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Employment Insurance Monitoring and Assessment Report for the fiscal year beginning April 1, 2016 and ending March 31, 2017 - Annex 1: Key labour market statistics

From: Employment and Social Development Canada

  • Annex 1.1 Key labour market statistics – Concepts and definitions

    Chapter I and Annex 1 provide information on the labour force, employment, unemployment, participation rate, employment rate, unemployment rate job vacancies and job vacancy rate. These concepts are defined below.

    Concept Definition
    Labour force

    The labour force is comprised of those members of the civilian non-institutional population 15 years of age and over who were employed or unemployed during the Statistics Canada's Labour Force Survey reference week.

    Persons who are not in the labour force include those who were either unable to work or unavailable for work. They also include persons who were without work and who had neither actively looked for work in the past four weeks nor had a job to start within four weeks of the reference week.
    Employment

    Employed persons are those who, during the Statistics Canada's Labour Force Survey reference week:

    a) did any work at all at a job or business, that is, paid work in the context of an employer-employee relationship, or self-employment (it also includes persons who did unpaid family work, which is defined as unpaid work contributing directly to the operation of a farm, business or professional practice owned and operated by a related member of the same household); or

    b) had a job but were not at work due to factors such as their own illness or disability, personal or family disabilities, vacation or a labour dispute (this excludes persons not at work because they were on layoff or between casual jobs, and those who did not then have a job even if they had a job to start at a future date).
    Unemployment

    Unemployed persons are those who, during the Statistics Canada’s Labour Force Survey reference week:

    a) were without work but had looked for work in the past four weeks (ending with the reference week) and were available for work;

    b) were on temporary layoff due to business conditions, with an expectation of recall (either because they have a definite date to return to work or because they have an indication from their employer that they will be recalled in the future) and were available for work; or

    c) had not actively looked for work in the past four weeks but had a job to start within four weeks from the reference week and were available for work.
    Participation rate

    The Participation Rate is defined as the labour force expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over.

    The participation rate for a particular group (province, gender, age, etc.) is the labour force in that group expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over for that group.
    Employment rate

    The employment rate is defined as the number of employed persons expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over.

    The employment rate for a particular group (province, gender, age, etc.) is the number employed in that group expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over for that group.
    Unemployment rate

    The unemployment rate is defined as the number of unemployed persons expressed as a percentage of the labour force.

    The unemployment rate for a particular group (province, gender, age, etc.) is the number unemployed in that group expressed as a percentage of the labour force for that group.
    Job vacancies

    A job is vacant if it meets the following conditions:

    a) it is vacant on the reference date (first day of the month) or will become vacant   during the month;

    b) there are tasks to be carried out during the month for the job in question; and

    c) the employer is actively seeking a worker outside the organization to fill the job.

    The job could be full-time, part-time, permanent, temporary, casual, or seasonal. Jobs reserved for subcontractors, external consultants, or other workers who are not considered employees, are excluded.
    Job vacancy rate

