2021.
Abbreviations
- AD
- Appeal Division
- ADR
- Alternative Dispute Resolution
- ASETS
- Aboriginal Skills and Employment Training Strategy
- B/C Ratio
- Benefits-to-Contributions ratio
- BDM
- Benefits Delivery Modernization
- CAWS
- Client Access Workstation Services
- CCDA
- Canadian Council of Directors of Apprenticeship
- CCIS
- Corporate Client Information Service
- CEIC
- Canada Employment Insurance Commission
- CERB
- Canada Emergency Response Benefit
- CESB
- Canada Emergency Student Benefit
- CEWB
- Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy
- COLS
- Community Outreach and Liaison Service
- CPP
- Canada Pension Plan
- CRA
- Canada Revenue Agency
- CRB
- Canada Recovery Benefit
- CRCB
- Canada Recovery Caregiving Benefit
- CRF
- Consolidated Revenue Fund
- CRSB
- Canada Recovery Sickness Benefit
- CSO
- Citizen Service Officer
- CX
- Client Experience
- EBSM
- Employment Benefits and Support Measures
- ECC
- Employer Contact Centre
- EI
- Employment Insurance
- EI ERB
- Employment Insurance Emergency Response Benefit
- EICS
- Employment Insurance Coverage Survey
- eROE
- Electronic Record of Employment
- ESDC
- Employment and Social Development Canada
- eSIN
- Electronic Social Insurance Number
- FY
- Fiscal Year
- G7
- Group of Seven
- GDP
- Gross Domestic Product
- GIS
- Guaranteed Income Supplements
- HCCS
- Hosted Contact Centre Solution
- IQF
- Individual Quality Feedback
- ISET
- Indigenous Skills and Employment Training
- IVR
- Interactive Voice Response
- LFS
- Labour Force Survey
- LMDA
- Labour Market Development Agreements
- LMI
- Labour Market Information
- LMP
- Labour Market Partnerships
- MIE
- Maximum Insurable Earnings
- MSCA
- My Service Canada Account
- NAICS
- North American Industry Classification System
- NESI
- National Essential Skills Initiative
- NIS
- National Investigative Services
- NOM
- National Operating Model
- OAS
- Old Age Security
- PAAR
- Payment Accuracy Review
- PPE
- Premium-paid eligible individuals
- PRAR
- Processing Accuracy Review
- PRP
- Premium Reduction Program
- PTs
- Provinces and Territories
- QPIP
- Quebec Parental Insurance Plan
- R&I
- Research and Innovation
- ROE
- Record of Employment
- RPA
- Robotics Process Automation
- SAT
- Secure Automated Transfer
- SCC
- Service Canada Centre
- SDP
- Service Delivery Partner
- SEPH
- Survey of Employment, Payrolls and Hours
- SIN
- Social Insurance Number
- SIR
- Social Insurance Registry
- SST
- Social Security Tribunal
- STDP
- Short-term disability plan
- SUB
- Supplemental Unemployment Benefit
- TRF
- Targeting, Referral and Feedback
- TTY
- Teletypewriter
- UV
- Unemployment-to-vacancy
- VBW
- Variable Best Weeks
- VER
- Variable Entrance Requirement
- VRI
- Video Remote Interpretation
- WCAG
- Web Content Accessibility Guidelines
- WWC
- Working While on Claim
Annex 1.1 – Key labour market statistics: Concepts and definitionsFootnote 1
Chapter I and annex 1 provide information on the labour force, employment, unemployment, participation rate, employment rate, unemployment rate, job vacancies and job vacancy rate. These concepts are defined below.
Labour force
The labour force is comprised of those members of the civilian non-institutional population 15 years of age and over who were employed or unemployed during the Statistics Canada's Labour Force Survey reference week.
Persons who are not in the labour force include those who were either unable to work or unavailable for work. They also include persons who were without work and who had neither actively looked for work in the past 4 weeks nor had a job to start within 4 weeks of the reference week.
Employment
Employed persons are those who, during the Statistics Canada's Labour Force Survey reference week:
- did any work at all at a job or business, that is, paid work in the context of an employer-employee relationship, or self-employment (it also includes persons who did unpaid family work, which is defined as unpaid work contributing directly to the operation of a farm, business or professional practice owned and operated by a related member of the same household), or
- had a job but were not at work due to factors such as their own illness or disability, personal or family responsibilities, vacation or a labour dispute (this excludes persons not at work because they were on layoff or between casual jobs, and those who did not then have a job even if they had a job to start at a future date)
Unemployment
Unemployed persons are those who, during the Statistics Canada’s Labour Force Survey reference week:
- were without work but had looked for work in the past 4 weeks (ending with the reference week) and were available for work
- were on temporary layoff due to business conditions, with an expectation of recall (either because they have a definite date to return to work or because they have an indication from their employer that they will be recalled in the future) and were available for work, or
- had not actively looked for work in the past 4 weeks but had a job to start within 4 weeks from the reference week and were available for work
Participation rate
The participation rate is defined as the labour force expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over.
Participation rates can be examined by characteristics such as province, gender or age. The participation rate for a particular group is the labour force in that group expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over for that group.
