Towards Canada’s 2030 Agenda National Strategy

What Canadians are saying

"We feel that companies are in a good position to help achieve the SDGs, particularly through economic growth, the use of clean energy, employment, innovation, infrastructure and waste management." (Quebec Business Council on the Environment)

"We call for the Government of Canada to take bold and ambitious action toward achieving the SDGs in ways that empower young people by actively involving them in all stages of the process." (Youth Climate Lab)

"Localization of the 2030 Agenda requires continued partnership with historically marginalized communities, including Indigenous communities, at all levels of government, including provincial, territorial, and municipal levels." (British Columbia Council for International Cooperation)

"Engage people with lived experience to ensure marginalized populations are represented." (Community Foundations of Canada)

"Facilitate the creation of safe and inclusive spaces for engagement on the 2030 Agenda, including working in partnership with a range of diverse stakeholders that are best placed to engage different stakeholders." (Ontario Council for International Cooperation)

"Moving forward in a sustainable way requires us all to think constantly about what we owe to each other and to future generations. We need to frame our expectations of what living a good life means in the context of planetary limits and a holistic understanding of prosperity." (Sustainable Development Solutions Network Canada)

Figure 1 - Text version

Infographic describing engagement with Canadians

We heard from a diverse range of stakeholders including all levels of government, Indigenous peoples, municipalities, civil society, the private sector, academia, and youth across Canada.

• Over 2,500 Canadians engaged in face-to-face conversation in 30+ cities in 13 provinces and territories
• More than 240 youth participated in policy jams, research studios and pop-up labs and reached over 40,000 more through online channels.
• Over 500 Canadian companies and organizations shared their perspectives on SDG business priorities

Indigenous engagement

• 200+ Indigenous people and community members participated in community-led events
• 11 In-person meetings with Indigenous organizations

The SDG Funding Program directly supported

• 65+ In-person conversations
• 60+ Indigenous peoples consulted
• 40+ Community consultations
• 20+ Policy briefs
• 1 Movement map of 11,000+ Canadian organizations whose work supports the SDGs

Online engagement platform

• 1817 total visitors
• Top 3 engaged pages by number of visitors: National Strategy, 568 visitors; Leave no one behind, 428; Our challenge, 421.

Social media

• 500+ online survey submissions
• 87, 500 twitter impressions
• 114 Facebook likes
• There are 17 #SustainableDevelopmentGoals to make our world a better place. Which ones matter to you the most? #Can2030Agenda

What is sustainable development?

Sustainable development is defined under the Federal Sustainable Development Act, the legislation that requires the government to prepare and report on the Federal Sustainable Development Strategy every three years.

In defining federal environmental sustainability commitments and actions, the FSDS will contribute to the broader whole-of-society 2030 Agenda National Strategy.

While the FSDS and the 2030 Agenda National Strategy are different, they reinforce each other. The FSDS supports Canada's overall response to the 2030 Agenda from an environmental perspective, and contributes at the federal level to the broader whole-of-society implementation of the SDGs.

The Act defines sustainable development as:

"Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs."

The 2030 Agenda recognizes that sustainable development moves beyond essential environmental concerns and encompasses all three interconnected dimensions of sustainable development—environmental, social and economic. Sustainable development is an approach to all aspects of human activity.

Sustainable development not only ensures the planet's health for future generations, it also includes economic stability and vibrant, healthy communities.

The Sustainable Development Goals

At the heart of the 2030 Agenda are its SDGs, 17 indivisible goals with 169 targets and more than 230 indicators. To achieve the SDGs, they would best be implemented in an integrated manner that recognizes how the economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainable development are mutually reinforcing; failure in one area could lead to failure in others.

Efforts have been made to better understand the linkages and inter-relationships that exist between the SDGs. For example, dealing with the threat of climate change impacts how fragile natural resources are managed and used. Achieving food security and improved health outcomes help to eradicate poverty. Fostering peaceful and inclusive societies could reduce inequalities and help economies prosper.

The 2030 Agenda also recognizes the central role that achieving gender equality and empowering all women and girls plays in realizing all 17 SDGs, which is why it is not only a stand-alone goal (SDG 5) but also one that is integrated into the targets and indicators of all 17 SDGs. Sustainable development cannot be achieved if half of humanity continues to be left behind.