    The number of job vacancies expressed as a percentage of labour demand; for example, all occupied and vacant jobs.
    • Sources: Statistics Canada “Guide to the Labour Force Survey”, catalogue no. 71-543-G, Ottawa, Statistics Canada, Labour Statistics Division, 2017; Statistics Canada “Labour Force Information: Friday, July 7, 2017”, Catalogue no. 71-001-X, Ottawa, Statistics Canada, Labour Statistics Division, 2017 and; Statistics Canada “Guide to the Job Vacancy and Wage Survey, July 15 2017”, Catalogue no. 75-514-G, Ottawa, Statistics Canada, Labour Statistics Division, 2017.
  • Annex 1.2 – Key labour market statistics
    Labour market characteristics (levels in thousands)1
    1986/1987 1996/1997 2006/2007 2015/2016 2016/2017 Change (%) 2015/2016-2016/2017
    Population2 20,155.3 23,032.1 26,203.4 29,356.0 29,662.1 +1.0%
    Labour force 13,329.6 14,890.0 17,593.6 19,336.4 19,491.9 +0.8%
    Employment 12,062.0 13,461.9 16,494.2 17,979.1 18,153.4 +1.0%
    Unemployment 1,267.6 1,428.2 1,099.4 1,357.3 1,338.5 -1.4%
    Labour market characteristics (rates in %)
    1986/1987 1996/1997 2006/2007 2015/2016 2016/2017 Change (% Points) 2015/2016-2016/2017
    Unemployment rate 9.5% 9.6% 6.3% 7.0% 6.9% -0.1
    Participation rate 66.2% 64.7% 67.1% 65.9% 65.7% -0.2
    Employment rate 59.9% 58.5% 62.9% 61.3% 61.2% -0.1
    • Note: Data may not add up to the total due to rounding. Percentage change is based on unrounded numbers. Fiscal year data in this annex are the annual average of unadjusted monthly estimates produced by Statistics Canada.
    • 1 The years reviewed in this annex prior to 2016 to 2017 correspond to the immediate previous year and in decrements of ten years in the past, in order to compare changes in these indicators over a longer period of time.
    • 2 Number of working-age persons, 15 years of age and older.
    • Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey, CANSIM table 282-0087.
  • Annex 1.3 – Employment by province or territory, gender, age, educational attainment, industry, employment type, class of workers and job permanency (levels in thousands)
    Employment1
    1986/1987 1996/1997 2006/2007 2015/2016 2016/2017 Change (%)
    2015/2016-2016/2017
    Province or territory
    Newfoundland and Labrador 186.3 188.2 215.7 234.8 231.8 -1.5%
    Prince Edward Island 52.8 58.6 68.4 72.7 71.9 -1.1%
    Nova Scotia 350.7 377.4 443.2 447.4 447.1 -0.1%
    New Brunswick 272.2 305.5 350.8 350.2 352.8 +0.7%
    Quebec 2,953.9 3,133.3 3,760.6 4,101.7 4,156.8 +1.3%
    Ontario 4,766.3 5,184.0 6,477.8 6,945.4 7,024.5 +1.1%
    Manitoba 502.4 519.1 585.0 634.8 635.2 +0.1%
    Saskatchewan 462.4 455.7 497.1 573.4 569.0 -0.8%
    Alberta 1,176.6 1,414.8 1,936.0 2,295.9 2,263.3 -1.4%
    British Columbia 1,338.7 1,825.2 2,159.5 2,322.9 2,401.4 +3.4%
    Yukon2 n/a3 15.8 17.2 19.4 20.7 +6.8%
    Northwest Territories2 n/a n/a 23.2 22.1 22.3 +0.6%
    Nunavut2 n/a n/a 9.0 12.8 13.5 +5.9%
    Gender
    Men 6,896.1 7,338.6 8,720.8 9,434.6 9,496.2 +0.7%
    Women 5,165.9 6,123.2 7,773.4 8,544.4 8,657.1 +1.3%
    Age
    15 – 24 years 2,580.0 2,053.3 2,556.7 2,458.9 2,430.8 -1.1%
    25 – 54 years 8,250.2 10,120.4 11,564.1 11,876.6 11,946.0 +0.6%
    55 years and older 1,231.9 1,288.2 2,373.3 3,643.7 3,776.7 +3.7%
    Educational attainment
    Less than high school4 n/a 2,589.4 2,237.1 1,647.4 1,592.4 -3.3%
    High school diploma5 n/a 4,171.2 4,719.3 4,599.2 4,631.2 +0.7%
    Post-secondary certificate or diploma6 n/a 4,253.6 5,709.8 6,479.0 6,488.2 +0.1%
    University degree7 n/a 2,447.6 3,828.1 5,253.4 5,441.5 +3.6%
    Industry
    Goods-producing industries 3,563.2 3,493.8 3,980.4 3,870.7 3,823.1 -1.2%
    Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting n/a 530.9 431.6 357.5 350.2 -2.0%
    Mining and oil and gas extraction n/a 180.6 252.6 287.2 260.1 -9.4%
    Utilities 112.7 123.3 123.3 137.1 137.0 -0.1%
    Construction 671.5 714.1 1,076.8 1,371.2 1,389.9 +1.4%
    Manufacturing 2,024.4 1,945.0 2,096.1 1,717.9 1,685.9 -1.9%
    Services-producing industries 8,498.9 9,968.0 12,513.8 14,108.3 14,330.3 +1.6%
    Wholesale trade n/a 444.0 603.5 671.0 687.4 +2.4%
    Retail trade n/a 1,652.6 2,024.5 2,064.9 2,068.8 +0.2%