Employment rate
The employment rate is defined as the number of employed persons expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over.
Employment rates can be examined by characteristics such as province, age or gender. The employment rate for a particular group is the number employed in that group expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over for that group.
Unemployment rate
The unemployment rate is defined as the number of unemployed persons expressed as a percentage of the labour force.
Unemployment rates can be examined by characteristics such as province, age or gender. The unemployment rate for a particular group is the number unemployed in that group expressed as a percentage of the labour force for that group.
Job vacancies
A job is vacant if it meets the following conditions:
- it is vacant on the reference date (first day of the month) or will become vacant during the month
- there are tasks to be carried out during the month for the job in question, and
- the employer is actively seeking a worker outside the organization to fill the job
The job could be full-time, part-time, permanent, temporary, casual, or seasonal. Jobs reserved for subcontractors, external consultants, or other workers who are not considered employees, are excluded.
Job vacancy rate
The number of job vacancies expressed as a percentage of labour demand; for example, all occupied and vacant jobs.
| Statistics | FY1819 | FY1920 | FY2021 | February 2020 | March 2021 | Change February 2020 to March 2021 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population 2 (in thousands) | 30,339.6 | 30,804.9 | 31,118.4 | 30,949.3 | 31,234.5 | +0.9% |
| Labour force (in thousands) | 19,835.4 | 20,147.0 | 19,946.6 | 20,301.3 | 20,356.7 | +0.3% |
| Employment (in thousands) | 18,665.3 | 18,964.4 | 17,945.0 | 19,143.6 | 18,834.4 | -1.6% |
| Unemployment (in thousands) | 1,170.1 | 1,182.6 | 2,001.7 | 1,157.6 | 1,522.2 | +31.5% |
| Unemployment rate (%) | 5.9 | 5.9 | 10.0 | 5.7 | 7.5 | +1.8 p.p |
| Participation rate (%) | 65.4 | 65.4 | 64.1 | 65.6 | 65.2 | -0.4 p.p |
| Employment rate (%) | 61.5 | 61.6 | 57.7 | 61.9 | 60.3 | -1.6 p.p |
- Note: Data may not add up to the total due to rounding. Changes in percentage and percentage points are based on unrounded numbers.
- 1 Statistics exclude the territories.
- 2 Number of working-age persons, 15 years of age and older.
- Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey, Table 14-10-0287-01, seasonally adjusted data.
| Characteristics1 | FY1819 | FY1920 | FY2021 | February 2020 | March 2021 | Change (%) February 2020 to March 2021 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Newfoundland and Labrador | 225.8 | 225.2 | 212.3 | 223.8 | 220.4 | -1.5 |
| Prince Edward Island | 77.0 | 80.0 | 76.1 | 81.8 | 79.1 | -3.3 |
| Nova Scotia | 453.7 | 460.5 | 441.7 | 466.4 | 465.6 | -0.2 |
| New Brunswick | 359.3 | 360.8 | 351.8 | 363.7 | 359.8 | -1.1 |
| Quebec | 4,237.7 | 4,303.7 | 4,080.5 | 4,358.1 | 4,248.3 | -2.5 |
| Ontario | 7,216.1 | 7,391.2 | 6,989.8 | 7,494.6 | 7,368.3 | -1.7 |
| Manitoba | 652.6 | 655.0 | 628.3 | 664.5 | 651.9 | -1.9 |
| Saskatchewan | 563.3 | 570.2 | 540.1 | 574.1 | 549.9 | -4.2 |
| Alberta | 2,268.0 | 2,268.2 | 2,123.7 | 2,273.4 | 2,227.4 | -2.0 |
| British Columbia | 2,611.8 | 2,649.7 | 2,500.7 | 2,643.3 | 2,663.8 | +0.8 |
| Yukon2 | 22.7 | 23.2 | 21.6 | 22.6 | 22.0 | -2.7 |
| Northwest Territories2 | 22.9 | 22.5 | 21.9 | 22.3 | 23.1 | +3.6 |
| Nunavut2 | 13.0 | 13.1 | 11.9 | 12.8 | 12.2 | -4.7 |
| Men | 9,802.0 | 9,972.0 | 9,500.8 | 10,052.6 | 9,950.3 | -1.0 |
| Women | 8,863.3 | 8,992.5 | 8,444.1 | 9,091.0 | 8,884.2 | -2.3 |
| 15 to 24 years | 2,550.0 | 2,559.5 | 2,189.1 | 2,605.0 | 2,444.0 | -6.2 |
| 25 to 54 years | 12,133.9 | 12,272.9 | 11,786.8 | 12,347.7 | 12,198.0 | -1.2 |
| 55 years and older | 3,981.4 | 4,132.0 | 3,969.1 | 4,190.9 | 4,192.5 | 0.0 |
| Less than high school3 | 1,556.1 | 1,517.5 | 1,282.2 | 1,449.3 | 1,249.7 | -13.8 |
| High school diploma4 | 4,673.7 | 4,547.6 | 4,188.3 | 4,550.5 | 4,253.1 | -6.5 |
| Post-secondary certificate or diploma5 | 6,678.0 | 6,787.4 | 6,261.7 | 6,620.7 | 6,469.5 | -2.3 |
