A glimpse into deployed operations from a Health Services perspective

April 13, 2023 - SLt Bennjamin LeClercq, 1 Field Ambulance

In the summer of 2022, 1 Field Ambulance (1 Fd Amb) became the Lead Mounting Unit for Operation REASSURANCE medical support elements for the enhanced Forward Presence (eFP) Latvia.

The amalgamated Health Services Support Company (HSS Coy) was composed primarily of 1 Fd Amb members, but was drastically augmented with additions from 22 Canadian Forces Health Services Centre Cold Lake, Health Services Centre Atlantic, Health Services Centre Pacific, 5 Fd Amb, 1 Canadian Field Hospital and 15 Fd Amb. The combined HSS Coy worked under the National Support Element (NSE) to provide medical support to the Battle Group, which was primarily staffed by members of 2nd Battalion, Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light Infantry, as well as an artillery element from 1 Royal Canadian Horse Artillery, both from Shilo, Man.

Outside of the Health Services elements, HSS Coy was supported by combat arms members (infantry and artillery) for patient movement and co‑ordination on camp, and throughout exercises to greatly augment our capabilities.

While most incoming Roto 22‑02 personnel were from 1 Fd Amb, departing members largely belonged to 5 Fd Amb out of Valcartier, Que. The multinational clinic—the health services facility from which most routine care was provided—was run by Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) members (as the Framework Nation), and staffed by Canadians, as well as by medical care providers from a variety of NATO countries. The largest contingent from the Sending Nations (allied nations on camp) was the Spanish medical team, followed by members from Italy, Poland, Slovakia and Czechia.

From the early stages of the deployment, our team sought to establish and update key documents and policies to support the clinic and camp, while concurrently spending time with our allies to learn about their team compositions and capabilities. The clinic managed daily sick parade for Canadians, as well as for smaller nations who lacked medical supports within Latvia.

Working with a variety of international members, both staff and patients, pushed our team to overcome linguistic barriers by learning a variety of helpful phrases in numerous languages to improve patient outcomes.

The Latvian military medical facility was located adjacent to our own facility and its primary responsibility was to provide support to the Latvian Forces both in garrison and in the field. Although the Canadian (multinational) and Latvian clinics worked separately, they could rely on each other for support, including medical testing, facility bookings, medical training and information exchange. This benefited both parties and the relationship between our nations grew closer through our collaborative work.

Throughout the deployment, our staff handled a variety of routine and emergent cases, including tackling COVID‑19 as it remained an issue for many CAF members. At the beginning of the deployment, the COVID‑19 holding facilities for those in isolation were comprised of modular tents and heaters or A/C units to ensure patient comfort. This worked well in the summer, but as the fall weather swept in patients had to contend with the harsh elements and many isolation spaces eventually became unavailable or required drastic modifications. As a result, patients were relocated to rooms in the Latvian clinic and transient quarters for recovery, while our medical technicians and clinicians worked tirelessly to provide around‑the‑clock care for the camp. Many shifts would stretch late into the night or begin early in the morning as camp members required testing and isolation at all hours. In the late fall, HSS Coy held a joint flu immunization and COVID‑19 booster clinic that was widely attended and greatly appreciated by deployed personnel.

Providing direct support to the Battle Group (the combat arms elements of eFP Latvia) on field exercises was another mission essential task our medical teams handled throughout the deployment. Significant emphasis was placed on military interoperability to improve offensive and defensive skills in difficult terrain. Many of our medical technicians were pushed forward with the fighting echelons, working in platoons and manoeuvring in light armoured vehicles, while others operated out of light support vehicle wheeled ambulances or light armoured vehicle ambulances.

The main body of the field deployed medical element consisted of a team of medical personnel that consisted of medical technicians and medical assistants working alongside doctors and physician assistants. These teams operated out of ambulances and modular tents to provide rapid support and evacuation of patients in emergency situations. Our teams lived and worked outdoors for many days at a time, all to provide immediate and reliable care to their patients.

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Multinational medical effort on display during the Tactical Combat Casualty Care Provider MASCAL training session.

Photo by Cpl Mark Wanzel

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Lieutenant Christie Blackwell teaches cricothyrotomy to Czechian medical members while in the field.

Photo by Cpl Mark Wanzel

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Master Corporal Melanie Howard practises her suturing alongside American, Polish and Latvian medical personnel.

Photo by Cpl Mark Wanzel

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Ambulances from a variety of nations

Photo by Cpl Crystal Chan

Another facet of the deployment was the facilitation and provision of international training. These initiatives, while not mission essential tasks, were widely driven by the desire to improve and share medical skills and knowledge by all parties. We were able to conduct a wide variety of training to better integrate Health Services personnel into a larger multinational medical contingent. A prime example of our joint training was teaching and practising suturing, which was run by Canadian Task Force Surgeon Major Adrian Carpenter for Canadian, Polish, American and Latvian medical members. This was our first major success at joint training, and it undeniably opened the door to future endeavors.

As fall began to turn to winter, HSS Coy’s Task Force Surgeon (Maj Lili Zhang, as well as Maj Carpenter before them) worked tirelessly with American, Danish and Latvian forces to create a camp mass casualty (MASCAL) plan that held elements of Framework Nation, Sending Nation and other Allied Nation support for a comprehensive camp strategy to facilitate patient care. Through October and November, HSS Coy continued to run training and courses for Canadian members and Sending Nation medical members alike.

Company Sergeant‑Major Warrant Officer Melissa Oake ran the first ever International Trauma Life Support (ITLS) course in Latvia, with support from our Medical Officer, Physician Assistant, and multiple medical technicians. The course qualified four students: a Spanish doctor, a Spanish nurse, an American Special Forces medic and a Latvian physician assistant/nurse.

Soon after ITLS was the first Tactical Combat Casualty Care Provider course run in Latvia for members of the combat arms elements from Canada, Italy, Czechia, Slovenia and Latvia. This course was spearheaded by medical technician Master Corporal Michael Ganton with support from Canadian medical technicians, medical assistants, the NSE, and medical teams from Italy, Czechia, Denmark, the United States and Latvia. The final field exercise saw students provide medical care to waves of injured patients during a MASCAL event with support from Sending Nations ambulances and medical teams for patient evacuation. The training scenario was observed by eFP Latvia military leaders, local healthcare managers, administrators and hospital executives, and demonstrated the positive impacts that multinational medical co‑operation and integration can have in emergency situations.  

Over the course of six months in theatre, the multinational clinic saw over 2,000 Canadian patients and co‑ordinated care with a dozen local and out‑of‑country facilities ensuring the best possible patient outcomes with our resources. Our personnel faced every challenge head on and provided invaluable expertise to other nations, all while demonstrating humility and compassion to those in need.

Every member of the HSS team ought to be extremely proud of their work as they achieved unimaginable results in such a limited amount of time.

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