    Transportation and warehousing 625.9 676.1 801.7 914.8 913.1 -0.2%
    Finance and insurance n/a 613.2 736.6 792.6 821.2 +3.6%
    Real estate and rental and leasing n/a 251.6 302.8 315.5 320.2 +1.5%
    Professional, scientific and technical services 459.1 723.7 1,080.3 1,376.4 1,398.8 +1.6%
    Business, building and other support services8 279.0 425.2 688.0 765.1 767.0 +0.2%
    Educational services 758.7 909.1 1,160.1 1,270.0 1,274.7 +0.4%
    Health care and social assistance 1,111.8 1,388.8 1,797.9 2,311.3 2,346.7 +1.5%
    Information, culture and recreation9 477.7 578.5 745.3 753.8 788.6 +4.6%
    Accommodation and food services 695.9 847.2 1,035.4 1,201.9 1,218.5 +1.4%
    Other services (except public administration) 615.9 652.8 702.3 762.5 781.7 +2.5%
    Public administration 780.5 805.0 835.2 908.6 943.4 +3.8%
    Employment type
    Full-time employment10 10,024.0 10,889.1 13,493.5 14,589.5 14,660.7 +0.5%
    Part-time employment11 2,038.0 2,572.8 3,000.7 3,389.5 3,492.7 +3.0%
    Class of worker
    Employees 10,401.9 11,258.6 13,983.2 15,210.3 15,393.0 +1.2%
    Public sector employees 2,614.2 2,676.2 3,181.6 3,603.2 3,603.2 +1.1%
    Private sector employees 7,787.7 8,582.4 10,801.6 11,607.0 11,751.9 +1.2%
    Self-employed 1,660.1 2,203.3 2,511.0 2,768.8 2,760.3 -0.3%
    Job permanency
    Employees 10,401.9 11,258.6 13,983.2 15,210.3 15,393.0 +1.2%
    Permanent employees12 n/a n/a n/a 13,187.7 13,187.7 +1.2%
    Temporary employees13 n/a n/a n/a 2,022.5 2,022.5 +1.4%
    Canada 12,062.0 13,461.9 16,494.2 17,979.1 18,153.4 +1.0%
    • Note: Data may not add up to the total due to rounding. Percentage change is based on unrounded numbers. Fiscal year data in this annex are the annual average of unadjusted monthly estimates produced by Statistics Canada.
    • 1 The years reviewed in this annex prior to 2016 to 2017 correspond to the immediate previous year and in decrements of ten years in the past, in order to compare changes in these indicators over a longer period of time.
    • 2 Data in other categories (that is,. data by gender, age, educational attainment, industry, employment type, class of workers and job permanency) excludes territorial data.
    • 3 All years and groupings in these annexes where the use of N/A appears refers to data not being available or applicable for the year referenced, as this data was not reported for the year, group or EI benefit referenced.
    • 4 Includes zero to eight years of education and some high school.
    • 5 Includes high school graduates and some post-secondary education (not completed).
    • 6 Includes certificates (including trade certificates) or diplomas from an educational institution beyond the secondary level, which comprise certificates from a vocational school, apprenticeship training, community college, collège d'enseignement général et professionnel (cégep) and school of nursing. Also included are certificates below a bachelor's degree obtained at a university.
    • 7 Includes at least a university bachelor's degree.
    • 8 This industry combines codes 55 (management of companies and enterprises) and 56 (administrative and support, waste management and remediation services) from the North American Industry Classification System.
    • 9 This industry combines codes 51 (information and cultural industries) and 71 (arts, entertainment and recreation) from the North American Industry Classification System.
    • 10 Full-time employment consists of persons who usually work 30 hours or more per week at their main or only job.
    • 11 Part-time employment consists of persons who usually work less than 30 hours per week at their main or only job.
    • 12 A permanent job is one that is expected to last as long as the employee wants it, if business conditions permit—that is, there is no predetermined end date.
    • 13 A temporary job has a predetermined end date or will end as soon as a specified project is completed. This category includes seasonal jobs; temporary, term or contract jobs, including work done through a temporary help agency; casual jobs; and other temporary work.