| University degree6 | 5,755.0 | 6,113.5 | 6,207.0 | 6,229.4 | 6,528.7 | +4.8 |
| Goods-producing industries | 3,957.3 | 3,971.7 | 3,762.3 | 3,980.9 | 3,947.1 | -0.8 |
| Agriculture | 285.4 | 293.8 | 272.4 | 297.8 | 264.2 | -11.3 |
| Forestry, fishing, mining, quarrying, oil and gas | 344.6 | 323.2 | 308.7 | 312.0 | 324.4 | +4.0 |
| Utilities | 146.7 | 138.8 | 139.5 | 139.4 | 144.4 | +3.6 |
| Construction | 1,445.9 | 1,479.0 | 1,364.2 | 1,486.2 | 1,463.3 | -1.5 |
| Manufacturing | 1,734.6 | 1,737.0 | 1,677.5 | 1,745.4 | 1,750.8 | +0.3 |
| Services-producing industries | 14,708.1 | 14,992.8 | 14,182.7 | 15,162.8 | 14,887.3 | -1.8 |
| Wholesale and retail trade | 2,782.7 | 2,823.7 | 2,671.0 | 2,874.9 | 2,846.6 | -1.0 |
| Transportation and warehousing | 1,006.1 | 1,032.0 | 939.6 | 1,030.1 | 974.3 | -5.4 |
| Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 1,172.7 | 1,216.0 | 1,246.5 | 1,237.7 | 1,283.6 | +3.7 |
| Professional, scientific and technical services | 1,473.0 | 1,543.8 | 1,548.4 | 1,539.1 | 1,634.6 | +6.2 |
| Business, building and other support services7 | 778.1 | 755.7 | 691.5 | 760.4 | 704.8 | -7.3 |
| Educational services | 1,324.7 | 1,358.3 | 1,360.8 | 1,382.4 | 1,475.9 | +6.8 |
| Health care and social assistance | 2,418.0 | 2,503.2 | 2,446.3 | 2,529.6 | 2,550.4 | +0.8 |
| Information, culture and recreation8 | 756.8 | 761.0 | 668.4 | 776.5 | 716.5 | -7.7 |
| Accommodation and food services | 1,232.3 | 1,188.6 | 883.0 | 1,225.9 | 922.0 | -24.8 |
| Other services (except public administration) | 801.4 | 806.4 | 726.6 | 810.3 | 755.6 | -6.8 |
| Public administration | 962.4 | 1,004.1 | 1,000.5 | 996.1 | 1,022.9 | +2.7 |
| Full-time employment9 | 15,141.3 | 15,411.3 | 14,727.5 | 15,552.9 | 15,384.8 | -1.1 |
| Part-time employment10 | 3,524.0 | 3,553.1 | 3,217.4 | 3,590.7 | 3,449.6 | -3.9 |
| Employees | 15,837.9 | 16,091.2 | 15,217.2 | 16,264.6 | 16,111.3 | -0.9 |
| Public sector employees | 3,769.4 | 3,851.7 | 3,865.5 | 3,895.0 | 4,049.4 | +4.0 |
| Private sector employees | 12,068.5 | 12,239.6 | 11,351.7 | 12,369.6 | 12,061.8 | -2.5 |
| Self-employed | 2,827.4 | 2,873.2 | 2,727.7 | 2,879.0 | 2,723.2 | -5.4 |
| Employees | 15,837.5 | 16,094.0 | 15,195.8 | 16,007.2 | 15,817.3 | -1.2 |
| Permanent employees11 | 13,731.1 | 14,022.5 | 13,464.7 | 14,103.3 | 14,052.0 | -0.4 |
| Temporary employees12 | 2,106.4 | 2,071.5 | 1,731.1 | 1,903.9 | 1,765.3 | -7.3 |
| Canada | 18,665.3 | 18,964.4 | 17,945.0 | 19,143.6 | 18,834.4 | -1.6 |
- Note: Data may not add up to the total due to rounding.
- 1 Data specific to territories are not included in the official total for Canada. Data in other categories (i.e. data by gender, age, educational attainment, industry, employment type, class of workers and job permanency) also excludes territorial data.
- 2 Figures for the territories are calculated based on three-month moving averages using seasonally adjusted monthly data produced by Statistics Canada.
- 3 Includes zero to eight years of education and some high school.
- 4 Includes high school graduates and some post-secondary education (not completed).
- 5 Includes certificates (including trade certificates) or diplomas from an educational institution beyond the secondary level, which comprise certificates from a vocational school, apprenticeship training, community college, collège d'enseignement général et professionnel (cégep) and school of nursing. Also included are certificates below a bachelor's degree obtained at a university.
- 6 Includes at least a university bachelor's degree.
- 7 This industry combines codes 55 (management of companies and enterprises) and 56 (administrative and support, waste management and remediation services) from the North American Industry Classification System.
- 8 This industry combines codes 51 (information and cultural industries) and 71 (arts, entertainment and recreation) from the North American Industry Classification System.
- 9 Full-time employment consists of persons who usually work 30 hours or more per week at their main or only job.
- 10 Part-time employment consists of persons who usually work less than 30 hours per week at their main or only job.