Understanding these linkages is necessary for building integrated strategies and policies that create connections between different goals and for better understanding the tensions and potential trade-offs among them. It is a common misconception that economic growth and environmental protection are at odds, that a choice must be made between stimulating growth and creating jobs, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Canadian experience shows that the economy can grow, society can develop and the environment can be protected, all at the same time. All three aspects of sustainable development—economic, social, and environmental—are essential.

Federal leadership and cooperation

At the federal level, an important first step is making sure that effective leadership and governance structures are in place to coordinate and monitor progress. To this end, the Minister of Families, Children and Social Development has the overall responsibility to lead Canada’s implementation of the 2030 Agenda in close collaboration with all other ministers and their departments. Additionally, the Minister of International Development will champion Canada’s international efforts to advance progress on the SDGs, including through support to international organizations and development partners.

All federal ministers, departments and agencies are accountable for supporting the development of the national strategy and implementing the 2030 Agenda and its SDGs within their areas of responsibility. This shared collaboration across the Government of Canada will help to ensure that Canada’s commitment to the 2030 Agenda remains focused on effective implementation from now until 2030. Officials across federal departments and agencies will work together to integrate the SDGs into their work, engage with stakeholders and report on progress made on the SDGs within their purview. 

To support a whole-of-Canada approach, the Government of Canada has established an SDG Unit to coordinate efforts, raise awareness, monitor and report on Canada’s implementation of the 2030 Agenda.

Policy coherence

Due to the indivisible and interconnected nature of the SDGs, an effective implementation of the 2030 Agenda requires greater policy coherence and integration in order to promote mutually reinforcing policy actions and avoid a duplication of efforts.

As an important first step to achieving policy coherence, the Government of Canada is mapping existing federal policies, programs and initiatives against the SDGs. This entails identifying both the policies that are most relevant to each of the SDGs and associated targets, and the linkages between policies contributing to one or more SDGs. Federal departments and agencies are undergoing an examination of how their policies and programs contribute to the 2030 Agenda’s goals and targets to identify gaps and areas where action is required.

Policy coherence between Canada’s domestic and international actions is also essential for achieving the 2030 Agenda. Recognizing the interconnected nature of the SDGs and the linkages between Canadian actions and progress at local, national, regional and global levels, policy coherence will support more integrated approaches to addressing sustainable development challenges.

What is policy coherence?

Policy coherence for sustainable development is an approach and policy tool used to integrate the economic, social, environmental and governance dimensions of sustainable development at all stages of domestic and international policy making. It aims to increase governments’ capacities to achieve the following objectives:

• foster synergies across economic, social and environmental policy areas;
• identify trade-offs and reconcile domestic policy objectives with internationally agreed objectives; and
• address the spillovers of domestic policies.^{Footnote 3}

Provincial and territorial governments

As a federation, the responsibility for sustainable development in Canada is a shared one, and all levels of government contribute significantly to achieving the 2030 Agenda. Actions taken on the SDGs at the federal level are intended to complement and support initiatives taken by other Canadian jurisdictions.

Canada’s provinces lead the delivery of numerous policy areas, such as education, skills development, health systems, justice, social services, road safety, affordable housing and sustainable infrastructure. They also have primary responsibility for postsecondary education. They are key drivers of the economy and important investors in research and development. Canada’s three territories have many of the same responsibilities regarding social services, the administration of justice, and increasingly, land and onshore natural resource management.

In this respect, provincial and territorial government policy makers and regulators play an important role in advancing sustainable development in Canada. Each province and territory has a key part to play in supporting Canada’s progress on the SDGs, including measuring their progress and reporting on their areas of responsibility. The Government of Canada will continue to engage with the provinces and territories through existing forums like the Federal-Provincial-Territorial Ministers’ Roundtables to identify opportunities for collaboration and for sharing best practices on the SDGs.