    • Sources: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey, CANSIM tables 282-0003 (for data by educational attainment), 282-0007 (for data by industry), 282-0011 (for data by class of workers), 282-0079 (for data by job permanency), 282-0087 (for data specific to provinces, by gender, age and employment type), and 282-0100 (for data specific to territories).
  • Annex 1.4 – Job vacancies by province or territory, educational level sought, industry, job type, job permanency and vacancy duration (levels in thousands)
      Job vacancies
    2015/2016 2016/2017 Change (%)
    2015/2016-2016/2017
    Province or territory
    Newfoundland and Labrador 4.6 3.6 -22.9%
    Prince Edward Island 1.5 1.3 -10.7%
    Nova Scotia 9.9 8.4 -14.5%
    New Brunswick 7.3 6.5 -10.5%
    Quebec 59.2 66.3 +11.9%
    Ontario 155.7 168.5 +8.2%
    Manitoba 12.3 11.2 -8.8%
    Saskatchewan 11.9 9.0 -24.2%
    Alberta 56.5 43.0 -23.8%
    British Columbia 65.9 72.7 +10.4%
    Yukon 0.6 0.6 -13.1%
    Northwest Territories 0.8 0.6 -32.3%
    Nunavut 0.4 0.3 -21.0%
    Minimum level of education sought
    No minimum level of education sought 138.4 130.8 -5.5%
    High school diploma or equivalent 107.0 113.0 +5.6%
    Apprenticeship or trade certificate or diploma 32.3 32.2 -0.3%
    Post-secondary certificate or diploma1 97.2 100.3 +3.2%
    University degree2 43.9 47.9 +9.1%
    Industry
    Goods-producing industries 69.7 71.4 +2.5%
    Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 10.3 10.2 -0.3%
    Mining and oil and gas extraction 2.2 2.7 +25.5%
    Utilities 1.2 1.1 -3.7%
    Construction 25.6 25.5 -0.4%
    Manufacturing 30.5 31.8 +4.4%
    Services-producing industries 316.7 320.5 +2.5%
    Wholesale trade 15.5 15.7 +0.8%
    Retail trade 60.2 55.0 -8.6%
    Transportation and warehousing 17.4 18.6 +6.6%
    Finance and insurance 17.7 20.6 +15.9%
    Real estate and rental and leasing 5.1 5.5 +7.9%
    Professional, scientific and technical services 23.8 26.1 +9.8%
    Business, building and other support services3 32.3 34.2 +5.9%
    Educational services 9.5 10.2 +7.6%
    Health care and social assistance 35.5 39.1 +10.3%
    Information, culture and recreation4 19.3 17.3 -10.1%
    Accommodation and food services 56.4 53.5 -5.1%
    Other services (except public administration) 16.8 17.4 +3.3%
    Public administration 7.3 7.4 +1.6%
    Job vacancy type
    Full-time positions5 262.4 267.9 +2.1%
    Part-time positions6 124.1 124.0 0.0%
    Job permanency      
    Permanent positions7 288.9 294.3 +1.9%
    Temporary positions8 97.5 97.6 +0.1%
    Seasonal positions9 66.9 67.7 +1.2%
    Job vacancy duration
    Constantly recruiting 80.6 74.8 -7.2%
    Less than 15 days 110.9 106.5 -4.0%
    15 to 29 days 83.4 85.8 +2.9%
    30 to 59 days 58.3 62.6 +7.4%
    60 to 89 days 20.8 22.9 +10.3%
    90 days or more 32.5 39.3 +20.8%
    Canada 386.4 391.9 +1.4%
    • Note: Data may not add up to the total due to rounding. Percentage change is based on unrounded numbers. Fiscal year data in this annex are the annual average of unadjusted monthly estimates produced by Statistics Canada.
    • 1 Includes certificates (including trade certificates) or diplomas from an educational institution beyond the secondary level, which comprise certificates from a vocational school, apprenticeship training, community college, collège d'enseignement général et professionnel (cégep) and school of nursing. Also included are certificates below a bachelor's degree obtained at a university.
    • 2 Bachelor's degree or above.
    • 3 This industry combines codes 55 (management of companies and enterprises) and 56 (administrative and support, waste management and remediation services) from the North American Industry Classification System.
    • 4 This industry combines codes 51 (information and cultural industries) and 71 (arts, entertainment and recreation) from the North American Industry Classification System.
    • 5 A full-time vacant position consists of position which requires 30 or more hours of work per week.
    • 6 A part-time vacant position consists of position which requires less than 30 hours of work per week.