- 11 A permanent job is one that is expected to last as long as the employee wants it, if business conditions permit—that is, there is no predetermined end date.
- 12 A temporary job has a predetermined end date or will end as soon as a specified project is completed. This category includes seasonal jobs; temporary, term or contract jobs, including work done through a temporary help agency; casual jobs; and other temporary work.
- Sources: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey, Tables 14-10-0019-01, unadjusted (for data by educational attainment); 14-10-0022-01, seasonally adjusted (for data by industry); 14-10-0026-01, seasonally adjusted (for data by class of workers); 14-10-0071-01, unadjusted (for data by job permanency); 14-10-0287-01, seasonally adjusted (for data specific to provinces, by gender, age and employment type); and 14-10-0292-01, seasonally adjusted (for data specific to territories).
| Characteristics1 | FY1819 | FY1920 | FY2021 | February 2020 | March 2021 | Change (%) February 2020 to March 2021 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Newfoundland and Labrador | 35.1 | 31.6 | 36.0 | 31.9 | 32.0 | +0.3 |
| Prince Edward Island | 7.9 | 7.3 | 9.1 | 7.3 | 7.0 | -4.1 |
| Nova Scotia | 36.0 | 38.6 | 47.8 | 41.9 | 44.1 | +5.3 |
| New Brunswick | 31.5 | 31.8 | 40.3 | 29.7 | 37.2 | +25.3 |
| Quebec | 243.5 | 240.5 | 412.8 | 208.1 | 295.6 | +42.0 |
| Ontario | 443.1 | 444.2 | 800.2 | 434.5 | 601.3 | +38.4 |
| Manitoba | 40.5 | 37.6 | 57.6 | 36.6 | 48.0 | +31.1 |
| Saskatchewan | 36.6 | 35.2 | 50.4 | 39.1 | 42.6 | +9.0 |
| Alberta | 165.6 | 177.8 | 289.2 | 184.5 | 219.7 | +19.1 |
| British Columbia | 130.4 | 137.9 | 258.4 | 144.1 | 194.7 | +35.1 |
| Yukon2 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 1.5 | +66.7 |
| Northwest Territories2 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 2.1 | 1.6 | -23.8 |
| Nunavut2 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 1.0 | -50.0 |
| Men | 647.2 | 650.9 | 1,075.1 | 635.6 | 823.5 | +29.6 |
| Women | 522.9 | 531.7 | 926.6 | 522.1 | 698.7 | +33.8 |
| 15 to 24 years | 311.2 | 331.1 | 579.0 | 307.8 | 399.8 | +29.9 |
| 25 to 54 years | 634.9 | 630.9 | 1,054.9 | 614.5 | 843.1 | +37.2 |
| 55 years and older | 224.0 | 220.5 | 367.8 | 235.4 | 279.3 | +18.6 |
| Less than high school3 | 202.8 | 197.1 | 269.5 | 180.9 | 249.5 | +37.9 |
| High school diploma4 | 350.9 | 367.5 | 665.2 | 382.9 | 509.8 | +33.1 |
| Post-secondary certificate or diploma5 | 346.8 | 344.4 | 608.6 | 355.2 | 512.6 | +44.3 |
| University degree6 | 266.7 | 272.1 | 460.8 | 267.1 | 359.8 | +34.7 |
| Goods-producing industries7 | 209.2 | 215.4 | 340.5 | 211.1 | 224.8 | +6.5 |
| Agriculture | 13.5 | 12.8 | 14.5 | 14.2 | 12.5 | -12.0 |
| Forestry, fishing, mining, quarrying, oil and gas | 27.5 | 25.7 | 38.9 | 26.5 | 31.1 | +17.4 |
| Utilities | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 4.0 | 2.1 | -47.5 |
| Construction | 102.0 | 101.9 | 153.0 | 88.4 | 86.5 | -2.1 |
| Manufacturing | 63.9 | 72.4 | 131.6 | 78.0 | 92.5 | +18.6 |
| Services-producing industries7 | 497.8 | 543.9 | 1,145.8 | 503.9 | 726.4 | +44.2 |
| Wholesale and retail trade | 110.9 | 112.5 | 234.7 | 104.4 | 141.7 | +35.7 |
| Transportation and warehousing | 35.7 | 34.1 | 82.6 | 31.8 | 50.9 | +60.1 |
| Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 20.8 | 20.3 | 44.0 | 21.1 | 27.6 | +30.8 |
| Professional, scientific and technical services | 41.4 | 42.7 | 82.1 | 40.3 | 49.2 | +22.1 |
| Business, building and other support services8 | 48.8 | 48.8 | 82.8 | 51.1 | 71.5 | +39.9 |
| Educational services | 46.3 | 61.6 | 105.8 | 54.5 | 53.2 | -2.4 |
| Health care and social assistance | 39.7 | 43.6 | 89.3 | 37.6 | 65.9 | +75.3 |
| Information, culture and recreation9 | 40.3 | 47.3 | 112.0 | 40.1 | 73.3 | +82.8 |