Indigenous governments and peoples

The Government of Canada is committed to renewed nation-to-nation, Inuit–Crown and government-to-government relationships with First Nations, Inuit and Métis based on the recognition of rights, respect, cooperation and partnership. This commitment is informed by section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982, the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP), the Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s (TRC) calls to action and the final report of the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls, including:

• recognizing Indigenous peoples’ right to self-determination;
• adopting a distinctions-based approach;
• respecting Indigenous peoples’ constitutionally protected interest in their traditional lands and resources;
• acknowledging Indigenous peoples’ inherent jurisdiction over matters that directly impact their socio-economic and cultural well-being; and,
• consulting and engaging meaningfully with First Nations, Inuit and Métis peoples by taking the time necessary to work with national Indigenous partners to determine how best to reflect the contributions of Indigenous peoples to the 2030 Agenda.

Indigenous self-government is part of Canada’s evolving system of cooperative federalism and distinct orders of government. Because modern treaty and self-government agreement holders exercise rights and jurisdiction in a number of areas that include education, health and lands, they have a key role to play in developing and implementing SDGs. Canada has signed 25 modern treaties spanning more than 40% of Canada’s land mass; 22 agreements include self-government or are accompanied by self-government agreements. Canada is also signatory to four stand-alone self-government agreements and two sector self-government agreements in education. More modern treaties, self-government and rights-based agreements will be signed in the coming years.

Collaboration with Indigenous peoples is crucial to Canada’s successful implementation of the 2030 Agenda and the central commitment to leave no one behind. Engagement with Indigenous partners and National Indigenous Organizations will strengthen cooperation to develop an integrated approach to advancing the SDGs. It will also help to effectively implement Canada’s obligation to uphold Indigenous peoples’ inherent right to self-determination and honour commitments under modern treaties and self-government agreements.

Communities, municipalities and cities

Cities are epicentres for jobs, growth, diversity, culture and innovation, and they provide frontline responses to address Canada’s most serious social and environmental challenges, including poverty, food insecurity, disaster relief, homelessness and crime. As a result, Canadian communities, municipalities and cities play a pivotal role in successfully implementing the 2030 Agenda. Local governments can advance progress on sustainable communities (SDG 11) through integrated planning, housing, sustainable transport, inclusive urbanization, waste management and inclusive and green public spaces. Local governments across Canada are not only implementers of the 2030 Agenda, they are also policy makers who deliver direct programs and services to Canadians.

Many Canadian cities are already taking action on the 2030 Agenda, providing an early sign of how Canada is progressing with its implementation of the SDGs. Approximately 23% of all SDG global indicators—almost a quarter—have a measurable local or urban component,^{Footnote 4} demonstrating the unique role local governments play to implement the 2030 Agenda and localize the SDGs. Actors at the sub-national level can turn the broad 2030 Agenda into practical actions that have real, immediate impacts on communities and individuals.

Given that more than half of the 7 billion people on the planet live in cities, and that two thirds of them are expected to do so by 2050, cities are at the forefront of this agenda. Local governments and actors are best placed to link the SDGs with local actions using the common language of the 2030 Agenda to discuss shared successes and challenges at all levels—local, sub-national, national and international.

Awareness and engagement

One of the biggest challenges that Canada and all countries face in implementing the 2030 Agenda is the low level of awareness about the SDGs and the lack of widespread engagement in their regard. In order for Canadians to commit to and support the 2030 Agenda, they first need to be aware of and understand the role they can play to advance the achievement of the SDGs. In particular, engagement and awareness across society would help to:

• ensure a broad understanding of the possibilities, impacts and outcomes of the 2030 Agenda, and the commitments and actions needed to achieve the SDGs;
• create spaces for open and productive dialogues and partnerships, so Canadians can collaborate and share ideas, stories, best practices and viewpoints; and,
• ensure transparency and accountability in advancing the 2030 Agenda.

A national strategy for the 2030 Agenda that reflects the ambitions and aspirations of all Canadians to move forward with the SDGs requires meaningful engagement across all segments of society. In Canada, awareness of the SDGs is limited, even though so many Canadians are already contributing to many of them. Focus needs to be placed on raising awareness about the relevance and potential of the goals to guide us toward a better future. Unifying Canadians through a common, Canada-specific vision will help build momentum and spur action on the SDGs. Increased engagement and dialogue across sectors, including all levels of government, Indigenous partners, civil society, business and academia, will be essential to delivering effective communications strategies. This involves increasing outreach, organizing events and activities, exploring innovative communications approaches, and bolstering and expanding awareness-building efforts through partnerships and networks.