    • 7 A permanent position consists of a position which is expected to last as long as the employee wants it, given that business conditions permit. That is, there is no pre-determined termination date.
    • 8 A temporary position consists of a position which has a predetermined end date, or will end as soon as a specified project is completed.
    • 9 A seasonal position is a temporary position which is linked to a recurring event (for example, public holidays) or time of the year (for example, summertime).
    • Sources: Statistics Canada, Job Vacancy and Wage Survey, CANSIM tables 285-0002 (for data by industry and province or territory) and 285-0004 (for data by level of education sought, job vacancy type, job permanency and job vacancy duration).
  • Annex 1.5 – Job vacancy rates by province or territory and industry
      Job vacancy rate (%)
    2015/2016 2016/2017 Change (% Points)
    2015/2016-2016/2017
    Province or territory
    Newfoundland and Labrador 2.2% 1.7% -0.5
    Prince Edward Island 2.4% 2.2% -0.2
    Nova Scotia 2.5% 2.1% -0.4
    New Brunswick 2.5% 2.2% -0.3
    Quebec 1.8% 1.9% +0.1
    Ontario 2.6% 2.8% +0.2
    Manitoba 2.1% 1.9% -0.2
    Saskatchewan 2.5% 1.9% -0.6
    Alberta 2.8% 2.2% -0.6
    British Columbia 3.2% 3.4% +0.2
    Yukon 3.8% 3.2% -0.6
    Northwest Territories 3.5% 2.5% -1.0
    Nunavut 3.3% 2.7% -0.6
    Industry
    Goods-producing industries 2.3% 2.3% 0.0
    Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 4.8% 1.7% -0.1
    Mining and oil and gas extraction 1.0% 1.4% +0.4
    Utilities 1.0% 0.9% -0.1
    Construction 2.6% 2.6% 0.0
    Manufacturing 2.0% 2.1% +0.1
    Services-producing industries 2.6% 2.6% 0.0
    Wholesale trade 2.0% 2.0% 0.0
    Retail trade 3.0% 2.7% -0.3
    Transportation and warehousing 2.4% 2.5% +0.1
    Finance and insurance 2.4% 2.8% +0.4
    Real estate and rental and leasing 1.7% 1.8% +0.1
    Professional, scientific and technical services 2.7% 2.9% +0.2
    Business, building and other support services1 3.5% 3.7% +0.2
    Educational services 0.8% 0.8% 0.0
    Health care and social assistance 1.9% 2.0% +0.1
    Information, culture and recreation2 3.1% 2.7% -0.4
    Accommodation and food services 4.4% 4.0% -0.4
    Other services (except public administration) 3.0% 3.1% +0.1
    Public administration 1.5% 1.5% 0.0
    Canada 2.5% 2.5% 0.0
    • Note: Percentage change is based on unrounded numbers. Fiscal year data in this annex are the annual average of unadjusted quarterly estimates produced by Statistics Canada.
    • 1 This industry combines codes 55 (management of companies and enterprises) and 56 (administrative and support, waste management and remediation services) from the North American Industry Classification System.
    • 2 This industry combines codes 51 (information and cultural industries) and 71 (arts, entertainment and recreation) from the North American Industry Classification System.
    • Source: Statistics Canada, Job Vacancy and Wage Survey, CANSIM table 285-0002.
  • Annex 1.6 – Unemployment by province or territory, gender, age, educational attainment, industry, reason for unemployment and unemployment duration (levels in thousands)
    Unemployment1
    1986/1987 1996/1997 2006/2007 2015/2016 2016/2017 Change (%)
    2015/2016 -2016/2017
    Province or territory
    Newfoundland and Labrador 43.2 44.3 36.7 35.7 36.6 +2.5%
    Prince Edward Island 7.8 10.5 8.2 8.5 8.4 -1.2%
    Nova Scotia 54.5 54.7 37.7 42.1 39.6 -5.9%
    New Brunswick 44.5 42.3 31.4 37.9 35.8 -5.5%
    Quebec 354.7 422.2 323.6 339.2 302.7 -10.8%
    Ontario 349.5 512.7 438.8 502.2 483.5 -3.7%
    Manitoba 41.1 39.9 26.7 38.6 41.1 +6.5%
    Saskatchewan 37.7 30.3 22.6 32.7 38.7 +18.3%
    Alberta 136.9 99.9 70.2 163.5 206.3 +26.2%
    British Columbia 197.6 171.3 103.5 157.0 145.9 -7.1%
    Yukon2 n/a 2.0 0.7 1.3 1.2 -9.8%
    Northwest Territories2 n/a n/a 1.3 2.0 1.7 -15.0%
    Nunavut2 n/a n/a 1.0 2.7 2.3 -15.1%
    Gender
    Men 712.9 801.2 607.1 781.0 767.9 -1.7%
    Women 554.7 626.9 492.3 576.3 570.7 -1.0%
    Age
    15 – 24 years 432.3 378.7 332.8 374.6 364.2 -2.8%
    25 – 54 years 745.6 947.3 638.3 754.4 733.2 -2.8%
    55 years and older 89.7 102.1 128.3 228.3 241.1 +5.6%
    Educational attainment