| Accommodation and food services | 69.0 | 82.8 | 215.5 | 73.0 | 131.1 | +79.6 |
| Other services (except public administration) | 23.9 | 27.1 | 68.2 | 26.0 | 39.7 | +52.7 |
| Public administration | 21.1 | 23.1 | 28.8 | 24.0 | 22.4 | -6.7 |
| Unclassified industries10 | 463.1 | 423.3 | 515.4 | 442.7 | 571.0 | +29.0 |
| People who have left their job | 237.6 | 236.5 | 239.3 | 211.6 | 196.0 | -7.4 |
| People who have lost their job | 467.2 | 521.9 | 1,244.3 | 539.7 | 863.8 | +60.1 |
| People who have not worked in the last year or who have never worked | 462.4 | 422.7 | 520.5 | 434.8 | 571.8 | +31.5 |
| Duration of unemployment11: 1 to 4 weeks | 439.8 | 483.8 | 572.5 | 469.1 | 406.0 | -13.5 |
| Duration of unemployment11: 5 to 13 weeks | 302.0 | 303.2 | 623.6 | 291.9 | 337.1 | +15.5 |
| Duration of unemployment11: 14 to 26 weeks | 174.2 | 169.2 | 407.7 | 166.2 | 260.3 | +56.6 |
| Duration of unemployment11: 27 weeks or more | 197.8 | 168.5 | 339.7 | 180.1 | 470.6 | +161.3 |
| Duration of unemployment11: 52 weeks or more | 110.6 | 89.6 | 120.5 | 102.8 | 251.9 | +145.0 |
| Duration of unemployment11: unknown12 | 56.3 | 57.9 | 58.2 | 50.4 | 48.3 | -4.2 |
| Canada | 1,170.1 | 1,182.6 | 2,001.7 | 1,157.6 | 1,522.2 | +31.5 |
- Note: Data may not add up to the total due to rounding. Monthly data that are confidential under the Statistics Act are excluded from the calculation of the fiscal year average.
- 1 Data specific to territories are not included in the official total for Canada. Data in other categories (i.e. data by gender, age, educational attainment, industry, reason for unemployment and duration of unemployment) also excludes territorial data.
- 2 Figures for the territories are calculated based on three-month moving averages using seasonally adjusted monthly data produced by Statistics Canada.
- 3 Includes zero to eight years of education and some high school.
- 4 Includes high school graduates and some post-secondary education (not completed).
- 5 Includes certificates (including trade certificates) or diplomas from an educational institution beyond the secondary level, which comprise certificates from a vocational school, apprenticeship training, community college, collège d'enseignement général et professionnel (cégep) and school of nursing. Also included are certificates below a bachelor's degree obtained at a university.
- 6 Includes at least a university bachelor's degree.
- 7 Information is provided for the last job held, providing the person worked within the previous twelve months.
- 8 This industry combines codes 55 (management of companies and enterprises) and 56 (administrative and support, waste management and remediation services) from the North American Industry Classification System.
- 9 This industry combines codes 51 (information and cultural industries) and 71 (arts, entertainment and recreation) from the North American Industry Classification System.
- 10 People who have not worked in the last year or who have never worked are not classified as belonging to any industry.
- 11 Duration of unemployment is the number of continuous weeks during which a person has been without work and is looking for work, or is on temporary layoff.
- 12 Duration of unemployment is not reported for unemployed people who reported having a job to start in the next four weeks under the Labour Force Survey.
- Sources: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey, Tables 14-10-0019-01, unadjusted (for data by educational attainment); 14-10-0022-01, seasonally adjusted (for data by industry); 14-10-0342-01, seasonally adjusted (for data by duration of unemployment); 14-10-0125-01, unadjusted (for data by reason for unemployment); 14-10-0287-01, seasonally adjusted (for data specific to provinces, by gender and age); and 14-10-0292-01, seasonally adjusted (for data specific to territories).