To make sure that no one is left behind in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda, it will be important to hear from and profile under-represented and marginalized voices. For Canada, local governments, institutions and communities with established and trusted connections to these groups are in the best position to mobilize and engage in the SDGs in a manner respectful of diverse needs. Geographically, engaging Canadians from coast to coast to coast presents a challenge, and as such, efforts will focus on reaching rural and remote communities. Certain barriers and challenges are unique to or greater for Indigenous peoples and may be even more pronounced for those Indigenous peoples who live in northern or remote communities, or who are women, members of the LGBTQ2 community or persons with disabilities or functional limitations. Engagement with Indigenous peoples will be integrated into all aspects of the 2030 Agenda implementation, but the Indigenous peoples will be given additional consideration in order to support their participation. Organizations that serve marginalized and under-represented communities will also be supported to continue creating safe, engaging spaces for all people to participate in the 2030 Agenda.

Part of Canada’s approach to raising awareness of the SDGs will include highlighting the efforts of Canadians who are already contributing to the 2030 Agenda, both at home and abroad, through compelling storytelling.

The Government of Canada will be responsible for leading open, inclusive and transparent engagement processes to reach Canadians through various forums on developing and implementing Canada’s national strategy for the 2030 Agenda. Proactive reporting on Canada’s progress achieving the goals will be made available to the public.

Partnership for the goals

Canada recognizes that multi-stakeholder partnerships are essential in order to achieve the 2030 Agenda. While many Canadians are already coming together and collaborating on the SDGs, more work can be done to support and leverage the work of stakeholders, including not-for-profit organizations, the provinces and territories, municipalities, academia, the private sector, Indigenous peoples, women, youth and under-represented and marginalized populations.

To this end, Canada will support partnerships that emphasize horizontal collaboration and innovation across sectors that help further implement the 2030 Agenda. This includes partnerships aimed at building awareness and engagement, expanding or establishing new partnerships and networks, and advancing capacity building and research. Support will also be provided for establishing Indigenous peoples as key partners in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda.

Increasingly, the 2030 Agenda is guiding the work of international organizations. Canada takes the opportunity to advance progress on the SDGs while participating in many important global forums, including the United Nations, the Commonwealth, La Francophonie, the Group of Seven (G7) and Group of Twenty (G20), the World Health Organization and the Pan-American Health Organization. Canada will continue to act as a convener, connector and catalyst of inclusive change at the international level.

Canadian organizations also play an important role in Canada’s international efforts. Through collaboration with their local counterparts, these networks and organizations are helping to drive change and results on the ground in order to advance the SDGs in developing countries.

Learning and knowledge sharing

Vibrant and diverse networks of students, schools, academics, scientists, researchers, think-tanks, institutions of higher learning and continuing education, and educational associations are key to bringing about the transformative changes needed to achieve the 2030 Agenda. Collectively, their work is vital to achieving the SDGs as they make discoveries, generate new ideas and create solutions to global challenges.

Learning and knowledge sharing can generate a fundamental shift in how we think and act toward one another and the planet. In addition, life-long learning and knowledge sharing about sustainable development and the SDGs will empower learners to make informed decisions and take responsible actions that support environmental integrity, economic viability and a just society for present and future generations, while respecting cultural diversity. For example, both Indigenous and non-Indigenous students can benefit from the co-application of traditional Indigenous knowledge and teaching methods in classrooms.

Education and research are also recognized in a number of the SDGs. Academic institutions play a direct role in addressing these; however, their contribution to the SDGs is much broader. They support not only the implementation of each SDG, but also the SDG framework itself; educational and research institutes across Canada are already taking innovative action and building global networks to advance SDG-related research. The Government of Canada is working closely with a number of universities and colleges to raise awareness about and support research, innovation and knowledge sharing on the SDGs.

Bringing together diverse experts with practical knowledge, experience and insights about approaches that work well enables Canada to enhance problem-solving, innovation and peer learning. These are important implementation tools that can generate new solutions to sustainable development challenges.