    Less than high school3 n/a 472.4 313.3 269.1 255.0 -5.2%
    High school diploma4 n/a 452.8 329.2 420.3 409.3 -2.6%
    Post-secondary certificate or diploma5 n/a 369.8 304.4 400.9 396.4 -1.1%
    University degree6 n/a 133.1 152.4 267.0 277.7 +4.0%
    Industry7
    Goods-producing industries 358.6 318.1 262.0 282.7 263.6 -6.8%
    Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting n/a 48.2 33.6 27.1 27.7 +2.2%
    Mining and oil and gas extraction n/a 11.9 10.4 29.7 23.4 -21.2%
    Utilities8 3.4 2.8 n/a n/a n/a n/a
    Construction 120.2 113.1 86.7 135.8 127.2 -6.3%
    Manufacturing 157.2 142.1 129.2 86.8 82.7 -4.7%
    Services-producing industries 600.4 590.8 490.5 573.3 562.8 -1.8%
    Wholesale trade n/a 24.6 21.7 25.0 27.8 +11.2%
    Retail trade n/a 107.7 85.2 103.8 90.0 -13.4%
    Transportation and warehousing 41.8 38.5 30.9 38.9 36.2 -6.9%
    Finance and insurance n/a 15.6 12.0 13.9 18.7 +34.5%
    Real estate and rental and leasing n/a 11.3 8.6 10.8 9.9 -8.3%
    Professional, scientific and technical services 30.4 34.1 32.0 46.6 46.9 +0.6%
    Business, building and other support services9 42.0 49.1 59.0 62.1 63.3 +1.9%
    Educational services 30.1 39.8 39.4 45.6 45.5 -0.2%
    Health care and social assistance 45.3 50.5 32.5 41.4 42.1 +1.7%
    Information, culture and recreation10 39.5 43.1 40.9 45.8 44.3 -3.3%
    Accommodation and food services 95.8 85.7 77.0 86.4 82.5 -4.5%
    Other services (except public administration) 52.5 49.2 28.8 31.0 33.4 +7.7%
    Public administration 47.8 41.7 22.6 22.0 22.1 +0.5%
    Unclassified industries11 308.7 519.3 346.9 501.3 512.0 +2.1%
    Reason for unemployment
    People who have left their job 277.3 231.0 253.5 237.4 239.9 +1.1%
    People who have lost their job 681.6 677.9 499.0 618.6 586.6 -5.2%
    People who have not worked in the last year or who have never worked 308.7 519.3 346.9 501.3 512.0 +2.1%
    Duration of unemployment12      
    1 to 4 weeks 355.9 422.2 435.9 459.5 446.9 -2.7%
    5 to 13 weeks 338.0 344.4 304.7 364.1 359.8 -1.2%
    14 to 26 weeks 246.2 241.5 148.9 222.9 214.1 -3.9%
    27 to 51 weeks 168.9 151.1 63.8 109.1 109.1 0.0%
    52 weeks or more 131.9 233.5 88.2 147.0 156.0 +6.1%
    Duration unknown13 26.6 35.5 57.9 54.7 52.5 -4.0%
    Canada 1,267.6 1,428.2 1,099.4 1,357.3 1,338.5 -1.4%
    • Note: Data may not add up to the total due to rounding. Percentage change is based on unrounded numbers. Fiscal year data in this annex are the annual average of unadjusted monthly estimates produced by Statistics Canada.
    • 1 The years reviewed in this annex prior to 2016 to 2017 correspond to the immediate previous year and in decrements of ten years in the past, in order to compare changes in these indicators over a longer period of time.
    • 2 Data in other categories (that is, data by gender, age, educational attainment, industry, employment type, class of workers and job permanency) excludes territorial data.
    • 3 Includes zero to eight years of education and some high school.
    • 4 Includes high school graduates and some post-secondary education (not completed).
    • 5 Includes certificates (including trade certificates) or diplomas from an educational institution beyond the secondary level, which comprise certificates from a vocational school, apprenticeship training, community college, collège d'enseignement général et professionnel (cégep) and school of nursing. Also included are certificates below a bachelor's degree obtained at a university.
    • 6 Includes at least a university bachelor's degree.
    • 7 Information is provided for the last job held, providing the person worked within the previous twelve months.
    • 8 Monthly data that are confidential under the Statistics Act are excluded from the calculation of the annual average.
    • 9 This industry combines codes 55 (management of companies and enterprises) and 56 (administrative and support, waste management and remediation services) from the North American Industry Classification System.
    • 10 This industry combines codes 51 (information and cultural industries) and 71 (arts, entertainment and recreation) from the North American Industry Classification System.