| Characteristics1 | FY1819 | FY1920 | FY2021 | February 2020 | March 2021 | Change (% points) February 2020 to March 2021 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Newfoundland and Labrador | 13.5 | 12.3 | 14.5 | 12.5 | 12.7 | +0.2 |
| Prince Edward Island | 9.3 | 8.4 | 10.7 | 8.2 | 8.1 | -0.1 |
| Nova Scotia | 7.4 | 7.7 | 9.8 | 8.2 | 8.7 | +0.4 |
| New Brunswick | 8.1 | 8.1 | 10.3 | 7.5 | 9.4 | +1.8 |
| Quebec | 5.4 | 5.3 | 9.2 | 4.6 | 6.5 | +1.9 |
| Ontario | 5.8 | 5.7 | 10.3 | 5.5 | 7.5 | +2.1 |
| Manitoba | 5.8 | 5.4 | 8.4 | 5.2 | 6.9 | +1.6 |
| Saskatchewan | 6.1 | 5.8 | 8.5 | 6.4 | 7.2 | +0.8 |
| Alberta | 6.8 | 7.3 | 12.0 | 7.5 | 9.0 | +1.5 |
| British Columbia | 4.8 | 4.9 | 9.4 | 5.2 | 6.8 | +1.6 |
| Yukon2 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 6.2 | 3.8 | 6.4 | +2.6 |
| Northwest Territories2 | 6.7 | 8.2 | 7.7 | 8.6 | 6.5 | -2.1 |
| Nunavut2 | 14.7 | 13.7 | 12.3 | 13.5 | 7.6 | -5.9 |
| Men | 6.2 | 6.1 | 10.2 | 5.9 | 7.6 | +1.7 |
| Women | 5.6 | 5.6 | 9.9 | 5.4 | 7.3 | +1.9 |
| 15 to 24 years | 10.9 | 11.5 | 20.9 | 10.6 | 14.1 | +3.5 |
| 25 to 54 years | 5.0 | 4.9 | 8.2 | 4.7 | 6.5 | +1.7 |
| 55 years and older | 5.3 | 5.1 | 8.5 | 5.3 | 6.2 | +0.9 |
| Less than high school3 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 17.4 | 11.1 | 16.6 | +5.5 |
| High school diploma4 | 7.0 | 7.5 | 13.7 | 7.8 | 10.7 | +2.9 |
| Post-secondary certificate or diploma5 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 8.9 | 5.1 | 7.3 | +2.2 |
| University degree6 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 6.9 | 4.1 | 5.2 | +1.1 |
| Goods-producing industries | 5.0 | 5.1 | 8.3 | 5.0 | 5.4 | +0.4 |
| Agriculture | 4.5 | 4.2 | 5.0 | 4.6 | 4.5 | +0.0 |
| Forestry, fishing, mining, quarrying, oil and gas | 7.4 | 7.4 | 11.2 | 7.8 | 8.7 | +0.9 |
| Utilities | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.8 | 1.4 | -1.4 |
| Construction | 6.6 | 6.4 | 10.1 | 5.6 | 5.6 | +0.0 |
| Manufacturing | 3.6 | 4.0 | 7.3 | 4.3 | 5.0 | +0.7 |
| Services-producing industries | 3.3 | 3.5 | 7.5 | 3.2 | 4.7 | +1.4 |
| Wholesale and retail trade | 3.8 | 3.8 | 8.1 | 3.5 | 4.7 | +1.2 |
| Transportation and warehousing | 3.4 | 3.2 | 8.1 | 3.0 | 5.0 | +2.0 |
| Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing | 1.7 | 1.6 | 3.4 | 1.7 | 2.1 | +0.4 |
| Professional, scientific and technical services | 2.7 | 2.7 | 5.0 | 2.6 | 2.9 | +0.4 |
| Business, building and other support services7 | 5.9 | 6.1 | 10.7 | 6.3 | 9.2 | +2.9 |
| Educational services | 3.4 | 4.3 | 7.2 | 3.8 | 3.5 | -0.3 |
| Health care and social assistance | 1.6 | 1.7 | 3.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | +1.1 |
| Information, culture and recreation8 | 5.1 | 5.8 | 14.4 | 4.9 | 9.3 | +4.4 |
| Accommodation and food services | 5.3 | 6.5 | 19.6 | 5.6 | 12.4 | +6.8 |
| Other services (except public administration) | 2.9 | 3.3 | 8.6 | 3.1 | 5.0 | +1.9 |
| Public administration | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.8 | 2.4 | 2.1 | -0.2 |
| Canada | 5.9 | 5.9 | 10.0 | 5.7 | 7.5 | +1.8 |
- Note: Monthly data that are confidential under the Statistics Act are excluded from the calculation of the annual average.
- 1 Data specific to territories are not included in the official total for Canada. Data in other categories (i.e. data by gender, age, educational attainment and industry) also excludes territorial data.
- 2 Figures for the territories are calculated based on three-month moving averages using seasonally adjusted monthly data produced by Statistics Canada.
- 3 Includes zero to eight years of education and some high school.
- 4 Includes high school graduates and some post-secondary education (not completed).
- 5 Includes certificates (including trade certificates) or diplomas from an educational institution beyond the secondary level, which comprise certificates from a vocational school, apprenticeship training, community college, collège d'enseignement général et professionnel (cégep) and school of nursing. Also included are certificates below a bachelor's degree obtained at a university.
- 6 Includes at least a university bachelor's degree.
- 7 This industry combines codes 55 (management of companies and enterprises) and 56 (administrative and support, waste management and remediation services) from the North American Industry Classification System.
- 8 This industry combines codes 51 (information and cultural industries) and 71 (arts, entertainment and recreation) from the North American Industry Classification System.
- Sources: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey, Tables 14-10-0019-01, unadjusted (for data by educational attainment); 14-10-0022-01, seasonally adjusted (for data by industry); and 14-10-0287-01, seasonally adjusted (for data specific to provinces, by gender, age and employment type); and 14-10-0292-01, seasonally adjusted (for data specific to territories).