Global reporting

The High-Level Political Forum (HLPF), under the auspices of the United Nations General Assembly and the Economic and Social Council, plays a central oversight role in the follow-up and review of the 2030 Agenda at the global level. Presenting Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs), in which each country assesses its progress implementing the 2030 Agenda goals and targets, is an essential component of the HLPF. Each country is expected to present at least two VNRs by 2030. Canada presented its first VNR in July 2018, and it will prepare at least one additional VNR before 2030.

The UN Member States have agreed to a set of global indicators to track progress on the SDGs and the targets of the 2030 Agenda. Canada is an active member of the Inter-Agency and Expert Group on SDG Indicators that developed the Global Indicator Framework, and it continues to work toward developing statistical methods for new indicators and refining existing indicators.

Statistics Canada will continue to report on Canada’s progress against the Global Indicator Framework through the SDG Data Hub, which is updated regularly as new data becomes available.

Supporting the Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s calls to action

The desire for reconciliation runs deeply throughout Canada, and the 2030 Agenda aligns with a number of the TRC’s calls to action that provide a framework for advancing reconciliation.

The SDGs’ focus on leaving no one behind speaks to the needs of millions of Canadians struggling with poverty and exclusion, and it is of great significance for many of the country’s approximately 1.7 million Indigenous people^{Footnote 5} with the challenges they face. In this respect, the timing of the SDGs is critical in the wake of the TRC’s 2015 final report^{Footnote 6} and the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls’ 2019 final report.^{Footnote 7}

Reconciliation inspires both Indigenous and non-Indigenous communities to transform Canadian society so that future generations can live together in dignity, peace and prosperity.^{Footnote 8} It is an ongoing process of creating and fostering respectful relationships. A critical part of this process involves recognizing the impact that Canada’s colonial history has had on the First Nations, Inuit and Métis, repairing damaged trust, offering individual and collective reparations, and following through with concrete actions that demonstrate real societal change. It requires political will, joint leadership, trust building, accountability and transparency.

Indigenous knowledge

The 2030 Agenda recognizes that the traditional knowledge systems of Indigenous peoples across the world are valuable and must be protected. At the same time, the insights they hold have the potential to inform and contribute significantly to Canada’s sustainable development efforts, including support for sustainable livelihoods, consumption patterns and practices, and food security.

The TRC’s 10 Principles of Reconciliation include the following two principles, which highlight the importance of Indigenous knowledge in the reconciliation process:

• The perspectives and understanding that the Indigenous elders and traditional knowledge keepers have of the ethics, concepts and practices of reconciliation are vital to long-term reconciliation.
• It is essential to support the Indigenous peoples’ cultural revitalization and to integrate Indigenous knowledge systems, oral histories, connections to the land, laws and protocols into the reconciliation process.^{Footnote 9}

Although Indigenous knowledge is multi-dimensional and no single definition of it exists; it can be described as rooted in the traditional or ancestral knowledge of the skills and behaviours that allowed Indigenous peoples to thrive on their lands and be flexible enough to continuously adapt. Indigenous knowledge may also encompass knowledge passed down over generations and knowledge from the experience and application of unique cultural teachings.^{Footnote 10}

Indigenous peoples have the right to self-determination, including in the area of research. Achieving this is one of the most effective and efficient means of embedding Indigenous knowledge, and all other indigenous perspectives and expertise, into research, policy and programs. Self-determination in research requires that Indigenous research priorities be respected by governments, researchers, and research institutions. It can also ensure that research governance bodies, policies, and practices facilitate impactful, meaningful research and produce new knowledge that empowers Indigenous peoples to meet the needs and priorities of their communities.^{Footnote 11}

 Indigenous peoples have much to contribute to the 2030 Agenda. Canada recognizes that the few global indicators in which Indigenous peoples are specifically included do not explicitly recognize Indigenous knowledge or contain diverse definitions of well-being, nor do they promote non-monetary measures of well-being. Canada and countries around the world recognize the need to better support, understand and strengthen the knowledge, practices and efforts of Indigenous peoples when addressing and responding to sustainable development.