    • 11 People who have not worked in the last year or who have never worked are not classified as belonging to any industry.
    • 12 Duration of unemployment is the number of continuous weeks during which a person has been without work and is looking for work, or is on temporary layoff.
    • 13 Duration of unemployment is not reported for unemployed people who reported having a job to start in the next four weeks under the Labour Force Survey.
    • Sources: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey, CANSIM tables 282-0003 (for data by educational attainment), 282-0007 (for data by industry), 282-0047 (for data by duration of unemployment), 282-0216 (for data by reason for unemployment), 282-0087 (for data specific to provinces, by gender, age and employment type), and 282-0100 (for data specific to territories).
  • Annex 1.7 – Unemployment rate by province or territory, gender, age, educational Attainment and industry
    Unemployment rate (%)1
    1986/1987 1996/1997 2006/2007 2015/2016 2016/2017 Change
    (% Points)
    2015/2016-2016/2017
    Province or territory
    Newfoundland and Labrador 18.9% 19.1% 14.6% 13.3% 13.7% +0.4
    Prince Edward Island 12.9% 15.3% 10.8% 10.5% 10.6% +0.1
    Nova Scotia 13.5% 12.7% 7.8% 8.6% 8.1% -0.5
    New Brunswick 14.1% 12.2% 8.2% 9.8% 9.2% -0.6
    Quebec 10.7% 11.9% 7.9% 7.7% 6.8% -0.9
    Ontario 6.8% 9.0% 6.3% 6.7% 6.4% -0.3
    Manitoba 7.6% 7.1% 4.4% 5.8% 6.1% +0.3
    Saskatchewan 7.5% 6.2% 4.3% 5.4% 6.4% +1.0
    Alberta 10.4% 6.6% 3.5% 6.6% 8.3% +1.7
    British Columbia 12.9% 8.6% 4.6% 6.3% 5.7% -0.6
    Yukon2 n/a 11.1% 3.9% 6.2% 5.3% -0.9
    Northwest Territories2 n/a n/a 5.1% 8.3% 7.1% -1.2
    Nunavut2 n/a n/a 10.4% 17.1% 14.3% -2.9
    Gender
    Men 9.4% 9.9% 6.5% 7.6% 7.5% -0.1
    Women 9.7% 9.3% 5.9% 6.3% 6.2% -0.1
    Age
    15 – 24 years 14.4% 15.6% 11.5% 13.2% 13.0% -0.2
    25 – 54 years 8.3% 8.5% 5.2% 6.0% 5.8% -0.2
    55 years and older 6.8% 7.3% 5.1% 5.9% 6.0% +0.1
    Educational attainment
    Less than high school3 n/a 15.4% 12.3% 14.0% 13.8% -0.2
    High school diploma4 n/a 9.8% 6.5% 8.4% 8.1% -0.3
    Post-secondary certificate or diploma5 n/a 8.0% 5.1% 5.8% 5.8% -0.1
    University degree6 n/a 5.2% 3.8% 4.8% 4.9% 0.0
    Industry
    Goods-producing industries 9.2% 8.4% 6.2% 6.8% 6.5% -0.3
    Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting n/a 8.3% 7.2% 7.0% 7.3% +0.3
    Mining and oil and gas extraction n/a 6.2% 4.0% 9.4% 8.2% -1.2
    Utilities7 3.0% 2.2% n/a n/a n/a n/a
    Construction 15.3% 13.8% 7.5% 9.1% 8.4% -0.7
    Manufacturing 7.2% 6.8% 5.8% 4.8% 4.7% -0.1
    Services-producing industries 6.6% 5.6% 3.8% 3.9% 3.8% -0.1
    Wholesale trade n/a 5.2% 3.5% 3.6% 3.9% +0.3
    Retail trade n/a 6.1% 4.0% 4.8% 4.2% -0.6
    Transportation and warehousing 6.3% 5.4% 3.7% 4.1% 3.8% -0.3
    Finance and insurance n/a 2.5% 1.6% 1.7% 2.2% +0.5
    Real estate and rental and leasing n/a 4.3% 2.8% 3.3% 3.0% -0.3
    Professional, scientific and technical services 6.2% 4.5% 2.9% 3.3% 3.3% 0.0
    Business, building and other support services8 13.1% 10.4% 7.9% 7.5% 7.6% +0.1
    Educational services 3.9% 4.3% 3.4% 3.6% 3.6% 0.0
    Health care and social assistance 3.9% 3.5% 1.8% 1.8% 1.8% 0.0
    Information, culture and recreation9 7.6% 6.9% 5.2% 5.8% 5.4% -0.4
    Accommodation and food services 12.1% 9.2% 6.9% 6.7% 6.3% -0.4
    Other services (except public administration) 7.9% 7.0% 3.9% 3.9% 4.1% +0.2
    Public administration 5.8% 4.9% 2.6% 2.4% 2.3% -0.1
    Canada 9.5% 9.6% 6.3% 7.0% 6.9% -0.1
    • Note: Percentage change is based on unrounded numbers. Fiscal year data in this annex are the annual average of unadjusted monthly estimates produced by Statistics Canada.
    • 1 The years reviewed in this annex prior to 2016 to 2017 correspond to the immediate previous year and in decrements of ten years in the past, in order to compare changes in these indicators over a longer period of time.
    • 2 Data specific to territories are not included in the official total for Canada. Data in other categories (that is, data by gender, age, educational attainment, industry, employment type, class of workers and job permanency) also excludes territorial data.