| Characteristics3 | FY1819 | FY1920 | FY2021 | February 2020 | March 2021 | Change (weeks) February 2020 to March 2021 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Newfoundland and Labrador | 20.3 | 17.4 | 19.3 | 18.1 | 20.4 | +2.3 |
| Prince Edward Island | 14.4 | 15.8 | 14.4 | 15.0 | 16.1 | +1.1 |
| Nova Scotia | 18.1 | 15.9 | 20.0 | 15.2 | 22.5 | +7.3 |
| New Brunswick | 16.2 | 14.8 | 15.9 | 18.8 | 21.8 | +3.0 |
| Quebec | 18.6 | 16.9 | 15.0 | 16.2 | 18.6 | +2.4 |
| Ontario | 17.2 | 15.7 | 17.3 | 16.0 | 23.3 | +7.3 |
| Manitoba | 16.6 | 15.8 | 15.5 | 18.1 | 18.2 | +0.1 |
| Saskatchewan | 21.3 | 18.5 | 18.1 | 18.2 | 23.2 | +5.0 |
| Alberta | 21.6 | 19.3 | 20.5 | 18.7 | 28.4 | +9.7 |
| British Columbia | 15.7 | 12.5 | 17.4 | 14.0 | 23.2 | +9.2 |
| Men | 19.0 | 17.0 | 18.4 | 17.5 | 24.4 | +6.9 |
| Women | 17.0 | 15.3 | 16.1 | 15.6 | 20.4 | +4.8 |
| 15 to 24 years old | 9.4 | 9.8 | 12.7 | 11.7 | 14.5 | +2.8 |
| 25 to 54 years old | 18.9 | 16.8 | 18.3 | 17.2 | 24.5 | +7.3 |
| 55 years old and over | 28.1 | 24.5 | 22.1 | 21.7 | 29.6 | +7.9 |
| Canada | 18.1 | 16.2 | 17.4 | 16.7 | 22.5 | +5.8 |
- 1 Duration of unemployment is the number of continuous weeks during which a person has been without work and is looking for work, or is on temporary layoff.
- 2 Average weeks of unemployment is calculated with no upper limit to length of unemployment.
- 3 Data specific to territories are not included in the official total for Canada. Data in other categories (i.e. data by gender and age) also excludes territorial data.
- Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey, Table 14-10-0342-01, seasonally adjusted data.
| Characteristics | Last two quarters of FY1819 | Last two quarters of FY1920 | Last two quarters of FY2021 | Change (%) Last two quarters of FY1920 to FY2021 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Newfoundland and Labrador | 3,740 | 4,515 | 4,395 | -2.7 |
| Prince Edward Island | 1,873 | 1,770 | 1,760 | -0.6 |
| Nova Scotia | 10,270 | 11,008 | 12,903 | +17.2 |
| New Brunswick | 8,483 | 9,145 | 11,038 | +20.7 |
| Quebec | 116,040 | 127,570 | 147,663 | +15.8 |
| Ontario | 205,300 | 189,195 | 203,300 | +7.5 |
| Manitoba | 14,595 | 16,145 | 17,853 | +10.6 |
| Saskatchewan | 8,878 | 11,028 | 11,310 | +2.6 |
| Alberta | 52,393 | 46,908 | 47,545 | +1.4 |
| British Columbia | 103,230 | 91,633 | 97,100 | +6.0 |
| Yukon | 748 | 880 | 805 | -8.5 |
| Northwest Territories | 750 | 480 | 730 | +52.1 |
| Nunavut | 428 | 395 | 445 | +12.7 |
| Goods-producing industries | 104,208 | 93,963 | 110,333 | +17.4 |
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting | 14,063 | 12,070 | 11,743 | -2.7 |
| Mining and oil and gas extraction | 4,760 | 4,030 | 4,520 | +12.2 |
| Utilities | 1,793 | 1,903 | 1,583 | -16.8 |
| Construction | 35,338 | 33,840 | 42,898 | +26.8 |
| Manufacturing | 48,255 | 42,120 | 49,590 | +17.7 |
| Services-producing industries | 422,530 | 416,713 | 446,518 | +7.2 |
| Wholesale trade | 22,728 | 21,930 | 22,045 | +0.5 |
| Retail trade | 61,400 | 59,170 | 70,993 | +20.0 |
| Transportation and warehousing | 31,105 | 25,770 | 29,148 | +13.1 |
| Finance and insurance | 24,313 | 21,970 | 23,038 | +4.9 |
| Real estate and rental and leasing | 7,635 | 7,645 | 6,393 | -16.4 |
| Professional, scientific and technical services | 38,725 | 39,193 | 42,828 | +9.3 |
| Business, building and other support services1 | 43,853 | 39,075 | 41,893 | +7.2 |
| Educational services | 15,360 | 14,908 | 15,953 | +7.0 |
| Health care and social assistance | 60,230 | 67,493 | 99,530 | +47.5 |
| Information, culture and recreation2 | 26,800 | 24,480 | 17,163 | -29.9 |
| Accommodation and food services | 60,125 | 61,013 | 47,760 | -21.7 |
| Other services (except public administration) | 20,878 | 23,498 | 20,538 | -12.6 |
| Public administration | 9,380 | 10,570 | 9,240 | -12.6 |
| Full-time positions3 | 380,410 | 370,390 | 401,165 | +8.3 |
| Part-time positions4 | 146,325 | 140,285 | 155,683 | +11.0 |
| Permanent positions5 | 418,358 | 409,403 | 433,245 | +5.8 |
| Temporary positions6 | 108,375 | 101,273 | 123,603 | +22.0 |
| Seasonal positions7 | 75,765 | 65,953 | 69,545 | +5.4 |
| Duration: constantly recruiting | n/a | 254,055 | 273,455 | +7.6 |
| Duration: less than 15 days | 108,813 | 124,473 | 145,693 | +17.0 |
| Duration: 15 to 29 days | 96,975 | 94,700 | 109,473 | +15.6 |
| Duration: 30 to 59 days | 91,513 | 84,263 | 101,550 | +20.5 |
| Duration: 60 to 89 days | 37,638 | 39,570 | 50,828 | +28.4 |
| Duration: 90 days or more | 69,003 | 105,395 | 149,305 | +41.7 |
| Canada | 526,735 | 510,675 | 556,848 | +9.04 |
- Note: Data may not add up to the total due to rounding. Percentage change is based on unrounded numbers.