Innovating for the SDGs

Societies and economies are experiencing profound changes that involve economic transformation, such as new industrial geography, commercialization and privatization, technological revolutions in informatics and biotechnology, global climate change and environmental degradation. All these shifts interact in complex ways and challenge our previous understanding of effective social, economic and environmental models.

In this context, many see innovation as a potential solution to some of society’s greatest sustainable development challenges. For Canada, this means supporting innovation projects with interconnected impacts that support the SDGs through partnership. It also means creating opportunities for Canadians to come together to share best practices, test creative ideas and measure their impact, catalyze action and achieve improved outcomes, and aim to leave no one behind.

Technological innovation and advancements are rapidly changing our understanding of what is possible at local, national and global levels. When considering challenges like achieving the SDGs, it is clear that new strategies and technologies are needed to achieve these collective goals. Many of Canada’s most important innovations for the SDGs will be initiated through direct community-level work, social entrepreneurship in the private sector, technological advancement or new efforts that provide the proof of concept that the public sector can take up, at scale.

Engaging businesses on the SDGs

The private sector is already leading the way on many of the SDGs and is an essential part of sustainable solutions. More and more, companies recognize the SDGs as levers for innovation, growth and competition. The SDGs also comprise a powerful framework for strengthening companies’ purpose narratives and for attracting talent, customers and investors.

As more than just a source of financing, private sector partnerships can support technological development, knowledge transfer, innovation, job creation and alternative revenue streams. For Canada, engaging with Canadian entrepreneurs and tapping into the knowledge of the private sector—large organizations, cooperatives, social entrepreneurs, small and medium-sized enterprises and international corporations—is central to the successful implementation of the 2030 Agenda.

Private sector and private capital contributions often take one of two main forms: good governance in business practices, or investment in sustainable development. This includes a commitment to sustainable development, transparency and accountability in managing sustainable development, supply chain practices, responsibility to avoid harm and partnerships with government to maximize the co-benefits of investment.

Financing for the SDGs

Achieving the SDGs in Canada and around the world will require new resources and partners nationally and internationally. It will be beneficial if both small- and large-scale investors can move beyond acknowledging the SDGs and aligning with them, and focus on raising and directing new capital to support a range of financial instruments with varying financial returns and supporting environmental, social and economic sustainability practices.

Achieving Canada’s sustainable growth potential will require a change in the interaction between innovation, policy and regulation, consumer behaviours, risk management, and investment patterns. In each of these areas, the financial system plays a critical role in directing capital flows, managing complex risks and unlocking opportunity.^{Footnote 12} Significant opportunities exist for Canada to develop solutions that help to close the SDG funding gap, including collaboration with private capital investors and philanthropic organizations. Social finance is an important tool that can significantly enhance Canada’s progress on the SDGs by seeking to mobilize private capital for the public good, creating opportunities for investors to finance projects that benefit society and for community organizations to access new sources of funding to address sustainable development challenges.

Next steps

This first iteration of the CIF will be used to support further consultations with stakeholders. It is intended to start the conversation with Canadians on Canada’s level of ambition to achieve the SDGs and the appropriate targets and indicators to measure Canada’s progress.

Canadians are encouraged to help shape the CIF by sharing their views, ideas and perspectives. All stakeholders are encouraged to:

• provide feedback on whether the CIF accurately reflects Canada’s ambition in relation to the SDGs, including the opportunities, challenges, trade-offs and gap areas;
• validate and build upon the proposed ambitions, indicators and targets;
• identify local and community-driven measurements to complement existing indicator frameworks and data;
• advance data-disaggregation to ensure the Framework reflects and monitors underrepresented and marginalized groups; and,
• enhance data disaggregation, recognition of Indigenous identity across the framework and the future integration of community-based data from Indigenous communities.

Goal 1: End poverty in all its form everywhere

Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food security and better nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture

Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages

Goal 4: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all

Goal 5: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls

Goal 6: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all

Goal 7: Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all

Goal 8: Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all

Goal 9: Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation

Goal 10: Reduce inequality within and among countries

Goal 11: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable

Goal 12: Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns

Goal 13: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts

Goal 14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development

Goal 15: Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss

Goal 16: Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels

Goal 17: Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development