    • 3 Includes zero to eight years of education and some high school.
    • 4 Includes high school graduates and some post-secondary education (not completed).
    • 5 Includes certificates (including trade certificates) or diplomas from an educational institution beyond the secondary level, which comprise certificates from a vocational school, apprenticeship training, community college, collège d'enseignement général et professionnel (cégep) and school of nursing. Also included are certificates below a bachelor's degree obtained at a university.
    • 6 Includes at least a university bachelor's degree.
    • 7 Monthly data that are confidential under the Statistics Act are excluded from the calculation of the annual average.
    • 8 This industry combines codes 55 (management of companies and enterprises) and 56 (administrative and support, waste management and remediation services) from the North American Industry Classification System.
    • 9 This industry combines codes 51 (information and cultural industries) and 71 (arts, entertainment and recreation) from the North American Industry Classification System.
    • Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey, CANSIM tables 282-0003 (for data by educational attainment), 282-0007 (for data by industry), and 282-0087 (for data specific to provinces, by gender, age and employment type), and 282-0100 (for data specific to territories).
  • Annex 1.8 – Duration of unemployment by province, gender and age (number of weeks)
    Average duration of unemployment1, 2
    2007/
    2008    		 2008/
    2009    		 2009/
    2010    		 2010/
    2011    		 2011/
    2012    		 2012/
    2013    		 2013/
    2014    		 2014/
    2015    		 2015/
    2016    		 2016/
    2017    		 Change (in weeks)
    2015/2016 - 2016/2017
    Province
    Newfoundland and Labrador 16.4 17.3 17.3 16.8 17.6 16.9 16.8 17.2 17.6 17.9 +0.3
    Prince Edward Island 12.2 14.0 14.7 14.4 12.5 13.7 15.9 16.2 15.6 14.0 -1.6
    Nova Scotia 14.8 13.8 16.5 19.2 17.3 17.2 19.9 19.3 19.0 18.3 -0.7
    New Brunswick 11.6 15.1 14.9 18.0 17.2 16.5 19.5 19.6 18.5 19.5 +1.0
    Quebec 19.1 18.1 19.4 20.8 22.8 23.3 23.9 23.5 23.5 21.8 -1.7
    Ontario 14.8 14.9 20.1 22.5 22.6 22.0 22.0 21.6 20.0 20.2 +0.2
    Manitoba 12.6 11.3 12.7 14.9 15.0 16.3 17.2 16.2 17.0 18.0 +1.0
    Saskatchewan 10.6 9.7 12.1 15.8 15.5 15.2 14.3 13.3 13.2 17.8 +4.6
    Alberta 9.1 8.5 14.9 17.9 15.8 13.1 14.3 14.1 15.5 21.9 +6.4
    British Columbia 13.8 12.2 16.7 18.7 21.7 19.4 20.7 19.8 18.9 18.4 -0.5
    Gender
    Men 16.8 15.9 19.3 21.6 22.7 21.2 21.9 21.5 20.8 21.6 +0.8
    Women 13.5 13.6 16.9 18.9 19.2 19.9 20.3 19.5 18.5 18.5 0.0
    Age
    15 – 24 years 7.8 7.9 10.4 11.0 11.3 11.4 12.1 12.1 11.2 11.4 +0.2
    25 – 54 years 18.0 16.9 20.0 22.7 22.9 23.2 23.1 22.6 21.5 21.5 0.0
    55 years and older 22.1 23.1 29.6 30.6 34.2 29.9 31.0 29.9 28.8 30.3 +1.5
    Canada 15.3 14.9 18.4 20.4 21.1 20.6 21.1 20.6 19.8 20.3 +0.5
    • Note: Percentage change is based on unrounded numbers. Totals may not add up due to rounding.
    • 1 Duration of unemployment is the number of continuous weeks during which a person has been without work and is looking for work, or is on temporary layoff.
    • 2 Prior to 1997, Statistics Canada top-coded data on duration of unemployment on the Labour Force Survey (LFS) to 99 weeks. This restriction no longer applies with the questionnaire of the 1997 LFS. As a result, Statistics Canada provides two sets of statistics for the average duration of unemployment: a) one set with no upper limit to length of unemployment that begins in 1997; and b) one set top-coded to 99 weeks that begins in 1976. Starting with the Employment Insurance Monitoring and Assessment Report 2014 to 2015, figures on the average duration of employment is based on data with no upper limit regarding duration of unemployment; data from previous years have been restated to reflect this change. The previous reporting methodology was based on data with an upper limit of 99 weeks.
    • Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey, CANSIM table 282-0047.

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