- 1 This industry combines codes 55 (management of companies and enterprises) and 56 (administrative and support, waste management and remediation services) from the North American Industry Classification System.
- 2 This industry combines codes 51 (information and cultural industries) and 71 (arts, entertainment and recreation) from the North American Industry Classification System.
- 3 A full-time vacant position consists of position which requires 30 or more hours of work per week.
- 4 A part-time vacant position consists of position which requires less than 30 hours of work per week.
- 5 A permanent position consists of a position which is expected to last as long as the employee wants it, given that business conditions permit. That is, there is no pre-determined termination date.
- 6 A temporary position consists of a position which has a predetermined end date, or will end as soon as a specified project is completed.
- 7 A seasonal position is a temporary position which is linked to a recurring event (e.g., public holidays) or time of the year (e.g., summertime).
- Sources: Statistics Canada, Job Vacancy and Wage Survey, Tables 14-10-0326-01, seasonally unadjusted data (for data by industry and province or territory) and 14-10-0328-01, seasonally unadjusted data (for data by job vacancy type, job permanency and job vacancy duration).
| Characteristics | Last two quarters of FY1819 | Last two quarters of FY1920 | Last two quarters of FY2021 | Change (% Points) Last two quarters of FY1920 to FY2021 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Newfoundland and Labrador | 1.9 | 2.3 | 2.3 | +0.1 |
| Prince Edward Island | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.8 | +0.1 |
| Nova Scotia | 2.6 | 2.7 | 3.3 | +0.6 |
| New Brunswick | 2.8 | 2.9 | 3.6 | +0.7 |
| Quebec | 3.2 | 3.4 | 4.1 | +0.7 |
| Ontario | 3.2 | 2.9 | 3.3 | +0.5 |
| Manitoba | 2.4 | 2.7 | 3.1 | +0.5 |
| Saskatchewan | 1.9 | 2.3 | 2.5 | +0.2 |
| Alberta | 2.6 | 2.3 | 2.6 | +0.3 |
| British Columbia | 4.4 | 3.9 | 4.4 | +0.5 |
| Yukon | 4.2 | 4.8 | 4.5 | -0.3 |
| Northwest Territories | 3.4 | 2.2 | 3.6 | +1.4 |
| Nunavut | 3.4 | 2.7 | 3.1 | +0.4 |
| Goods-producing industries | 3.2 | 2.9 | 3.5 | +0.6 |
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting | 6.1 | 5.1 | 5.0 | -0.2 |
| Mining and oil and gas extraction | 2.3 | 2.0 | 2.4 | +0.4 |
| Utilities | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.3 | -0.2 |
| Construction | 3.3 | 3.1 | 4.1 | +0.9 |
| Manufacturing | 3.0 | 2.6 | 3.2 | +0.6 |
| Services-producing industries | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.5 | +0.5 |
| Wholesale trade | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.8 | +0.2 |
| Retail trade | 3.0 | 2.9 | 3.6 | +0.7 |
| Transportation and warehousing | 3.9 | 3.1 | 3.7 | +0.5 |
| Finance and insurance | 3.2 | 2.8 | 3.0 | +0.2 |
| Real estate and rental and leasing | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | -0.1 |
| Professional, scientific and technical services | 3.9 | 3.8 | 4.2 | +0.4 |
| Business, building and other support services1 | 4.5 | 4.0 | 4.5 | +0.5 |
| Educational services | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.2 | +0.1 |
| Health care and social assistance | 2.9 | 3.2 | 4.6 | +1.4 |
| Information, culture and recreation2 | 4.1 | 3.7 | 3.1 | -0.6 |
| Accommodation and food services | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.8 | +0.5 |
| Other services (except public administration) | 3.6 | 4.1 | 4.1 | +0.0 |
| Public administration | 1.8 | 2.0 | 1.9 | -0.1 |
| Canada | 3.2 | 3.0 | 3.5 | +0.5 |
- Note: Percentage points change is based on unrounded numbers.
- Source: Statistics Canada, Job Vacancy and Wage Survey, Table 14-10-0326-01, seasonally unadjusted data.
- 1 This industry combines codes 55 (management of companies and enterprises) and 56 (administrative and support, waste management and remediation services) from the North American Industry Classification System.
- 2 This industry combines codes 51 (information and cultural industries) and 71 (arts, entertainment and recreation) from the North American Industry Classification System.
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